National Academies Press: OpenBook
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2002. Equipping Tomorrow's Military Force: Integration of Commercial and Military Manufacturing in 2010 and Beyond. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10336.
×

Page i

EQUIPPING TOMORROW'S MILITARY FORCE

Integration of Commercial and Military Manufacturing in 2010 and Beyond

Committee on Integration of Commercial and Military Manufacturing in 2010 and Beyond

Board on Manufacturing and Engineering Design

Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences
National Research Council


NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
Washington, D.C.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2002. Equipping Tomorrow's Military Force: Integration of Commercial and Military Manufacturing in 2010 and Beyond. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10336.
×

Page ii

    National Academy Press 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W. Washington, DC 20418

    NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.

    This study was sponsored by the Joint Defense Manufacturing Technology Panel, U.S. Department of Defense, under contract No. N00014–96-D-0301. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. government.

    International Standard Book Number 0-309-08316-8

    Additional copies of this report are available from: National Academy Press 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W. Box 285 Washington, DC 20055 800–624–6242 202–334–3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area) http://www.nap.edu

    Available in limited quantities from:

    Board on Manufacturing and Engineering Design

    2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W.

    Washington, DC 20418

    202–334–3124 bmaed@nas.edu

    Cover: Image across the middle is a close-up of a circuit board.

    Copyright 2002 by the National Academy of Sciences . All rights reserved.

    Printed in the United States of America

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2002. Equipping Tomorrow's Military Force: Integration of Commercial and Military Manufacturing in 2010 and Beyond. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10336.
×

Page iii

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

National Academy of Sciences

National Academy of Engineering

Institute of Medicine

National Research Council

The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce M.Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences.

The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr.Wm.A.Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering.

The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr.Kenneth I.Shine is president of the Institute of Medicine.

The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr.Bruce M.Alberts and Dr.Wm.A.Wulf are chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2002. Equipping Tomorrow's Military Force: Integration of Commercial and Military Manufacturing in 2010 and Beyond. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10336.
×

Page iv

COMMITTEE ON INTEGRATION OF COMMERCIAL AND MILITARY MANUFACTURING IN 2010 AND BEYOND

MICHAEL F.McGRATH, Sarnoff Corporation, Arlington, Virginia, Chair

WALTER B.LaBERGE, Naval Postgraduate School, Aptos, California, Vice Chair

ARDEN L.BEMENT, JR., Purdue University

RADM PETER DeMAYO, Lockheed Martin Corporation (retired), Alexandria, Virginia

GARY L.DENMAN, GRC International (retired), Pinehurst, North Carolina

JOSEPH A.HEIM, Genie Industries, Redmond, Washington

F.SUZANNE JENNICHES, Northrop Grumman Corporation, Linthicum, Maryland

JAMES MATTICE, Universal Technology Corporation, Dayton, Ohio

DAVID R.SMITH, Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, New York

ROBERT I.WINNER, R.Winner & Associates, Hopkinton, Massachusetts

NRC Staff

PATRICK J.DOYLE, Program Officer

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2002. Equipping Tomorrow's Military Force: Integration of Commercial and Military Manufacturing in 2010 and Beyond. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10336.
×

Page v

BOARD ON MANUFACTURING AND ENGINEERING DESIGN

JOSEPH G.WIRTH, Raychem Corporation (retired), Mt.Shasta, California, Chair

F.PETER BOER, Tiger Scientific, Inc., Boynton Beach, Florida

JOHN BOLLINGER, University of Wisconsin, Madison

PAMELA A.DREW, The Boeing Company, Seattle, Washington

ROBERT EAGAN, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico

EDITH M.FLANIGEN, UOP Corporation (retired), White Plains, New York

JOHN W.GILLESPIE, JR., University of Delaware, Newark

JAMIE C.HSU, General Motors Corporation, Warren, Michigan

RICHARD L.KEGG, Milacron, Inc. (retired), Cincinnati, Ohio

JAY LEE, United Technologies Research Center, East Hartford, Connecticut

JAMES MATTICE, Universal Technology Corporation, Dayton, Ohio

CAROLYN W.MEYERS, North Carolina A&T University, Greensboro

JOE H.MIZE, Oklahoma State University (retired), Stillwater

FRIEDRICH B.PRINZ, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California

JAMES B.RICE, JR., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge

JOHN B.STENBIT, TRW, Inc., Fairfax, Virginia

DALIBOR F.VRSALOVIC, AT&T Labs, Menlo Park, California

JOEL SAMUEL YUDKEN, AFL-CIO, Washington, D.C.

