Explanation

C + V + R represent a sequential analysis of the necessary elements of elder mistreaatment (conduct by people in caregiver roles or other trust relationships that injures a vulnerable elder, deprives the elder of basic needs, or exposes the elder to risks of injury or deprivation); each of these elements can be operationalized descriptively for research purposes.

C includes all injuries or threats to survival or health, by whomever caused, including self-inflicted injury or “self-neglect” and predatory conduct by strangers.

V excludes cases of “ordinary” victimization and self-injurious behavior not involving vulnerability associated with aging.

R excludes self-inflicted injury and self-neglect and predatory conduct by strangers.

LD represents the subset of cases defined by C+V+R that have been included in the definition of “abuse” or “neglect” under applicable state laws and practices. (A particular statute may also include cases that do not have all of these elements.)