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Representative terms from entire chapter:
odyn mic
:s~ s:
Experimental meLsurcmcnts of tbc Eclair
Marc, and thc near- and ~-Ocld ~avc geld, both wig
Id Bailout go Bowl propcllct operand, Marc ob-
ained Mom ~ surface ship model reprcsobting thc pr~-
b~n~ design of ~c DDG-51 ~11 farm, reprcsantod
by OTMB Body 5415 Wave height m~a4~remcnts
pa CDT
Model Basin {DT~B) using No disarm ~chni~e~
The best toch~iq~o uses c~acb~co probes ached to
the side of the modcT basin 10 obtain longitudinal Sac
cats The second tc~n~e uses ~db~ probes
synched to ~ ~~crsing system at the Berg of ~d modal
to measure the spruce awe Meld babied 1hO model.
The d~1a Mom tag ~ccb~nical prows are used 10 gC~C[-
~1e ~ ~~ bbijbt 1~po~by map. The resume Mom
boa mc~suLcmb~t techniques arc used as a basis ~<
colon Aim co~u~tiob,1 fluid dynamics (CFD)
prodictions. Froc-sur~cc predictions Mom Mississippi
S1htc UniYorsi}'s UNCLE code, Aim s propeller bc~
~rce-modol inco~or~tod, are documented sad the
Lands ago cowered Nib the c~porimcnt,1 data.
~ OUR f~S~c Fad Amid ~t ~~-
d~ing ad ~ansitioning ~ ingests R~oId's Avor-
~g~d Drier StoLcs ad Pod Flow cOm~ion~1
codas ~~~ in 1995. Coda iil5 Ads chosen is s
rcprcse~titive navalod~tstsnthuI1 Cam on which a
]joroussetotc~p
propyOcrs 487( Id 4877. fbcsc ~cpresont 5.49-mctcr
~ll-sc~lc diim~tc, propollofs. A photograph of ~c
pumps on We modal is son in Figure 2. Fipurc 3
oboe 4~ ~dmc~ic vow of the ~p~n40d moJet Ta-
blc 1 provides modal dimc~sions and other particulars.
glued 1 ~ Isgmp~ic Vow of Modal 5413
Tbc c~pprim~nts described herein arc ob-
t~in~d bow #~ and Befoul ~< propellers operand.
To obtain ~~ most Cute #~-sut~cc mousuromcnt6,
in Sac exporimepls ~c modal Was mounted in s fixed
aim condition co~e~po~dlog ~ ~c avid ~ of Me
model ~ ~ Frown aver of picker p.28 (2.00 Basic) or
0.41 {3.10 ~i~c(~. Wh~n th) mpasurem~nti ~ro ob-
{~n~d ~i~ ~
the ct~cult Card. with the copper wIte completely InSu
iated ~~m the water, ~e sens~g element behaves as
capact~lr wed ogle plate be~g ~e copper wed, the $~-
ond pl~e the water' arid the wale ~nsulLat~n act~g as
the dicIc£~. AS waves in ~e basin change the Sub-
merged height: of ~e sens~g cIe:~, they change the
ef~e capacitor plate s~' ~~:~h tesults ~n ~ change
tn capacitance. 'the change {~ capac~e 1S propor-
:~l t~ t50 ~~ 6~- 87 ~~g ~~ If ~Y~07
~ V~y~ng capacitor' to ~ dmIng ctrcult' ~ d.~- vOltage IS
generated ~~t ~s d~y proport~! to ~e c<~citance
the wavy height belong
.
~ wave boom (~s section~' canti{~:
e baSI~ ~,811 ove,{ the water' provIdes ~ stmc
~~ 4~ch the ~~ ~s mounted. IFFY wave
boom e;~s 6~S 'n Mom the tas~n wall ~ -d
Un! sIlde wIth ~ at~d torIzOnt~ bar iS mO-~d
~ crt~Q on the wave boom. The capac~e probes,
un~slide. The un~-~de atiows precise placen:~s of
the probes, \~1 pOsition, probe emergence' uSed
£~g static cal~tan of the probes. Figure ~ shows
the IOngim61~! ~,~e cut hardwal.e ~ place ~ the ba
Ace.
,~O probeS were uSed ~r thiS cXpenment.
|~e placements of the probes are referenced to center
il~0 0t t~0 ~7 ~~ pt050 ~~t ~ 60i.~g i,}~6
and probe number 2., ou~' The probe placements
ate pl-~d tn Table 3.
