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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2001. Protecting People and Buildings from Terrorism: Technology Transfer for Blast-effects Mitigation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10230.
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Protecting People and Buildings from Terrorism

Technology Transfer for Blast-effects Mitigation

Committee for Oversight and Assessment of Blast-effects and Related Research

Board on Infrastructure and the Constructed Environment

Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences

National Research Council

NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
Washington, D.C.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2001. Protecting People and Buildings from Terrorism: Technology Transfer for Blast-effects Mitigation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10230.
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NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W. Washington, DC 20418

NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.

This study was supported by Contract No. DSWA01-98-C-0075 between the National Academy of Sciences and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency. Partial support for the publication of this report was provided by Contract No. Salmec-01-H-0005 between the National Academy of Sciences and the U.S. Department of State. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for this project.

International Standard Book Number 0-309-08286-2

Copyright 2001 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

Available from:

Board on Infrastructure and the Constructed Environment

National Research Council

2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W.

Washington, DC 20418

Printed in the United States of America

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2001. Protecting People and Buildings from Terrorism: Technology Transfer for Blast-effects Mitigation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10230.
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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

National Academy of Sciences

National Academy of Engineering

Institute of Medicine

National Research Council

The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences.

The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Wm. A. Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering.

The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Kenneth I. Shine is president of the Institute of Medicine.

The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts and Dr. Wm. A. Wulf are chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2001. Protecting People and Buildings from Terrorism: Technology Transfer for Blast-effects Mitigation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10230.
×

COMMITTEE FOR OVERSIGHT AND ASSESSMENT OF BLAST-EFFECTS AND RELATED RESEARCH

METE A. SOZEN, Chair,

Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana

STEPHEN W. ATTAWAY,

Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico

ERIK AUF DER HEIDE,

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, Georgia

W. GENE CORLEY,

Construction Technology Laboratories, Skokie, Illinois

EVE HINMAN,

Hinman Consulting Engineers, Inc., San Francisco, California

ROBERT P. KENNEDY,

RPK Structural Mechanics Consulting, Escondido, California

SAM A. KIGER,

University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia

STUART L. KNOOP,

Oudens and Knoop, Architects, PC, Chevy Chase, Maryland

JOHANNA LAPIERRE,

RTKL Associates, Inc., Washington, D.C.

MARK LOIZEAUX,

Controlled Demolition, Inc., Phoenix, Maryland

J.L. MERRITT,

J.L. Merritt Consulting Engineer, Yucaipa, California

DAVID J. PELGRIM,

E.K. Fox & Associates, Ltd., Fairfax, Virginia

EUGENE SEVIN,

Consultant, Lyndhurst, Ohio

CHARLES H. THORNTON,

Thornton/Tomasetti Engineers, New York, New York

Staff

RICHARD G. LITTLE, Director,

Board on Infrastructure and the Constructed Environment

WILLIAM J. HALL, Consultant

KIMBERLY GOLDBERG, Administrative Associate

NICOLE LONGSHORE, Project Assistant

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2001. Protecting People and Buildings from Terrorism: Technology Transfer for Blast-effects Mitigation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10230.
×

BOARD ON INFRASTRUCTURE AND THE CONSTRUCTED ENVIRONMENT

RICHARD WRIGHT, Chair,

National Institute of Standards and Technology (retired), Gaithersburg, Maryland

MASOUD AMIN,

Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California

GREGORY BAECHER,

University of Maryland, College Park

JONATHAN BARNETT, urban planner,

Washington, D.C.

MAX BOND,

Davis, Brody, Bond, LLP, New York, New York

MARY COMERIO,

University of California, Berkeley

PAUL H. GILBERT,

Parsons, Brinckerhoff, Quade, and Douglas, Seattle, Washington

YACOV HAIMES,

University of Virginia, Charlottesville

HENRY HATCH,

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (retired), Oakton, Virginia

JEREMY ISENBERG,

Weidlinger Associates, New York, New York

SUE McNEIL,

University of Illinois, Chicago

DOUGLAS SARNO,

The Perspectives Group, Inc., Alexandria, Virginia

WILL SECRE,

Masterbuilders, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio

DAVID SKIVEN,

General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Michigan

DEAN STEPHAN,

Charles Pankow Builders (retired), Laguna Beach, California

ERIC TEICHOLZ,

Graphic Systems, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts

ZOFIA ZAGER,

County of Fairfax, Fairfax, Virginia

CRAIG ZIMRING,

Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta

Staff

RICHARD G. LITTLE, Director,

Board on Infrastructure and the Constructed Environment

LYNDA STANLEY, Executive Director,

Federal Facilities Council

MICHAEL D. COHN, Project Officer

KIMBERLY GOLDBERG, Administrative Associate

NICOLE E. LONGSHORE, Project Assistant

JASON DREISBACH, Research Assistant

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2001. Protecting People and Buildings from Terrorism: Technology Transfer for Blast-effects Mitigation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10230.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2001. Protecting People and Buildings from Terrorism: Technology Transfer for Blast-effects Mitigation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10230.
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Preface

The report that follows was completed in July 2001. It is an effort to find ways and means for the civilian infrastructure to benefit from the technology developed in the course of the Blast Mitigation for Structures Program of the U.S. Department of Defense. As of September 11, 2001, the arithmetic governing the intersection of probability and harmful consequence has gone totally out of reckoning. What the Committee for the Oversight and Assessment of Blast-effects and Related Research considered and thought to be unthinkable threats have paled in comparison with what actually came to pass. The recommendations in this report, originally addressed to the prudent and potentially targeted, have now assumed compelling urgency for us all.

