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OCR for page 181
Appendixes
OCR for page 182
Nuclide
Ru-103
Ru-105
Ru-106+
Rh-103m
Rh-105
Pd-103
Pd-109
Ag-105
Ag-108m+
A~-l lOm
A~-111
Cd-109
Cd-115
Cd-115m
In-111
In-113m
In-114m
In-llSm
Sn-113
Sn-125
Sb-124
Sb-125
Te-123m
Te-125m
Te-127
Te-127m
Te-129
Te-129m
Te-131
Te-13 lm
Te-132
Te-133
Te-133m
Te-134
I-123
I-125
I-126
I-129
I-130
I-131
I-132
I-133
I-135
Xe-13 lm
Xe-133
Xe-135
Cs-129
Cs-131
Cs-132
Cs-134m
Quantity
(Bq)
106
106
.
10' ~
. 108 .
.
10'
108 ,
.
100
~
106 .
106
o6 .
6
100
lo6
lo6
10~
107
10
6
100
~ --
107
1
107
.-
10~
lo6
.-
10'
lo6
.-
. 10'
105
105
. ~-
107
.~
lo6
1~ ~
6
6
105
.-
10~
106
-
04
04
lolo
105
100
~ 105
_ 105
Concentration L
(kBq/kg)
2
10
r An
10
. 104
,A,
10~
103
103
2
10
0
. 103
04-
A'
10~ .
102 .
102
lo2
.
10<
103
10
10
. As
. 10~ .
102
1o3 .
103
1o3
A.
10t
103
10
10
A.
104
10
10
10
10
10
A,
10<
2
10
102
10
10
10
_-
10' .
103
10~
2
105
10 ~
103
Nuclide
Cs-134
Cs-134
Cs-136
Cs-137+
Cs-138
Ba-131
Ba-140+
La-140
Ce-139
Ce-141
Ce-143
Ce- 144+
Pr-142
Pr-143
Nd-147
Pm-147
Pm-149
Sm-151
Sm-153
Eu-152
Eu-152m
Eu-154
Eu-155
Gd-153
Gd-159
Tb-160
Dy- 166
Ho-166
Er-169
Er-171
Tm-170
Tm-171
Yb-175
Lu-177
Hf-181
Ta-182
W-181
W-185
W-187
Re-186
Re-188
Os-185
Os-191
Os-19lm
Os-193
Ir-l9O
Ir-192
Ir-194
Pt-191
Pt-193m
C-10
Quantity
(Bq)
104
10r
05
04
104
l
10°
. 105
.
10'
. 1o6
l
10'
. 106
.
10
105 1
10 1
. 106 1
. 1
10' 1
106 1
1
10° 1
106 ~
106 1
100 1
1o6 1
l
10' 1
107 1
l
10~ 1
106 1
1
lou 1
105 1
1
10' 1
106 1
1
100
107 1
1o7 .
106 1
hoL ~1
07
07 _
106
10
105
10
107
7
10'
106
10~
104
-
103
0U
106
1
Concentration
(kBq/kg)
1O4
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
1o2
10
2
10~
102
10
102 1
104
10 1
102 1
io2 1
10 1
10 1
10 1
10 1
102 1
103 1
1o 1
03
03
04
102 1
103
104
03
03
10 1
10 1
1o3 1
1o4 1
102 1
103 1
102 1
10 1
102 1
10 1
102 1
10 1
10 1
1o2 1
102 1
1o3 1
OCR for page 183
A
Biographical Sketches of
Committee Members
Richard S. Magee, chair, is currently vice president, Carmagen Engineering,
Inc., and technical director, New Jersey Corporation for Advanced Technology.