~ ~ ~ ' t't: ''t< £ ~ I'! t<
hen the ~6 P0~ndic~ ot :~e ~,~l ;~h
prede0~d distance honh ~e wave probes. ~ ~ 33 Mod
pentIt~ claSs computer, us1~g an ADC488 ~ ~ blt ana
fog to digital (~) cOnve~r collectS =d ,3~e,8 the
.
Table ~ ~ Lon,81~l WaVe C~ Probe LoCatIonS
T~rs~uso Dis s.oe JO
n Mode] CenterI~n~
t MY
0.~6 m 0.73
. _
| ~ 5 at 2. 5
InS1~ callbratIOnS al.e per~: aner ~e
con~n of ~e ~~t Semis. In order ~ callbratc ~e
probes, ~e motorized un~-~e is immersed in 2~-~m
~~er~'~s ~r ~ tOt~ Of ~.~2 cm. ~ 'Data Is cOllected at
each il~emen:t ~r each of ~e probes. ~ sought line
:~t ts per~d and ~ SIOpe tS calculated and stored ~r
A.
:~:
is:: :~:
::: :~ :::
each probe. The ~~ cal~:ra6~n permits caT~n
of (he probes' the signal cond~g ampl~, ar:d
the A/:D conve:~r as ~ system.
Figure ~ - Longitudinal Wave Cut Set Up
Operating Proced~S
Paste zeroes are co11~d ~n cal~ water
Are each act. The mode! ~s ~~n ~~ past the probes at
constant speed. As the mode! approaches the test
SectIOn' ~ Strip of reflective tape positioned on ~e car-
tinge triggers ~ photosenso:r placed at the s~de of the
bas~n which sta~s data £~. FLC POSIliO~ O:C (~C
photosensor and the duration of 66~8 00~100~ is ~~-
iusted to inSure that ~e max~) amO~t Of data <
collected before tank ~7~. tc~ctions occur. Data ~s
61t ~ ~ TO HZ wI~ ~ ~ pole BeSse] fIter and cO!
|~6 Q: ~ S8~:Og 731C O:? IOO HZ ~{ 20 lO 30 SCCO~S
60:~dIHS O~ I~! SPCC~ 8~6 PLOlOSC~: POSI!~.
Oata analys~s ~s performed on the PC aDrer
each mn -First, calibrations are applied to the A/D
voltages, and ~en the prose zeroes are bed. The
data ~~m each probe ~s ~~n plot;~d to en$~m ~~t the
measurements are ot good q~-~W F~r anal>~s on
~e long~-~! ware cut data ~s oOcn per~d ~n
Order to co - ~~e ~~e WaVe spectra, and w8,\~e p~,(~l,~,
~~.
:5 in 0~65 ~~-
ChanIc~ PtOb~s ~~t cOnti~Q Searehes ~r ~e qee
St~£~< :~C SCO$~g ClC~t OittC piOtC IS ~ 0.381
diameter, 5~$ cm Iong sta~s steet Bore. The w~e Is
mounted 1n cL copper ~be that makeS up ~e body of the
probe. ~ geared racks ~.~6 t~ t60 ~~ t06y, By_
|oWs ~e probe to be ]~lYOH up and do~' US BY
~ Se - ~~. opening and cIoSIng ~ cItcult 60~YCC
the probe and the water 1S sensed by an CICC~£ C17
cult whIct Polyps ~e semomotOr. When ~e protc iS
not 1n cOntact Why the Why{ St1~O there iS an Open
~ ~~ ::::
:::: :~ i:
:::: ~
citcuit ~i th~ servomo10r ~ivOs ~a probe do~ to-
~ardA 1hc s~cc of thc ~ter. Oncc cont~ct is made
bc~ecn tbc pr~e and ~c sn,~ce of th~ watc~ a closed
cEcuit is ~ensed ~nd ~c protc ~ ~iv~n ~p, ou1 of tbe
atcr. Tbis proocss i$ ropdatcd continuously, causing
1bc probe 10 oscHl~> ~^d tho 60o ~ur~cc at ~-
proxim~ly 20 H~ lho proLc ~ conn~ct~d to a pot~n-
bomotor tg~t ~cks ~s position ~long tbc z-~xis (~avc
h~i~. Ptob~ poskion is roco~dod h~ a s~-lc and
hold circui1 during ~a 1nstant 1bc probe makes inid~1
contsc1 ~i~ ~e wa1cr sut~cc. Thi6 mi^~r of s~-
p~ng p~b~ po$]ion ~lovi~s position a~or Fom ~-
niscus c~cl~ duo to sur~cc 1ension.
