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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2001. National Spatial Data Infrastructure Partnership Programs: Rethinking the Focus. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10241.
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Page 77
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2001. National Spatial Data Infrastructure Partnership Programs: Rethinking the Focus. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10241.
×
Page 78
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2001. National Spatial Data Infrastructure Partnership Programs: Rethinking the Focus. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10241.
×
Page 79
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2001. National Spatial Data Infrastructure Partnership Programs: Rethinking the Focus. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10241.
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Page 80

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REFERENCES 77 References Corbis, 2001. Online; available at http://store.corbis.com/; accessed February, 2001. Cowen, D.J., and J.Jensen, 1998. Extraction and modeling of urban attributes using remote sensing technology. Pp. 164–188 in People and Pixels: Linking Remote Sensing and Social Science. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. CSDGM [Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata], 2001. Online; available at http:// www.fgdc.gov/metadata/contstan. html; accessed February 2001. ESRI [Environmental Systems Research Institute], 2001a. The Geography Network and the NSDI, Whitepaper. Online; available at http://www.esri.com/library/whitepapers/pdfs/ GN_NDSI.pdf; accessed January 2001. ESRI [Environmental Systems Research Institute], 2001b. Tennessee Begins First-of-its-Kind GIS Basemapping Project. ArcNews 23(1):1,3. Federal Register, 1994. Executive Order 12906: Coordinating Geographic Data Acquisition and Access. The National Spatial Data Infra-structure 59:17671–17674. FGDC [Federal Geographic Data Committee], 1994. National Spatial Data Infrastructure Competitive Cooperative Agreements Program. Online; available at http://www.fgdc. gov/ publications/documents/cooperativeagreements/ fundingprograms/94cap.pdf; accessed April 2001. FGDC [Federal Geographic Data Committee], 1995. Development of a National Digital Geospatial Data Framework. Framework Working Group. Online; available at http://www.fgdc. gov/ framework/framdev.html; accessed April 1995.

REFERENCES 78 FGDC [Federal Geographic Data Committee], 1996. National Spatial Data Infrastructure. 1996 Framework Demonstration Project Program (FDPP). Federal Geographic Data Committee. Online; available at http://www.fgdc.gov/ publications/documents/cooperativeagreements/ funding programs/96fdpp.pdf; accessed April 2001. FGDC [Federal Geographic Data Committee], 1997’a. Framework: Introduction and Guide. Federal Geographic Data Committee. Online; available at http://www.fgdc.gov/frame work/ framework introguide/; accessed March 2001. FGDC [Federal Geographic Data Committee], 1997b. Impacts of the NSDI Competitive Cooperative Agreements Programs. Unpublished report, Washington, DC. FGDC [Federal Geographic Data Committee], 1998. 1998 National Spatial Data Infrastructure Funding Programs. Federal Geographic Data Committee, Washington, D.C. FGDC [Federal Geographic Data Committee], 2001. National Spatial Data Infrastructure Community Demonstration Projects—Final Report. Online; available at http://www. fgdc.gov/nsdi/docs/cdp/; accessed February 2001. GeoData Alliance, 2000. GeoData Alliance Final Drafting Team Report, September 18, 2000. Online; available at http:// www.geoall.net/downloads/GDA_Final_DT_Report.pdf; accessed February 2001. Harvey, F., 2001. NSDI from the trenches: local governments surveyed. Geospatial Solutions 11 (5):38–40. Longley, P.A., M.F.Goodchild, D.J Maguire, and D.W.Rhind, 2001. Geographic Information Systems and Science. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons. Mayo, J., 1985. The Evolution of Information Technologies, pp. 7–33 In B.Guile (ed.), Information Technologies and Social Transformation. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. NAPA [National Academy of Public Administration], 1998. Geographic Information for the 21st Century: Building a Strategy for the Nation Washington, DC: NAPA.

