evidence, and developing standards for expert witnesses. The last step, noted the participant, is controversial on the grounds that standardiza-tion might not be desirable or possible among the varying disciplines of science.

A substantial debate was raised over the question of whether juries are asked to do too much in trials of technical complexity, such as patent cases. A judge argued strongly in favor of keeping juries for all trials. “Juries are the bedrock of the system,” he said. Rather than replacing juries, he suggested that the responsibility for making trials comprehensible to jurors rests with the judge. “We must make the work of the jurors more doable,” he said.