E~perlme~t~1 Setup
To cr~to a topo~~hy of thc ~6e sur~co
tbe stom of tbo modct ~u~ prob~s arc mo-ed to-
t on a b~sokol ~1~ct~ed to a ~i-slido. T\o p~otes
o~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
cc~prlin~ of th~ mdd~l, ~i~ s i.08 c~ spacipg b~-
#bon prob~s. Th~ pr~b~s opor~g >ghiAd ~odel
3415 cEn be sc~n ln Fi~urc i. Tbo a~y of probos ,re
~ an XY-~ivc~e ~at is mou~d ~ ~o csr
(ago ~t ~c s~rn of tb~ ~odcL T~o s~igg pot~ aL
th~ i~c~se ~rc used to ~ck tho longi~dinsl
~ansvo~sp (~) pos~ions of ~c p~obos.
133 ~H~ 486 co~utp~, usi~g ~D AOC438 16-blt {D
c^~ collocts ~3 ^~$ ~ ~. ~ -( collec-
tion co~ut~r is nc~p~ed ~i~ ~ 35p ~Hz >~$~m 11
l~p c)-utcr th~t i~ os~d ~r d~< ~aT~is ~d plo1-
~r ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ B~
S1~1ic cslibr~tions arc per~d on ~a
kkerp~bes ~ ~cl~,phor~ ~oe~pch~. Tbo
~re poskioned ov~t ~ cont~incr of w~r, and
allo~cdtotrack ~ecaIm hc~s~ceastbouni-sTiddis
~vcrsod in 2.54-cm idc~cmcnts ~, a lot~1 of
+7.62cm. Dat~iscolloctedato~chincromcnt~rosch
of ~c proLcs. A ~aightline [tisp~r~nncd and a
~opcisc~lculatod~ndstorod ~reschproDc.
Oper~g Procedures
The ~rd most probc ~ aUg~cd Tongi~di-
n~iy (X) snd ~-svcr~e~ (Y) ~hh th~ ~R pe~cndicu-
lar snd con~rLnc of 1be model rcspoctiv~ly. Tho longi-
~din~1 ~nd ~snsYctsc s~ing pots ~ie ictoed ~1 ~is Io-
cat10n, ~d ~11 ~~e mc~surcmcn$s arc re~rc~ccd to
this posiFon. ln order to collect ~e cats n~edod to g~n-
er~tp s compIctc topogr~by of ~e stem ~foa, ~e area
is dividod into a ~mb~t of ~nsvcrs~ c~s. 0~c ~sns-
vcrsc cut coll~cts in ~g of 15.24 cm by 1.32 m. S181E
ing ~s clo~c to ~d stb~ of ~c m~d~1 as possible (1.27
c^, succoss~vp traD$vcrso c~s ard ~dc ~]h ~ ~d~
v~ndomen1 of 20.32 cm aloq~ 1bc ~-4{is be##ch cut~
For ~L <~cnt ~e co-Te~d ~pod ~ea -
uYed T .32 m by 2. 38 m.
Thp po~$iblc q~mb~r of tr~nsvcrsc cuts per ~u~
dopend~nt on mQdb1 spp~d. Oncc ~< nu~ar of
avcrsc c~ts p~r ~n is detc~ined, ~ co~nd E1c is
~cnc,<1
plOuiOg the stem topogr~by cotton maps, using
TECPLOTso~wstc. Itisi~ort~tono1c ~stibe~e
contour maps ~prcsent ~c~vcr~geofstimc-va~ing
dathset~itban WAS v~ri~bon gout Me moan contour
Ib~coord~t~sys~om ~r~emeas~o~ntsi~
di~n~d~i~thcx-axlsb~ingparaUcl 10 ~0 modolcen-
1crUne, go ~~xisst~s~ships Ad ~cz-~xisp~cn-
dicular 10 Me calm ~stcrsud~ce. Alldata Ad axes
b~cbecnnon-dimensionsUzodus~gtbc modelleng~.
The ~r~s~dp0~endi~larisd~notad~/L=0,~d~c
sRpependicul~4sx/L~1.0.