His previous positions include associate provost for research and development
and executive director, Otto H. York Center for Environmental Engineering and
Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT); professor in the Department
of Mechanical Engineering and the Department of Chemical Engineering, Chem-
istry, and Environmental Science, NJIT; associate director, Environmental Pro-
tection Agency (EPA) Center for Airborne Organics, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology (MIT); director, Northeast Hazardous Substance Research Center,
NJIT; and director, Stevens Institute of Technology Energy Center. He has chaired
numerous groups and committees including a number of National Research Coun-
cil (NRC) committees. His NRC service includes chair and member of the NRC
Evaluation Panel for the National Bureau of Standards Center for Fire Research;
member of the Board of Assessment of the National Engineering Laboratories;
chair and member of the Committee on Review and Evaluation of the Army
Chemical Stockpile Disposal Program; chair and member of the Panel on Review
and Evaluation of Alternative Chemical Disposal Technologies; and chair and
member of the Committee on Review of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of
Fossil Energy's Research Plan for Fine Particulates. He is a fellow of the Ameri-
can Society of Mechanical Engineers and a National Associate of the National
Academies. He has also provided service to the North Atlantic Treaty Organiza-
tion Science Committee as a member of the Priority Area Panel on Disarmament
Technologies and as a member of the Advisory Panel on Security-related Civil
Science and Technology. He has extensive experience in environmental science
183
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184
and engineering, including expertise in combustion, incineration,
ardous waste, and energy technologies. He has a B.E., an M.S., and an Sc.D. from
Stevens Institute of Technology.
APPENDIX A
· 1
, emissions, naz-
David E. Adelman is an associate professor at the University of Arizona's James
E. Rogers College of Law. His work focuses on the myriad interfaces between
law and science, with particular emphasis on evaluating environmental and regu-
latory issues relating to new or controversial technologies as well as assessing the
impacts of intellectual property regimes on scientific research in the United States.
He is a member of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Environmental
Management Advisory Board, as well as a member of the National Academies'
Committee on Building a Long-term Environmental Quality Research and De-
velopment Plan in the U.S. Department of Energy, which evaluated DOE' s Envi-
ronmental Management science program. From July 1998 to September 2001, he
was a senior attorney with the Natural Resources Defense Council's (NRDC)
Nuclear and Public Health programs in Washington, D.C., where he monitored
and litigated issues pertaining to the environmental cleanup of the nuclear weap-
ons complex and developed proposals for appropriate regulatory mechanisms for
agricultural biotechnology. Prior to his position at NRDC, he was an associate at
the law firm of Covington & Burling in Washington, D.C., where he litigated
patent disputes and provided counsel on environmental regulatory issues. He
received a B.A. in chemistry and physics from Reed College in 1988, a Ph.D. in
chemical physics from Stanford University in 1993, and a J.D. from Stanford
Law School in 1996.
Jan Beyea is a senior scientist with Consulting in the Public Interest and a
consultant to the National Audubon Society and the Epidemiology Department of
the Mount Sinai Medical School. He consults on nuclear physics and other en-
ergy and environmental topics for numerous local, national, and international
organizations. He has been chief scientist and vice president, National Audubon
Society, and has held positions at the Center for Energy and Environmental
Studies, Princeton University, Holy Cross College, and Columbia University. He
has served on numerous advisory committees and panels including as a member
of the NRC's Board on Energy and Environmental Systems, Energy Engineering
Board; Committee on Alternative Energy R&D Strategies; and Committee to
Review DOE's Fine Particulates Research Plan. He has served on the Secretary
of Energy's Advisory Board, Task Force on Economic Modeling and the policy
committee of the Recycling Advisory Council. He served as an advisor to various
Office of Technology Assessment studies. He has expertise in energy technolo-
gies and associated environmental and health concerns and has written numerous
articles on environment and energy. He received a B.A. from Amherst College
and a Ph.D. in physics from Columbia University.