NRC Staff

TONI MARECHAUX, Director

ARUL MOZHI, Associate Director

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2002. Equipping Tomorrow's Military Force: Integration of Commercial and Military Manufacturing in 2010 and Beyond. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10336.
×

Page vi

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2002. Equipping Tomorrow's Military Force: Integration of Commercial and Military Manufacturing in 2010 and Beyond. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10336.
×

Page vii

Preface

As this report is being written, the United States and its allies find themselves attacked in a war of terrorism that vividly demonstrates the unpredictability and intensity of the threats that will challenge the credibility of U.S. national policy over the next decades. Although the specifics of this war were unforeseen, the Department of Defense (DOD) has been concerned for the past several years with the need for new kinds of flexible response capabilities and with the transformation needed for national security in a new global environment.

Each military service has been vigorously embarked on a technology-based transformation of its strategy, tactics, and force structure to significantly increase its ability for near-instantaneous projection of overwhelming military power to distant areas of U.S. national interest. This National Research Council study, Equipping Tomorrow's Military Force: Integration of Commercial and Military Manufacturing in 2010 and Beyond, deals with a co-requisite to this transition— namely, the need to also transform the U.S. military-industrial production support base.

Tapping into the strength of our commercial sector is a necessary element of any military strategy that relies on the ability to introduce new technology rapidly into operational use and on fast surge replenishment of weapons, spare parts, and other consumables vital to readiness and sustainability. It is also the only affordable path to keeping reasonably up to date with commercial technology advances.

This report was requested by the DOD Joint Defense Manufacturing Technology Panel to identify trends and opportunities for DOD and defense prime contractors to make optimal use of the technology and flexible manufacturing capabilities emerging within the U.S. commercial sector. The study committee

Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2002. Equipping Tomorrow's Military Force: Integration of Commercial and Military Manufacturing in 2010 and Beyond. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10336.
×

Page viii

appointed by the NRC Board on Manufacturing and Engineering Design consisted of members with backgrounds in defense manufacturing processes and operations, weapons system design, industrial engineering, and commercial manufacturing processes and operations.

In the course of its deliberations, the committee heard briefings from DOD personnel who participate in demonstrations of the integration of commercial and military manufacturing (ICMM), DOD acquisition managers and policy makers, and representatives of commercial firms that successfully integrate military and commercial business. The committee also reviewed numerous earlier reports on ICMM, a number of which are referenced in this report. The committee considered these reports and briefings as examples of successful experiences that can become part of the normal course of business in DOD.

The committee believes that a great opportunity exists for DOD to capitalize on the availability in the next decade of flexible, highly automated commercial and dual-use production lines for subsystems and components. Commercial supply chains will routinely exchange Web-based engineering and business data that drive efficient automated parts and assembly processes. Much of the commercial technology will be useful, directly or with customization, for advanced weapons systems applications. Weapon systems integration will still be the responsibility of defense prime contractors in 2010. They will increasingly have to consider new trade-offs involving commercial parts, commercial tooling and practices, design for commercial manufacturing, and commercial product support and upgrades. However, these trade-offs will make optimal use of the commercial base if, and only if, today's barriers and disincentives are removed.

What needs to be done to increase ICMM is well documented in earlier studies and in the examples cited in Chapter 3. One of the contributions this study hopes to make is to focus the attention of DOD decision makers and prime contractors on how to motivate and institutionalize needed implementation.

