Income inequality

U-shaped association between project-income inequality maintenance and project maintenance

High variance of family incomes associated with lower water delivery performance and lower productivity

Low variance of family incomes associated with better rule conformance and maintenance

Wealth inequality

Higher landholding inequality associated with lower canal maintenance;

U-shaped association between landholding inequality and intravillage conflict

Landholding inequality positively associated with maintenance

U-shaped association between landholding inequality and project maintenance

Head-ender/ tail-ender

Head-end/tail-end disparities in water availability associated with lower levels of performance index

Presence of modern headworks negatively associated with water delivery and cropping intensity at tail end

Presence of “disadvantaged groups” associated with lower rule conformance and maintenance