The overall concern of the committee for appropriate and balanced action to protect people in buildings has not changed. There is a host of nonintrusive changes in construction techniques, materials, and building management practices that will result in the least harm to architectural expression and cost and provide the greatest good for protection. Some of the solutions, active and passive, are already directly evident in the results of the Blast Mitigation for Structures Program. In this report the committee makes recommendations for appropriate mechanisms to achieve effective and rapid transfer of research results and existing technologies to the civilian infrastructure.

With the wish that none of the precautionary methods developed and solutions implemented will ever be needed, the committee importunes governmental bodies and the industries to rethink their building codes and

Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2001. Protecting People and Buildings from Terrorism: Technology Transfer for Blast-effects Mitigation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10230.
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sponsor development of the necessary and appropriate techniques to ensure that attractive and functional buildings can fulfill their first duty of protecting the people within them.

Mete Sozen, Chair

Committee for the Oversight and Assessment of Blast-effects and Related Research

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2001. Protecting People and Buildings from Terrorism: Technology Transfer for Blast-effects Mitigation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10230.
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Acknowledgment of Reviewers

This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the NRC’s Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this report:

John Chapman, Karn Charuhas Chapman & Twohey,

Andrea Dargush, Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research,

Timothy E. Davis, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control,

John Haltiwanger, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,

Jeremy Isenberg, Weidlinger Associates, Inc.,

John Karagozian, Karagozian and Case Structural Engineers, and

Christopher Rojahn, Applied Technology Council.

Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the conclusions or recommendations, nor did they see the final draft of the report before its release. The review of this report was overseen by Lloyd A. Duscha,

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2001. Protecting People and Buildings from Terrorism: Technology Transfer for Blast-effects Mitigation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10230.
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National Academy of Engineering. Appointed by the National Research Council, he was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the authoring committee and the institution.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2001. Protecting People and Buildings from Terrorism: Technology Transfer for Blast-effects Mitigation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10230.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2001. Protecting People and Buildings from Terrorism: Technology Transfer for Blast-effects Mitigation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10230.
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Page xiii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2001. Protecting People and Buildings from Terrorism: Technology Transfer for Blast-effects Mitigation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10230.
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Figures and Table

FIGURES

3.1

 

Overall strategy for technology transfer for the Blast Mitigation for Structures Program,

 

27

3.2

 

A performance-based multihazard mitigation model,

 

30

TABLE

3.1

 

A Technology Transfer Framework for Blast-effects Mitigation,

 

28

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2001. Protecting People and Buildings from Terrorism: Technology Transfer for Blast-effects Mitigation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10230.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2001. Protecting People and Buildings from Terrorism: Technology Transfer for Blast-effects Mitigation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10230.
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Acronyms

ACI

American Concrete Institute

AIA

American Institute of Architects

AISC

American Institute of Steel Construction

ASCE

American Society of Civil Engineers

ASME

American Society of Mechanical Engineers

ATC

Applied Technology Council

ATF

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms

BMAG

Blast Mitigation Action Group

BSSC

Building Seismic Safety Council

CCB

Construction Criteria Base

COSEPUP

Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy

COTS

commercial off-the-shelf

DARPA

Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency

DoD

U.S. Department of Defense

DTRA

Defense Threat Reduction Agency

DTRIAC

Defense Threat Reduction Information Analysis Center

FBI

Federal Bureau of Investigation

FEMA

Federal Emergency Management Agency

FFC

Federal Facilities Council

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2001. Protecting People and Buildings from Terrorism: Technology Transfer for Blast-effects Mitigation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10230.
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NEHRP

National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program

NIST

National Institute of Standards and Technology

NRC

National Research Council

NSF

National Science Foundation

SAVIAC

Shock and Vibration Information Analysis Center

TSWG

Technical Support Working Group

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Concerned with the vulnerability of U.S. civilian and military personnel to terrorist bombing attacks, the U.S. Congress directed the Department of Defense to undertake a comprehensive research and testing program aimed at protecting people in buildings from such attacks. The Blast Mitigation for Structures Program (BMSP) was initiated in 1997 and has produced a large volume of experimental and analytical data that will permit the design of new, more robust buildings as well as the development of methods to retrofit a large number of vulnerable existing structures. This report reviews the BMSP program and investigates a process that would use existing institutional infrastructures (i.e., building code and standards-writing organizations, professional and technical organizations, universities, and research centers) to disseminate knowledge.

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