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Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 176
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 177
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 178
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 179
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 180
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 181
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 182
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 183
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 184
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 185
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 186
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 187
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 188
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 189
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 190
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 191
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 192
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 193
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 194
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 195
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 196
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 197
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 198
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 199
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 200
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 201
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 202
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 203
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 204
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 205
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 206
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 207
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 208
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 209
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 210
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 211
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 212
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 213
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 214
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 215
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 216
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 217
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 218
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 219
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 220
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 221
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 222
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 223
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 224
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 225
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 226
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 227
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 228
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 229
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 230
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 231
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 232
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 233
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 234
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 235
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 236
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 237
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 238
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 239
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 240
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 241
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 242
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
×
Page 243
Suggested Citation:"4 Radium." National Research Council. 1988. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1026.
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Page 244

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Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV Get This Book
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This book describes hazards from radon progeny and other alpha-emitters that humans may inhale or ingest from their environment. In their analysis, the authors summarize in one document clinical and epidemiological evidence, the results of animal studies, research on alpha-particle damage at the cellular level, metabolic pathways for internal alpha-emitters, dosimetry and microdosimetry of radionuclides deposited in specific tissues, and the chemical toxicity of some low-specific-activity alpha-emitters. Techniques for estimating the risks to humans posed by radon and other internally deposited alpha-emitters are offered, along with a discussion of formulas, models, methods, and the level of uncertainty inherent in the risk estimates.

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