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Suggested Citation:"ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS." National Research Council. 2002. New Tools for Environmental Protection: Education, Information, and Voluntary Measures. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10401.
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Suggested Citation:"ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS." National Research Council. 2002. New Tools for Environmental Protection: Education, Information, and Voluntary Measures. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10401.
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Suggested Citation:"ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS." National Research Council. 2002. New Tools for Environmental Protection: Education, Information, and Voluntary Measures. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10401.
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Suggested Citation:"ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS." National Research Council. 2002. New Tools for Environmental Protection: Education, Information, and Voluntary Measures. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10401.
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Suggested Citation:"ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS." National Research Council. 2002. New Tools for Environmental Protection: Education, Information, and Voluntary Measures. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10401.
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Suggested Citation:"ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS." National Research Council. 2002. New Tools for Environmental Protection: Education, Information, and Voluntary Measures. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10401.
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Page 354
Suggested Citation:"ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS." National Research Council. 2002. New Tools for Environmental Protection: Education, Information, and Voluntary Measures. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10401.
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Suggested Citation:"ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS." National Research Council. 2002. New Tools for Environmental Protection: Education, Information, and Voluntary Measures. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10401.
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ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS ELAINE ANDREWS is a member of the faculty at the University of Wisconsin Cooperative Extension–Environmental Resources Center, where she specializes in community environmental management and environmental education. Her leadership of numerous state and national grant projects has resulted in long- term education partnerships with more than 20 national organizations. The au- thor of many publications, she authored the hazardous waste sections for the national pollution prevention education strategy, Farm*A*Syst/ Home*A*Syst, which won Vice President Gore’s Hammer Award for reinventing government in 1998. She holds a B.A. in biology, an M.A. in secondary science education, and an M.S. in natural resource policy and management. She is also the execu- tive director of the North American Association for Environmental Education. ALAN BALCH holds a master’s degree in environmental sciences and is a doctoral candidate in environmental studies at University of California, Santa Cruz. His dissertation work deals with sustainable resource use and the role that recycling and source reduction can play in that effort. He is coauthor of a chapter entitled “Biodiversity Politics and Policy in the U.S.,” published in the forthcoming book, The Loss of Biological Diversity, (S. Spray and K. McGloth- lin, editors, Rowman and Littlefield Publishing). THOMAS DIETZ is College of Arts and Sciences Distinguished Professor and professor of environmental science and policy and sociology at George Mason University. He holds a bachelor of general studies from Kent State University and a Ph.D. in ecology from the University of California, Davis. He is a Fellow 349

350 ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, a Danforth Fel- low, and a past president of the Society for Human Ecology, and he has received the Distinguished Contribution Award from the Section on Environment, Tech- nology and Society of the American Sociological Association. His research interests are in human ecology and cultural evolution. He has a longstanding program of scholarship on the relationship between science and democracy in environmental policy. Recent publications include Environmentally Significant Consumption: Research Directions (National Academy Press, 1997). FRANCO FURGER is an associate research professor in the School of Public Policy at George Mason University. He received his M.S. in electrical engineer- ing in 1982, and his Ph.D. in environmental sciences in 1992 from the Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich. Professor Furger’s research interests include environmental policy, science and technology policy, economic sociology, and institutional economics. Before joining the School of Public Policy in 1994, he was visiting fellow at the Institute of Social Research in Frankfurt am Main (Germany), where he conducted extensive research on the social factors affect- ing the adoption of electronic systems of payment. He has conducted extensive work on voluntary environmental initiatives at the domestic and international levels. He has also done research in science and technology policy on issues such as the effectiveness of the National Science Foundation’s Engineering Re- search Centers Program, the changing role of purchasing managers in R&D collaborations, and patterns of federal R&D spending. He is the author of several articles and two books. KATHRYN HARRISON is an associate professor of political science at the University of British Columbia. She is the author of Passing the Buck: Federal- ism and Canadian Environmental Policy (University of British Columbia, 1996), coauthor with George Hoberg of Risk, Science, and Politics: Regulating Toxic Substances in Canada and the United States (McGill-Queens University press, 1994), and coeditor with Patrick Fafard of Managing the Environmental Union (Strathy Language Unit, 2000). She has recently published articles on compara- tive environmental policy and alternative policy instruments in Governance, Pol- icy Sciences, Environmental Politics, and the Journal of Industrial Ecology. SUSAN HELMS was an associate scientist in the risk analysis group at Tellus Institute. While at Tellus, she worked with government, businesses and nongov- ernmental organizations to develop a multimedia, integrated reporting system for environmental releases. She also codeveloped a materials accounting system for a major manufacturer, applied True Cost Assessment tools to inform deci- sions on wastewater treatment, and helped develop a strategy for thoroughly integrating pollution prevention into state regulations. Ms. Helms has presented on a range of topics, including integrated environmental reporting, measuring

ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS 351 damages from methyl-mercury contamination, and assessing the extent of the market for existence values of natural resources. Prior to joining Tellus, Ms. Helms was an economist at Triangle Economic Research, where she conducted natural resource damage assessments used in settlements and litigation. Ms. Helms holds a master’s degree in environmental studies from Yale University. JEANNE HERB is manager of the Public Policy Program at Tellus Institute. In that role, she oversees Tellus’ efforts to develop and study innovative policies related to environmental management and sustainable development. Prior to joining Tellus in 1998, she was the founding director of the Pollution Prevention (P2) Program at the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. She oversaw development of the state’s P2 Act and regulations and managed its innovative P2-based multimedia permit program. She served as the agency’s lead spokesperson on pollution prevention and as vice chairperson of the Nation- al Pollution Prevention Roundtable. She also oversaw research studies on topics including pollution prevention policies, industrial environmental reporting, risk communication, public perceptions of environmental policies and incentive-based environmental regulations. She holds a bachelor’s degree in environmental stud- ies from Rutgers University (Cook College) and a master’s degree in environ- mental journalism from New York University. HAROLD R. HUNGERFORD is a professor in the Department of Curriculum and Instruction at Southern Illinois University at Carbondale. He has played a defining role in environmental education for more than 30 years. MICHAEL J. JENSEN is a research analyst at the Tellus Institute, working primarily within the business and sustainability group. His fields of interest in- clude industrial ecology and cooperative environmental strategies and their re- sulting benefits and costs, particularly policies within both the private and public sectors that foster increased accountability for environmental decisions. While at Tellus he has worked on topics that include use of environmental information by equity investment services; regional solid waste planning; evaluation of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s policies; and the revision of the Global Re- porting Initiative, a standard for corporate disclosure. As an undergraduate, he worked as a research assistant to the Industrial Environmental Management Pro- gram at the Yale University School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, where he coauthored two articles with Thomas Graedel. His joint senior thesis exam- ined the integrated resource efficiency measures of the Ford Motor Company during the 1920s and 1930s. He holds a bachelor’s degree in both history and studies in the environment from Yale University. LOREN LUTZENHISER is associate professor of sociology and rural sociolo- gy at Washington State University. His research examines changing patterns of

352 ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS technology use (and understandings of technology) and their environmental conse- quences. A particular focus of his work has been consumer energy use and conser- vation practices. He is also interested in community sustainability and the emer- gence of market-based approaches to environmental policy. He has published widely in both the social science and policy-applied literatures and is the current chair of the American Sociological Association Section on Environment and Technology. JANICE MAZUREK directs the Center for Innovation and Environment at the Progressive Policy Institute. Her work focuses on ways in which to update envi- ronmental management strategies to reflect industry restructuring, product time to market, and globalization. Previously, Mazurek advised the U.S. Environ- mental Protection Agency and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development on voluntary and market-based strategies to improve environmen- tal performance. She has also worked as a researcher at Resources for the Future (RFF) and the National Academy of Public Administration. Mazurek is the author of Making Microchips: Policy, Restructuring and Globalization in the Semiconductor Industry (MIT Press, 1999) and the coauthor with J. Clarence Davies of Pollution Control in the U.S.: Evaluating the System (RFF/Johns Hop- kins, 1998). She holds degrees in economics and regional planning from the University of California. DENNIS S. MILETI is professor and chair of the department of sociology and director of the Natural Hazards Research and Applications Information Center at the University of Colorado at Boulder. He is the cofounder and coeditor-in-chief of the journal Natural Hazards Review. Professor Mileti is the author of more than 100 publications focusing on the societal aspects of mitigation and pre- paredness for natural hazards and disasters. He recently completed a 5-year na- tional effort to assess knowledge, research, and policy needs for natural and related technological hazards in the United States. This work resulted in his most recent book, Disasters by Design: A Reassessment of Natural Hazards in the United States (Joseph Henry Press, 1999). He received his B.A. in sociology from the University of California at Los Angeles, his M.A. in sociology from California State University at Los Angeles, and his Ph.D. in sociology from the University of Colorado-Boulder. JENNIFER NASH is director of the regulatory policy program at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. Her research investi- gates why firms adopt environmental practices that go beyond regulatory re- quirements and the effectiveness of new regulatory instruments in achieving policy goals. She is the coeditor, with Cary Coglianese, of the volume Regulat- ing from the Inside: Can Environmental Management Systems Achieve Policy Goals? (Resources for the Future Press, 2001), the first book-length treatment of the public policy implications of the growing use of environmental management

ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS 353 systems. She has published articles and book chapters on the roles of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency innovative programs, environmental standards, and trade association codes of practice in environmental protection. She received a B.A. from Bryn Mawr College in anthropology and a master of city planning degree from Michigan Institute of Technology. LORI A. PEEK is a doctoral student in the department of sociology and a research assistant at the Natural Hazards Research and Applications Information Center at the University of Colorado at Boulder. She is also the assistant co- editor-in-chief of the multidisciplinary journal Natural Hazards Review. Over the past 3 years, Peek has presented and coauthored several articles in the areas of social vulnerability, environmental risk, and natural hazards and disasters. She is currently conducting dissertation research on the response of Arab and Muslim university students in the United States to the events of September 11, 2001. Peek received her B.A. in sociology from Ottawa University and her M.Ed. in human resource studies from Colorado State University. ASEEM PRAKASH is assistant professor of political science at the University of Washington-Seattle. His research investigates two questions: first, how firms and governments can respond to the challenges posed by globalization; second, how policy instruments can be designed to induce businesses to adopt environ- mentally responsible policies. He is the author of Greening the Firm: The Politics of Corporate Environmentalism (Cambridge University Press, 2000) and the coeditor (with Jeffrey A. Hart) of Globalization and Governance (Routledge, 1999), Coping with Globalization (Routledge, 2000), and Responding to Global- ization (Routledge, 2000). He received a B.A. from St. Stephen’s College (India), an M.B.A. from the Indian Institute of Management at Ahmedabad (India), and a joint Ph.D. from the department of political science and the School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington. DANIEL PRESS is associate professor of environmental studies at the Univer- sity of California, Santa Cruz, where he teaches environmental politics and poli- cy. He is the author of Democratic Dilemmas in the Age of Ecology (Duke University Press, 1994) and Saving Open Space: The Politics of Local Open Space Preservation in California (University of California Press, 2002). JOHN RAMSEY is an associate professor of Science and Environmental Edu- cation, as well as Director of Teacher Education at the University of Houston. The North American Association of Environmental Education presented him with the 2001 Research Award in Environmental Education. ALAN RANDALL is professor and chair of the department of agricultural, environmental, and development economics at the Ohio State University. He

354 ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS received his B.S. and M.S. in agricultural economics from the University of Sydney and his Ph.D. in agricultural economics from Oregon State University. His primary research areas are natural resource economics, project evaluation, and benefit cost analysis, including theory and methods of estimating environ- mental benefits and assessing environmental damages. DAVID W. REJESKI is a resident scholar at the Woodrow Wilson Center, where he directs the center’s project on foresight and governance. Most recently, he was a visiting fellow at Yale University’s School of Forestry and Environmental Studies and an agency representative from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to the White House Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ). Before moving to CEQ, he worked at the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy on a variety of technology and R&D issues. From 1990 to 1993, he headed the future studies unit at the EPA. He has written extensively on science, technology, and policy issues, in areas ranging from genetics to electronic commerce and pervasive computing. He has graduate degrees in public administration and environmental design from Harvard University and Yale University. MARK R. ROSENZWEIG is the Walter H. Annenberg Professor in the Social Sciences and professor of economics at the University of Pennsylvania. He has published numerous articles on human capital and population in both the United States and in rural populations of low-income countries, including studies on schooling investments and returns, savings, agricultural investments, deforesta- tion, migration, marriage, and fertility in environments characterized by uncer- tainty and technical change. Rosenzweig received his B.A. and Ph.D. degrees from Columbia University. JAMES SALZMAN is a professor of law at the Washington College of Law, American University. With degrees from Yale College and Harvard Law School, he worked in the environment directorate of the Organization for Economic Co- operation and Development (OECD) in Paris from 1990 to 1992, directing the work programs on environmental labeling and the “green” consumer. From 1992 to 1995, he served as the European environmental manager for Johnson Wax, supervising environmental issues in 14 countries of operation. He has advised the OECD, the United Nations Environment Program, the U.S. Environ- mental Protection Agency, and the U.S. Trade Representative on a range of policy issues and served as a visiting professor at Stanford Law School and Harvard Law School. He has published on consumption, services, and other challenges to traditional approaches to environmental protection and coauthored the leading textbook on international environmental law. P. WESLEY SCHULTZ is associate professor of psychology at California State University, San Marcos. His research interests are in applied social psychology,

ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS 355 particularly in the area of sustainable behavior. Recent books include Applied Social Psychology (Prentice-Hall, 1998) and Social Psychology: An Applied Perspective (Prentice-Hall, 2000), and he is currently completing an edited book, Psychology of Sustainable Development (Kluwer, 2002). He earned a B.A. from the University of California, Irvine, an M.A. from the University of Maine, and a Ph.D. from Claremont Graduate University. DARLEEN V. SCHUSTER is a doctoral student in preventive medicine (health behavior research) at the University of Southern California. She teaches gradu- ate courses in health communication and health behavior theory at the University of Southern California, where she serves as the coordinator of the Master in Public Health program. She received a B.A. in political science from the Univer- sity of California, Irvine, an M.A. in communications management from the University of Southern California Annenberg School for Communication, and an M.P.H. in community health education from California State University, Northridge. She is a certified health education specialist. PAUL C. STERN is study director of two National Research Council commit- tees: the Committee on the Human Dimensions of Global Change and the Com- mittee to Review the Scientific Evidence on the Polygraph. His research inter- ests include the determinants of environmentally significant behavior, particularly at the individual level, and participatory processes for informing environmental decision making. His recent books include Environmental Problems and Human Behavior (with G.T. Gardner, Allyn and Bacon, 1996), Understanding Risk: Informing Decisions in a Democratic Society (edited with H.V. Fineberg, Na- tional Academy Press, 1996), and International Conflict Resolution after the Cold War (edited with D. Druckman, National Academy Press, 2000). Stern received his B.A. from Amherst College and his M.A. and Ph.D. degrees from Clark University. MARK STEVENS is a Ph.D. candidate in urban and regional planning and a Marie Christine Kohler fellow at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. His cur- rent research on perceptions of effectiveness in planning practice is part of his broader work on the social and environmental dynamics of problem solving. He received his B.S. in environmental conservation from the University of New Hampshire and his M.S. in land resource from the University of Wisconsin- Madison, Institute for Environmental Studies. JOHN THØGERSEN is professor of economic psychology at the Aarhus School of Business. He has published extensively on environmental attitudes and behavior issues, including articles in refereed journals such as Journal of Economic Psychology, Journal of Consumer Policy, Psychology and Marketing, Environment and Behavior, International Journal of Research in Marketing, and

356 ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS Business Strategy and the Environment. He is the coordinator of the business and environment research theme at the faculty of business administration, the Aarhus School of Business, and member of the board of the Centre for Transport Research on Environmental and Health Impacts and Policy. THOMAS W. VALENTE is a professor and the director of the Master of Pub- lic Health program in the department of preventive medicine in the Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California. He specializes in health behavior, health promotion, health communication, social network analysis, and program evaluation. His writings include Network Models of the Diffusion of Innovations (Hampton Press, 1995), Evaluating Health Promotion Programs (Oxford University Press, 2002), and more than three dozen articles and chapters on family planning and reproductive health, tobacco use prevention, substance abuse prevention and treatment, and HIV/STD prevention. He received his B.S. in mathematics from Mary Washington College, his M.S. in mass communica- tion from San Diego State University, and his Ph.D. from the Annenberg School for Communication at the University of Southern California. THOMAS J. WILBANKS is a corporate research fellow at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory and leads the global change and developing country pro- grams of the laboratory. He is also an associate of the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard University. His research has largely been concerned with energy and environmental policy, sustainable development, rela- tionships between society and technology, institution building, and responses to concerns about global environmental change. A coauthored book, Global Change and Local Places, is forthcoming from Cambridge University Press. He received his B.A. from Trinity University and his M.A. and Ph.D. degrees from Syracuse University. GREG WISE, an associate professor in the Department of Community Resource Development, is currently serving as Interim Assistant Vice Chancellor, Univer- sity of Wisconsin-Extension. For more than 10 years, he served as a University of Wisconsin-Extension community development agent in Manitowoc and Sauk Counties. His community work has focused on assisting communities with strategic community development processes and leadership development. His most recent work has involved positioning UW-Extension as a leader in higher education in the definition and assessment of scholarly outreach efforts. He has presented that work at several national higher education conferences devoted to civic engagement. Prior to joining the UW-Extension, he worked for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. He holds an M.S. in Urban and Regional Planning, an M.A. in Public Policy and Administration, and a B.A. in Landscape Architecture, all from the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

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Many people believe that environmental regulation has passed a point of diminishing returns: the quick fixes have been achieved and the main sources of pollution are shifting from large "point sources" to more diffuse sources that are more difficult and expensive to regulate. The political climate has also changed in the United States since the 1970s in ways that provide impetus to seek alternatives to regulation.

This book examines the potential of some of these "new tools" that emphasize education, information, and voluntary measures. Contributors summarize what we know about the effectiveness of these tools, both individually and in combination with regulatory and economic policy instruments. They also extract practical lessons from this knowledge and consider what is needed to make these tools more effective.

The book will be of interest to environmental policy practitioners and to researchers and students concerned with applying social and behavioral sciences knowledge to improve environmental quality.

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