Michael F.McGrath, Chair

Walter B.LaBerge, Vice Chair

Committee on Integration of Commercial and

Military Manufacturing in 2010 and Beyond

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2002. Equipping Tomorrow's Military Force: Integration of Commercial and Military Manufacturing in 2010 and Beyond. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10336.
×

Page ix

Acknowledgments

The Committee on Integration of Commercial and Military Manufacturing in 2010 and Beyond would like to thank the following individuals for their presentations: Brench Boden, Wright-Patterson AFB; Jim Fallen, M/A-COM; Jacques Gansler, University of Maryland; Larry Griffin, consultant; LTG Paul Kern, U.S. Army; Steve Linder, Office of Naval Research; Fenner Milton, U.S. Army Night Vision Center; Spiros Pallas, Office of the Secretary of Defense; Lt.Col.Walter Price, U.S. Air Force; Herm Reininga, Rockwell-Collins; Stan Soloway, Deputy Under Secretary of Defense, Acquisition Reform; Jerry Thomas, SCI Systems; Joe Thomas, M/A-COM; Larry Trowel, General Electric Aircraft Engines; and Steve Werner, SCI Systems. This committee would also like to thank Leo Plonsky, Office of Naval Research, for his assistance during the study process.

This report has been reviewed by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council's Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the authors and the institution in making the published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to the thank the following individuals for their participation in the review of this report:

Rodica A. Baranescu, Navistar International Transportation Corporation,

Richard L. Kegg, Milacron, Inc. (retired),

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2002. Equipping Tomorrow's Military Force: Integration of Commercial and Military Manufacturing in 2010 and Beyond. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10336.
×

Page x

Michael Lippitz, consultant,

Noel Longuemare, Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense, Acquisition and Technology (retired),

James B. Rice, Jr., Massachusetts Institute of Technology,

Phyllis Scales-Brown, U.S. Army Soldier and Biological Chemical Command (SBCCOM),

Anne Marie Velosa, Beaverton, Oregon, and

Jack White, Altarum Institute.

Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the conclusions or recommendations, nor did they see the final draft of the report before its release. The review of this report was overseen by James Solberg, Purdue University. Appointed by the National Research Council, he was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the authoring committee and the institution.

Finally, the committee gratefully acknowledges the support of the staff of the Board on Manufacturing and Engineering Design, including Patrick J.Doyle, Program Officer; Toni Maréchaux, Director, Board on Manufacturing and Engineering Design; and Arul Mozhi, Associate Director.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2002. Equipping Tomorrow's Military Force: Integration of Commercial and Military Manufacturing in 2010 and Beyond. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10336.
×

Page xi

Contents

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1
1     INTRODUCTION 6
    Statement of Task, 7
    Study Methodology, 7
    Definition and Scope, 8
2     A COMPELLING CASE FOR THE INTEGRATION OF COMMERCIAL AND MILITARY MANUFACTURING 10
3     CURRENT SUCCESSES IN THE INTEGRATION OF COMMERCIAL AND MILITARY MANUFACTURING 14
4     OPPORTUNITIES FOR FUTURE INTEGRATION 22
    A Spectrum of Choices for Manufacturing Integration, 23
    Integration Opportunities Enabled by Technology, 23
    Commercial Product Technology Trends, 24
5     BARRIERS TO INCREASED INTEGRATION 30
6     EDUCATION AND TRAINING 36
    Understanding the Commercial Marketplace, 37
    A Commercial Acquisition Academy, 38
    Attracting Commercial Suppliers, 39
    Research and Technology for Commercial Buying, 39
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2002. Equipping Tomorrow's Military Force: Integration of Commercial and Military Manufacturing in 2010 and Beyond. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10336.
×