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APPENDIX A
185
jack S. Brenizer, ,Ir., is a professor in the Department of Mechanical and Nuclear
Engineering and chairman of the Nuclear Engineering Program at the Pennsylva-
nia State University. His previous positions include associate professor, School
of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, and
engineering technician, AMP Incorporated. His research and teaching interests
cover a wide range of expertise related to nuclear science and engineering, nuclear
measurements, radiation detection, reactor operations and systems, and effects of
radiation. He is a recipient of the American Society for Testing and Materials
(ASTM) E7 Charles W. Briggs Award and a Board Member of the International
Society for Neutron Radiography. He is a member of the American Nuclear
Society, the Health Physics Society, Sigma Xi, the American Society for Nonde-
structive Testing, the ASTM, the International Society for Neutron Radiography,
and the International Society for Optical Engineering. He has a B.S. in physics
from Shippensburg State College and an M.E. (engineering science) and a Ph.D.
(nuclear engineering) from the Pennsylvania State University.
Lynda L. Brothers is a partner with Sonnenschein Nath & Rosenthal. Her previ-
ous positions include partner, Davis Wright Tremaine (1990-2000~; executive
vice president, Raytheon Hanford, Inc. (1996~; assistant director, Hazardous,
Solid and Radioactive Waste and Air Quality, Department of Ecology, State of
Washington (1983-1985~; deputy assistant secretary for environment, U.S. De-
partment of Energy (1979-1981~; and counsel, Subcommittee on Environment
and Atmosphere, Committee on Science and Technology, U.S. House of Repre-
sentatives (1978-1979~. She has extensive experience in environmental and ra-
dioactive waste issues that cut across many agencies and jurisdictions and ad-
dresses regulatory issues related to defense wastes and commercial low-level
radioactive waste. She has served on a number of advisory boards and commit-
tees including the NRC's Board on Radioactive Waste Management (1989-1996~;
Committee on Classification of Documents at the Department of Energy; Com-
mittee to Review New York State's Siting and Methodology Selection for Low
Level Radioactive Waste Disposal. She has also served on the Advisory Board,
Virginia Mason Center for Women's Health; the Northwest Citizens' Forum on
High Level Nuclear Waste at Hanford; and the Board of Trustees, Washington
Environmental Foundation. She served as chair of the Northwest Interstate Com-
pact Commission on Low Level Radioactive Waste from 1983-1985. Until spring
of 2000, she was counsel to the board of directors of Envirocare of Utah, and she
currently serves on the board of directors, American Birding Association. She has
a J.D. from the Golden State University, an M.S. in biology from the University
of Virginia, and a B.S. in genetics from the University of California, Berkeley.
Robert ,1. Budnitz is president of Future Resources Associates, Inc., in Berkeley,
California. Previously, he served as deputy director and director of the U.S.
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186
APPENDIX A
Nuclear Regulatory Commission's (USNRC's) Office of Nuclear Regulatory
Research and also held several management positions at the Lawrence Berkeley
Laboratory of the University of California. His professional interests are in envi-
ronmental impacts, hazards, and safety analysis, particularly of the nuclear fuel
cycle. He has been prominent in the field of nuclear reactor safety assessment and
waste repository performance assessment, including probabilistic risk assess-
ment. Dr. Budnitz has served on numerous investigative and advisory panels of
scientific societies, government agencies, and the National Research Council.
His most recent NRC committee service was with the Board on Radioactive
Waste Management, Committee on Buried and Tank Wastes and Committee on
Technical Bases for Yucca Mountain Standards. He is a member of the Board of
Directors of the Cal Rad Forum, an association of public and private institutions
and corporations that generate low-level radioactive waste in the Southwestern
Low-Level Waste Disposal Compact, which supports the prompt development of
the Ward Valley site in California. He received a B.A. from Yale University and
a Ph.D. in physics from Harvard University.