Lon~1tud1~lW~veCut~e~suremeq(~
Lop~l~din~1 ~~0cJ1s far ~odc1541i limb
and wi~outpropclldrsoperahng,atFroud~numbcryof
0.2Rand0.4T,rrcsbo~niuFig~cs6~nd7. Alongi-
~din~lwav~c~ c~nb~cb~ractctiz~dby ~~ ~~vesor
av~systoms. The ~[S1 ~sve~thc"bow w~vc/'gcn-
e~tedby +obo~)dshould~r. Tbebow ~sv~is~l-
lo~cdbythe~4vos~cne,~od gong Me mid~bo~,~6
low~dbya'#tc~ ~ave/'g~ncratodbythcstom. Lastly
a~otof1ransvcrs<~v~sdec~inghebind~cmodel~c
obscured. A1s Froudc -~tarof0.2S,attbeinncr
prob~locsbonof~Bof0.73,1bo0~tc1Ofpropul~onh
domin~ntin the ~an~versc ~~c system ~b ofthc
modeL WE 1bo propcH=~ opct~ing ~ 436P,
Bare is ~ J0 p~cntinctc~sci~ Sac b~svcrse ~~vc
Nimbi once Ma ~~topel~d~sc. Tboc~tctof go
oDct~iqgprop~llcri~pa<(cul~rlynoticeptlpipthe~m-
pli~de oftha stom ~~c, ~bich is au~mcn~d by
20porc~nt )itheo~rprobaloc~bon{)Bis2.44~c
cf~ctotpropulsiononiEcsipm wavolsloss;onIy~c-
cou~in~ tar ~ incroaseoflOparcont T6orc~slso~
noticeable pose AIR in tag E~nsvcrsc Lava system
by ~aunprdpebodandproppB~dcondidon. Tbc
t~svcrse Marc Susan of Be propcHed modal is
shiReda~by12percentof~c ~snsvefsc gave length
(2~V2/~.Tbis pbEkc shiRi~ morc~viicnt~tl~g~val-
uc~ofx/L.
At~Froudonum~erof0.41,~tcrothcpropol-
~rsoporaloat772 RP~,prop~sionha~a minimaleb
Actor Be ~svosys~m>iccoundng ~ronly~6pc~
contincreasciniLcs1~ ~avoAmpli~dc sad 2pctcont
increase in ~C s~dcof~e~ansversc~vosys1cm
atiDcinnc~probeloc~bon. Attbeou1crprobeloc~bon,
propulslonacco-1s~ra9 pOfC~t incresseinthcste~
s~ca~do~ndancgligiblcincr~sscin ~o~mplL
d~sofibe~ansversewavcsysiom. A1tbisspecd,tho
~tgcs~m ~^c ~ domina~dby Defog around Sac
Ransom s~rn,so ~coB>ctoftheopcr~ngpropcHcrs
islessovidcnltb~ ~tsFroudenumborof0.26
The eAtctotpropul~on on~bolon~din~1
av~cutsgc~cra1odby~ modclreprasentin~anothcr
co~anlbuD ~n~basbeensbo~ntobc an
scenbcre ~r~odol5415.Tbisd~la SC1 iS prcsentcd in
Lindenmn~sndRatcif}~1989~.
A companion ofibe pad and ~pro-
peD~dncar-Celd ~avosyst~msataFroudc Crop
0.28, grasped Aim ~c ~biskc~pf~c, ~ Sherwin
Fig. The diCtrcnceLc~Vecn Me ~~ conditions
h~sb~cn ~inti~edin F1~rc9. Ffopulsionincrc~scs
bc~av~an~dc~ong ~cstern~av~c~cstlineon
cordcrof3ipercent.1n ~eregionb~bi~d Bested,
ban an AL of1.05 and l.li,propul~on enacts
account~rlocalincre~scsin ~sY~bcigbtsof25to35
pc~ccnt )i this Froude number Be dog issdU ~L
tadbedfothd~nso~.
Ata Froudc numberof0.41,the Hansom is
completely clearly and the Bow converges iD
bighly ~kbul~ntre~ioncovcrin~ ~narc~of0.T5sb~
length longitudinally by 0.05 ship lea 1rans-
vcrscly. Fi~elOsbo~1b~di~cDcosductopropul-
(onin ~e~vc ~cIdLebini ~ctr~som et aFroude
numbarof0.41. Figure 1I se~cslo quanta gosh
di~tranc~s. Tbedi~trcnce~ Me 10 propulsion atom
0.005
0.005
Q.O~
0.003
0.0=
Q.OO1
a
<~01
~02
~03
.004
~,006
OOS
0~06
0.005
0~04
0~03
0~02
0.001
o
<,001
.002
<,003
~.004
<~05
~1 non
Fi~e6-lShcEB>ctofFropulsionon the Far-~cld
WavcSystcm~s~easured~itbStudona~ Capacitance
ProCcs,ataFroudonu~terof0.28
. ~
,_~ 1__
koala Raw ~
-- 20 kn^ propelled
20 kn^ unp~pellod .