Page xii

Contents

7     FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 40
    Findings, 41
    Recommendations, 44
    Discussion of Recommendations, 49
8     REFERENCES 52
APPENDICES
    A     BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS 57
    B     BRIEFINGS 61
    C     BACKGROUND AND HISTORY 63
    D     ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 68
    E     MANTECH STATUTE 70
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2002. Equipping Tomorrow's Military Force: Integration of Commercial and Military Manufacturing in 2010 and Beyond. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10336.
×
Page R1
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2002. Equipping Tomorrow's Military Force: Integration of Commercial and Military Manufacturing in 2010 and Beyond. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10336.
×
Page R2
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2002. Equipping Tomorrow's Military Force: Integration of Commercial and Military Manufacturing in 2010 and Beyond. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10336.
×
Page R3
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2002. Equipping Tomorrow's Military Force: Integration of Commercial and Military Manufacturing in 2010 and Beyond. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10336.
×
Page R4
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2002. Equipping Tomorrow's Military Force: Integration of Commercial and Military Manufacturing in 2010 and Beyond. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10336.
×
Page R5
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2002. Equipping Tomorrow's Military Force: Integration of Commercial and Military Manufacturing in 2010 and Beyond. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10336.
×
Page R6
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2002. Equipping Tomorrow's Military Force: Integration of Commercial and Military Manufacturing in 2010 and Beyond. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10336.
×
Page R7
Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2002. Equipping Tomorrow's Military Force: Integration of Commercial and Military Manufacturing in 2010 and Beyond. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10336.
×
Page R8
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2002. Equipping Tomorrow's Military Force: Integration of Commercial and Military Manufacturing in 2010 and Beyond. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10336.
×
Page R9
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2002. Equipping Tomorrow's Military Force: Integration of Commercial and Military Manufacturing in 2010 and Beyond. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10336.
×
Page R10
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2002. Equipping Tomorrow's Military Force: Integration of Commercial and Military Manufacturing in 2010 and Beyond. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10336.
×
Page R11
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2002. Equipping Tomorrow's Military Force: Integration of Commercial and Military Manufacturing in 2010 and Beyond. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10336.
×
Page R12
Next: Executive Summary »
Equipping Tomorrow's Military Force: Integration of Commercial and Military Manufacturing in 2010 and Beyond Get This Book
×
Buy Paperback | $47.00 Buy Ebook | $37.99
MyNAP members save 10% online.
Login or Register to save!
Download Free PDF

Owing to the expected nature of combat in 2010, U.S. military forces face a pressing need to transform themselves for rapid response to an unpredictable threat. Rapid advances in commercial technology (particularly in electronics), coupled with the easy access to commercial technology enjoyed by potential adversaries, will compel DOD and defense contractors to excel at integrating commercial technology into defense systems. This integration of commercial and military manufacturing (ICMM) has begun on a small scale. By 2010, it needs to increase substantially if U.S. forces are to retain a technological edge. This report assesses the opportunities for increased ICMM in 2010 and beyond, identifies barriers, and recommends strategies for overcoming them.

  1. ×

    Welcome to OpenBook!

    You're looking at OpenBook, NAP.edu's online reading room since 1999. Based on feedback from you, our users, we've made some improvements that make it easier than ever to read thousands of publications on our website.

    Do you want to take a quick tour of the OpenBook's features?

    No Thanks Take a Tour »
  2. ×

    Show this book's table of contents, where you can jump to any chapter by name.

    « Back Next »
  3. ×

    ...or use these buttons to go back to the previous chapter or skip to the next one.

    « Back Next »
  4. ×

    Jump up to the previous page or down to the next one. Also, you can type in a page number and press Enter to go directly to that page in the book.

    « Back Next »
  5. ×

    Switch between the Original Pages, where you can read the report as it appeared in print, and Text Pages for the web version, where you can highlight and search the text.

    « Back Next »
  6. ×

    To search the entire text of this book, type in your search term here and press Enter.

    « Back Next »
  7. ×

    Share a link to this book page on your preferred social network or via email.

    « Back Next »
  8. ×

    View our suggested citation for this chapter.

    « Back Next »
  9. ×

    Ready to take your reading offline? Click here to buy this book in print or download it as a free PDF, if available.

    « Back Next »
Stay Connected!