Gregory R. Choppin is currently the R.O. Lawton Distinguished Professor of
Chemistry at Florida State University. His research interests involve the chemis-
try of the f-elements, the separation science of the f-elements, and the physical
chemistry of concentrated electrolyte solutions. During a postdoctoral period at
the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, he par-
ticipated in the discovery of mendelevium, element 101. His research and educa-
tional activities have been recognized by the American Chemical Society' s Award
in Nuclear Chemistry, the Southern Chemist Award of the American Chemical
Society, the Manufacturing Chemist Award in Chemical Education, the Chemi-
cal Pioneer Award of the American Institute of Chemistry, a Presidential Citation
Award of the American Nuclear Society, and honorary D.Sc. degrees from Loyola
University and the Chalmers University of Technology (Sweden). Dr. Choppin
has served as member, chair, or vice chair of numerous NRC committees and is
currently a member of the Board on Radioactive Waste Management and chair of
the Committee on Building a Long-term Environmental Quality Research and
Development Program in the U.S. Department of Energy. Dr. Choppin received a
B.S. in chemistry from Loyola University, New Orleans, and a Ph.D. from the
University of Texas, Austin.
Michael Corradini (National Academy of Engineering [NAB]) is a professor in
the Department of Engineering Physics at the University of Wisconsin, Madison,
and associate dean of the College of Engineering. Dr. Corradini's research focus
is nuclear engineering and multiphase flow with specific interests that include
light-water reactor safety, fusion reactor design and safety, waste management
and disposal, vapor explosions research and molten core concrete interaction
research, and energy policy analysis. He is a member of the American Institute of
OCR for page 187
APPENDIX A
187
Chemical Engineers, the American Society of Engineering Education, and the
American Society of Mechanical Engineers, and a fellow of the American Nuclear
Society. Dr. Corradini has received numerous awards including the National
Science Foundation's Presidential Young Investigators Award, the American
Nuclear Society's reactor safety best paper award, and the University of Wiscon-
sin, Madison campus, teaching award. He is the author of more than 100 techni-
cal papers and has served on various technical review committees, including the
research review panel of the USNRC and the direct heating review group. He is
currently a member of the NRC's Electric Power/Energy Systems Engineering
Peer Committee and chair of the Frontiers of Engineering Organizing Commit-
tee. Dr. Corradini was elected to the NAE in 1998. He received his B.S. in
mechanical engineering from Marquette University and his M.S. and Ph.D. in
nuclear engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
James W. Dally (NAE) is Glenn L. Martin Institute Professor of Engineering
Emeritus, University of Maryland, College Park. Dr. Dally has had a distin-
guished career in industry, government, and academia and is the former dean of
the College of Engineering at the University of Rhode Island. His former posi-
tions include senior research engineer, Armour Research Foundation; assistant
director of research, Illinois Institute of Technology Research Institute; assistant
professor, Cornell University; professor, Illinois Institute of Technology; and
senior engineer, International Business Machines Corporation. He is also an in-
dependent consultant. Dr. Dally is a mechanical engineer and the author or coau-
thor of six books, including engineering textbooks on experimental stress analy-
sis, engineering design, instrumentation, and the packaging of electronic systems,
and has published approximately 200 research papers. He has served on a number
of NRC committees and is currently on the Committee on the Future Environ-
ments for the National Institute for Standards and Technology and the Committee
on Review of Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration's Truck Crash Causa-
tion Study. He has a B.S. and an M.S. from the Carnegie Institute of Technology,
and a Ph.D. from the Illinois Institute of Technology.
Edward R. Epp is professor of radiation oncology, emeritus, Harvard Univer-
sity. He has served as physicist, Department of Radiology, Montreal General
Hospital; has worked at the Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research where
he served as member and professor of biophysics at Cornell University in the
Graduate School of Medical Sciences; was professor of radiation oncology,
Harvard Medical School; and served as head of the Division of Radiation Bio-
physics in the Department of Radiation Oncology at Massachusetts General Hos-
pital. Dr. Epp is a fellow of the American Physical Society and the American
Association of Physicists in Medicine. He has served as president of the Radia-
tion Research Society and on a number of committees of the National Academy
of Sciences. He has also been a member of the National Institute of Health
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188
APPENDIX A
Radiation Study Section and the National Cancer Institute Clinical Program
Project Committee. In 2000, he was the Failla Memorial Lecturer for the Greater
New York Chapter of the Health Physics Society in association with the Radia-
tion and Medical Physics Society of New York. His research interests include
radiation physics and dosimetry, radiation biophysics, and mechanisms of radia-
tion action in cells. His specific research on mechanism aspects has dealt with the
biological effects of ultrahigh-intensity pulsed radiation in the presence of oxy-
gen and other chemical sensitizers. He obtained his B.A. and M.A. degrees from
the University of Saskatchewan and his Ph.D. in nuclear physics from McGill
University.