REFERENCES 79 NGDC [National Geospatial Data Clearinghouse], 2001. Online; available at http://www.fgdc.gov/ clearinghouse/clearing house.html; accessed February 2001. NIST [National Institute of Science and Technology], 1994. Federal Information Processing Standard 173–1: Spatial Data Transfer Standard. Department of Commerce. Online; available at http://mcmcweb.er.usgs.gov/sdts/standard.html; accessed March 2001. NPR [National Partnership for Reinventing Government], 1993. Online; available at http:// www.npr.gov/whoweare/historyof npr.html; accessed January 2001. NRC [National Research Council], 1980. Need for a Multipurpose Cadastre. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 112 pp. NRC [National Research Council], 1993. Toward a Coordinated Spatial Data Infrastructure for the Nation. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 171 pp. NRC [National Research Council], 1994. Promoting the National Spatial Data Infrastructure Through Partnerships. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 113 pp. NRC [National Research Council], 1995. A Data Foundation for the National Spatial Data Infrastructure. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 45 pp. OGC [Open GIS Consortium], 2001. Online; available at http://www. opengis.org; accessed February 2001. OMB [Office of Management and Budget], 1990. Circular A-16. Coordination of Surveying, Mapping, and Related Spatial Data Activities. Washington, DC. OMB [Office of Management and Budget], 2000. OMB Information Initiative Collection Information in the Information Age. Washington, DC. Qpass, 2001. Connected Commerce. It’s Coming Together. Online; available at http:// www.qpass.com; accessed March 2001. Rogers, E., 1995. The Diffusion of Innovations, 4th Edition. New York: Free Press. Somers, R., 1999. Framework Data Survey: Preliminary Report. Geo Info Systems, September Supplement.

REFERENCES 80 Tulloch, D.L., 1999. Theoretical model of multipurpose land information systems development. Transactions in GIS 3(3):259– 283. UCGIS [University Consortium for Geographic Information Science], 2000a. Request for Proposals: Evaluation of FGDC’s NSDI Grants Program UCGIS RFP 0001. Online; available at http:/ /www.spatial.maine.edu/~max/UCGIS/0001RFP.html; accessed March 2001. UCGIS [University Consortium for Geographic Information Science], 2000b. Cross-Cutting the UCGIS Challenges in Geographic Information Science: Reviews of Essential Progress and Vision in Major Application Domains . URISA Journal 12(2, Special Issue): 4–93. UCGIS [University Consortium for Geographic Information Science], 2001. Online; available at http://www.ucgis.org; accessed February 2001. UDRP [Urban Dynamics Research Program], 2001. Online; available at http:// edcwww2.cr.usgs.gov/umap/umap.html; accessed February 2001. Utah Geographic Information Systems Advisory Council, 2001. Utah Framework Implementation Plan. Online; available at http://agrc.its.state.ut.us/i_team/paradigm.pdf; accessed September 2001.

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The National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) was envisioned as a way of enhancing the accessibility, communication, and use of geospatial data to support a wide variety of decisions at all levels of society. The goals of the NSDI are to reduce redundancy in geospatial data creation and maintenance, reduce the costs of geospatial data creation and maintenance, improve access to geospatial data, and improve the accuracy of geospatial data used by the broader community. At the core of the NSDI is the concept of partnerships, or collaborations, between different agencies, corporations, institutions, and levels of government. In a previous report, the Mapping Science Committee (MSC) defined a partnership as "...a joint activity of federal and state agencies, involving one or more agencies as joint principals focusing on geographic information." The concept of partnerships was built on the foundation of shared responsibilities, shared costs, shared benefits, and shared control. Partnerships are designed to share the costs of creation and maintenance of geospatial data, seeking to avoid unnecessary duplication, and to make it possible for data collected by one agency at a high level of spatial detail to be used by another agency in more generalized form.

Over the past seven years, a series of funding programs administered by the Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) has stimulated the creation of such partnerships, and thereby promoted the objectives of the NSDI, by raising awareness of the need for a coordinated national approach to geospatial data creation, maintenance, and use. They include the NSDI Cooperative Agreements Program, the Framework Demonstration Projects Program, the Community Demonstration Projects, and the Community-Federal Information Partnerships proposal. This report assesses the success of the FGDC partnership programs that have been established between the federal government and state and local government, industry, and academic communities in promoting the objectives of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure.

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