....... _ ... __ _
-
~L
0,015
nine
0.0
1
C
In
. .
~ _
lt ~~
I.
. . .
I1 ~ <1\ ..
~7~ ~I\ /\ /\
~ ~ ~ 1 ~ ' ~ ~ ~
f ! 1 f < < <{ \.
OCR for page 710
~ecsuromcnt unccrt~in~ bus been ictc~inod
far bow tbc longim~in~1 Wave cut and ~bisk~r probe
data, ~ catch of +c Go spends ~bc~c data Marc on
tained. The analysis is in accordance limb standard
uncchain~ an~lysis pmctic~s of tbe ~Goidc to th~ Ex-
pr~ssion of [nccrt~in~ in ~c~surcmcn1~ ~s docu-
mentcd i~ 1993 by ~o In1~nsb0nal Organizadon ~r
St~ndardiz~don QSO), ~nd c~plsi~od ~ber in
A~S1>S~E (1998) ~d tbe AIAA Stands~d (1998~.
Dcta)cd oxplanabons and c~s-Tcs of the ~CCEtBiD~
aDalysis s~e givch Coloman and StcoTc (1998~.
For cacb speed ~pd condbion at -~h ~vo
c~ ~ere con~ctod, ~ mc~ ~-e ~s calculat~d ~om
tbc ropeat p~sscs th~1 ~cre collccicd. Tba me~ ~c
Lom ~osc r~peal pisscs ~s c~cul~cd ty avcr~gln~
//L (thc ~avp boights~ a1 cacb X/L, ~bc longitudin~1
dist~cc ~pm 1hp sh pc~cndlcul~{ S~v~n ~cpo~t
passcs ~cre collcctcd at s Froudc nu~r of 0.28 ~r
~a propeEcd and unpropcHed condihon, ~d cigb1 rc-
pc~t p~ss~s ~ro collec1od at a Froudc nu~c, of 0.41.
For ~0 ~k~f p~obe d~ta, ~=s~crsc c~s ~erc us~d to
p~lcula~ ~e ~o~ ~av~s in ~c tr~sversc dir~ction
(Y/L). Six r~ppat t-$ ~erc obt~in~d at s Froudo ~m~
ber of 0.28 ~d nine at ~ Eroubc ~r of 0.41.
Thc proci~on ~mbs arc based on mc ~tand~d
doviations of ~e ~sve. Tb~ ~rd devi~ion a1 each
X/L or Y/L lpc8hon is c~lcul~ed ~en ~t me~n ~sve
is svc,~cd iom ~c rep~a1 pds~es. Tbc sta~dard dovia-
(o~ ~mss ~e ~o~ ~~ ~c -1~ ~ ~e
p~peL s~d~nt-t v~luc sc~isr hom ~o 95~ ceft~i~
C~ 10 pro~ce ~c preclsion Iim~s. Tbesc prCcision
bmbs, vs~ ~i~ th~ posibon in ~c ~avc, usuaby
groater it ~c cres~ and Roughs of ~a ~vc tb~ at tbe
zc~-c~ssings.
The bias limit is d~tc~i~ed by calibtstions
donc insi~ =~ ~ sc~l,~ sppligd across thc entirc
~can ~ave. Tho unce~ain~ is co-~cd by ~c rooG
sum~squarc of tho bias ~nd prec1~ion [m~s (~Lo com~
moIdy re~od 10 as th~ systemadc and random c~ors~
Tbe combin~d ~cectai~ ~r ~c propcllcd
a~d unpropellad con~ions arc prcsented 1n T~1c 4.