Alvin Mushkatel is currently a professor in the School of Planning and Land-
scape Architecture at Arizona State University (ASU). Previous positions at ASU
include professor, School of Public Affairs; director of the Doctor of Public
Administration Program; and director of the Office of Hazards Studies. He has
held positions in political science at the University of Denver; University of
Missouri, St. Louis; and St. John's University in Minnesota. He has conducted
numerous studies and published widely in a number of areas including risk per-
ception, siting of hazardous waste facilities, public and stakeholder involvement
in policy making, and nuclear waste policy. He has served on numerous advisory
bodies and committees including the U.S. Department of Energy Headquarters
Public Participation Seminar Series Panel on public trust and confidence, and on
the following NRC committees: Earthquake Engineering and a number of its
subpanels; Committee on Review and Evaluation of the Army Chemical Stock-
pile Disposal Program; Committee to Assess the Policies and Practices of the
Department of Energy to Design, Manage, and Procure Environmental Restora-
tion, Waste Management, and Other Construction Projects; and Committee on
Decontamination and Decommissioning of Uranium Enrichment Facilities. Dr.
Mushkatel received his Ph.D. in political science from the University of Oregon.
Rebecca R. Rubin is a partner in the BAHR Environmental Company, in which
she leads and performs environmental studies and evaluations for clients in the
federal and commercial sectors. She has held a number of positions in the envi-
ronmental field including director, Army Environmental Policy Institute, manag-
ing the research, analysis, and development of progressive environmental poli-
cies and strategies for the U.S. Army; and manager, project leader, and analyst,
Environmental Program, Institute for Defense Analyses, where she managed the
environmental studies program and conducted studies for the Department of
Defense and other government agencies. Her experience in the environmental
area covers a broad range of subjects including the integration of environmental,
safety, and health considerations with defense acquisition; evaluation of site
contamination, developmental testing of environmental technologies; and poli-
OCR for page 189
APPENDIX A
189
cies and strategies for environmental cleanup and compliance. She has a B.A.
from Harvard College and an M.A. from Columbia University.
Michael T. Ryan is an associate professor, Department of Health Administration
and Policy, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC). He earned his B.S. in
radiological health physics from Lowell Technological Institute in 1974. In 1976,
he earned his M.S. in radiological sciences and protection from the University of
Lowell. Dr. Ryan received a Ph.D. in 1982 from the Georgia Institute of Technol-
ogy, where he was recently inducted into the Academy of Distinguished Alumni.