Co~ut~io~s ~re por~cd ~i~ thc U~-
CLE codc Pbm ~lssis~ippi Sta1c Universi~. Tbis
dme-accur~e, stc~ inco~ressiblc ~S codc bas
been usod c~tensivoly 10 computo lbc ~cc-s~cc ~ov
Oold ~o~d snc~cc ship mod~k. (Bcd~u, 1998#
A propellc, body ~rce mod~I ~as intro~ced
in ~e code to co~ute ~c ~cc-sur~cc elcv~Cons ~itb
~ opersEng propcHer. This bo~ ~rcc-model ~as ~n
~ s
T~le 4 - Su~~ of ~
the stem these is al increase i file mplitude of file
waves, although not oser as g eat an extent as is sem i
the experimental data The body force-model also pre-
dicts an imrease in the mplit de of the stem wwe
crest The magnit de of d is increase is consistent wish
that seen i the measurements obtamed at a simile
Froude n mbff
CONCLUSIONS
This data provides a comprehensive documen-
tation of the effect of propulsion on the wwe system
around a naval combatant hull fomm The use of bodh
near and far held measurement sy tems results i a
thorough msppi g of the wave held around this hull
tom The data presented here how Hat there is a
greater effect of propulsion on the wwe sy tem near file
model at Froude number of 0 2S than at a Froude n m-
ber of 0 41 it is likely that d is is due to the different
nature of file hyd odyn mic flow at each of these
Froude numbers At a Froude n mber of 0 2g the flow
is still attached to the transom and file effect of file op-
erating propellers is to change file chamctffs of the local
wave system This change is manife ted as an i crease
in the maximum wave heights along the tern wwe
crest li e and an increase i file wave heights behind file
model At aFroude n mber of 0 41, where the transom
is d y, the flow held is domi ated by file flow at file
edges of the transom converging astem, and the effects
of the operating propulsor are mailer than were ob-
se~ved at a Froude number of 0 2S
UNCLE computations wish propeller body
force show simile trends of the effect of propulsion on
the wave system as file experimental data There is a
visible imrease in file mplitude of the stem wave :- . .t
and an i crease in file mplitudes of the waves i file
region astern ofthemodel
It is hoped that this data will continue to pro-
vide al insight i to file effect of propulsion on the hy-
d odyn mic flow around transom stem models, and will
be used to evaluate file way in which computational
fluid dm mics prediction codes model propulsors i
the computations
8
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The author wi be. to think Jim Rice and Ian
Mut ick for pled suppo t during file collection of these
data sets Scott Percival and Steve Fisher helped pre-
pare file figures for this pape' Much appreciation goes
to Willi m Bo ton and Peter Congedo documented file
hull fomm and the hyd odyn mic flow, photogmphi-
cally Finally, l w uld like to Hank Edhv Rood at file
Office of Naval Research for his vision which recog-
ni ed the conhibutions Hat CFD predictions could
make to hip design and his commitment to obtami g
the be t possible experimental data for validation of
these prediction codes
REFERENCES
A AA (199S), A AA Standard S-071-1005, Assessment
of Wi d Tunnel Data Unce tainty
ANSI/ASME (199S) Standard PTC 19, Te t Uncer-
tainty
Beddbu, M, Y. Jiang,, D L Whitheld, L K Taylor,
and A Ambshahi (199S) "CFD Validation of file
Free-su face Flow A und DTMB Model 5415 Us-
ing Remolds Averaged Navier-Stokes Equations,"
Third Osaka Colloquium on Advanced CFD Ap-
plications to Ship Flow and Hull Design, Os ka,
Japan
Coleman, H C, and W. G. Steele, (199S) Exp~simen-
tation and Unce tainty A alysis for Engi eels,
2Ai Ed
Hughes, C and J. F Allen (1951) "Turbulence Stimu-
lation on Ship Models," SNAME Transactions,
Vol. 59
Lindmmuth, W. and TJ Ratcliffe !1989) "Kelvi
Wake Measurements Pe to med on Five Su face
Ship Models," DTRC -89 Dig
Ratcliffe, T. (199S) "Validation of Free So face Rey-
nold's Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) and Poten-
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A bor, Ml
DISCUSSION
H Chun
Pus m Nctiorul University, Korea
When you mecsmed the wave profiles, w re the
models tree or fixed? f th models were fiee,
w re She sirJcages Ed trims of the two model
conditions wish Ed without the propellers the
same es each other? If they are the same, how
did you cdju t them?
AUTHOR'S REPLY
Ibank you for your import mt questions
regardmg the sewage Ed h im of Model 5415
For both She ion m~dn~l .. n ve cut experiments
Ed the stern topography experiments, be model
was f Fed et c sirJcage Ed trim corresponding to
the trim She m odel would achieve et c given
Froude mmmber he fi ed trim was chosen to be
that cssumedby the mmpropelled model he
m odel was then fixed et His same h im when the
propellers were operctmg Obtaining date around
the model et He same trim condition, with Ed
without propellers operctmg provided c self-
consistent set of date for CFD validation