Dr. Ryan is an editor in chief of Health Physics Journal. Over the past 10 years,
he has served on the Technical Advisory Radiation Control Council for the State
of South Carolina. He is a member of the National Council of Radiation Protec-
tion and Measurements (NCRP) scientific vice president for Radioactive and
Mixed Waste Management and chair of Scientific Committee 87; and a member
of the board of directors. He is also a member of NCRP's scientific committee
87-4 on Management of Waste Metals Containing Radioactivity. Dr. Ryan is
certified in the comprehensive practice of health physics by the American Board
of Health Physics. Dr. Ryan holds adjunct appointments at Georgia Tech and at
the University of South Carolina and the College of Charleston where he has
taught radiation protection courses at the graduate level. He is currently serving
on the Scientific Review Group appointed by the Assistant Secretary of Energy to
review the ongoing research in health effects at the former weapons complex at
Mayak in the Southern Urals of the former Soviet Union. Prior to his appointment
at MUSC, Dr. Ryan was most recently vice president of Barnwell Operations for
Chem-Nuclear Systems, Inc., and previously served as vice president of regula-
tory affairs, having responsibility for developing and implementing the company's
policies and programs to comply with state and federal regulations. Before join-
ing Chem-Nuclear Systems, Inc., as director of the Environmental and Dosimetry
Laboratory in 1983, Dr. Ryan spent seven years in environmental health physics
research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
Richard I. Smith retired from Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in 1996
after nearly 40 years of scientific activities on the Hanford Site, where he was a
staff engineer in the Systems and Risk Management Department. He has exten-
sive experience related to decontamination and decommissioning (D&D) of li-
censed nuclear facilities, including cost analyses and environmental impact analy-
ses. His studies on the decommissioning of power and test reactors, fuel cycle
facilities, and non-fuel cycle nuclear facilities, which focus on estimating the
costs and occupational radiation dose for D&D of nuclear facilities, are known
and used throughout the world. He has participated in the development of several
reports for the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) on the D&D of
nuclear facilities, dealing with the status of technology decontamination, disas-
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190
APPENDIX A
sembly, and waste management, and he served as a member of an IAEA working
group considering the planning for decommissioning of WWER-440 reactors
throughout the former Eastern bloc countries. He has also recently contributed to
the International Nuclear Safety Program in the area of planning for decommis-
sioning the three undamaged reactors at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station in
Ukraine. He has led studies in the storage, packaging, and transport of spent fuel
and greater than Class C waste. He has served on the NRC Committee on Decon-
tamination and Decommissioning of Uranium Enrichment Facilities, and the
Committee to Assess the Policies and Practices of the DOE to Design, Manage
and Procure Environmental Restoration, Waste Management, and Other Con-
struction Projects. He has a B.S. in physics from Washington State University
and an M.S. in applied physics from the University of California at Los Angeles;
he is a professional engineer in nuclear engineering, licensed in the states of
Washington and California.
Dale Stein (NAB) is president emeritus of Michigan Technological University
and retired professor of materials science. He has held positions at Michigan
Technological University, the University of Minnesota, and the General Electric
Research Laboratory. He is a recipient of the Hardy Gold Medal of the American
Institute of Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers and the Geisler Award
of the American Society of Metals (Eastern New York Chapter), and he has been
an elected fellow of the American Society of Metals and the American Associa-
tion for the Advancement of Science. He has served on numerous NRC commit-
tees: he is currently a member of the Committee on Review of DOE's Office of
Heavy Vehicle Technologies; Committee on Review of National Transportation
Science and Technology Strategy; and Research and Technology Coordinating
Committee of the Transportation Research Board; he was chair of the Committee
on Decontamination and Decommissioning of Uranium Enrichment Facilities.
He previously was a member of the U.S. Department of Energy's Energy Re-
search Advisory Board. He is currently chairman of the Advisory Committee for
the Center for Nuclear Waste Regulatory Analyses (CNWRA), which is con-
cerned primarily with advising the USNRC on the granting of a license for a
repository for high-level nuclear waste; CNWRA is affiliated with the Southwest
Research Institute, a contractor to the USNRC. He is also a member of the NAE
and is an internationally known authority on the mechanical properties of engi-
neering materials. He received his Ph.D. in metallurgy from Rensselaer Polytech-
nic Institute.
Detlof van Winterfeldt is a professor of public policy and management at the
University of Southern California and director of its Institute for Civic Enter-
prise. He also is the president of Decision Insights, Inc., a management consult-
ing firm specializing in decision and risk analysis. His research interests are in the
foundation and practice of decision and risk analysis as applied to technology and
OCR for page 191
APPENDIX A
191
environmental management problems. He is the coauthor of two books and au-
thor or coauthor of more than 100 articles and reports on these topics. He has
served on several committees and panels of the National Science Foundation
(NSF) and the National Research Council, including the NSF's Advisory Panel
for its Decision and Risk Management Science Program and the NRC' s Commit-
tee on Risk Perception and Risk Communication.
Representative terms from entire chapter:
waste management
