. "14. Elder Abuse in Residential Long-Term Care Settings: What Is Known and What Information Is Needed?." Elder Mistreatment: Abuse, Neglect, and Exploitation in an Aging America. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2003.
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Elder Mistreatment: Abuse, Neglect, and Exploitation in an Aging America
Self-report mental, emotional or nervous condition
33%
51%
42% (with diagnosis)
Moderate to severe cognitive impairment
40%
64%
44%
Received help with 1 to 2 ADLs
21%
21%
32%
Received help with 3+ ADLs
10%
20%
19%
Urinary incontinence
23%
39%
37%
Any behavioral symptom (e.g., wandering, physical aggression)
—
29%
31%
Received any psychotropic medication
41%
—
40%
Medicaid or SSI eligible
34%
71%
18%
aThe Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evalaution (ASPE) 1993 study is based on a random sample of residents in 10 states (Hawes et al., 1995a and b).
bThe 1994 North Carolina study is based on a probability sample of residents statewide (Hawes et al., 1995c).
cThe Maine data are from the resident universe (Fralich et al., 1997).
dents exhibit the characteristics that place elders at risk of abuse and neglect in other settings. First, RCFs house a population with chronic disease and significant disabilities, as shown in Table 14-4 (Fralich et al., 1997; Hawes et al., 1995a, 1995b, 1995c, 2000). In particular, residents exhibit relatively high levels of cognitive impairment or another mental health condition, with the exception of residents in relatively high-level assisted living facilities (Phillips et al., 2000). Moreover, the average age of residents and their level of functional and cognitive impairment have increased significantly over the last decade (Hawes et al., 1995a). Several studies confirm these findings of significant chronic disease and disability, including significant levels of cognitive impairment and behavioral symptoms, which place them at high risk for abuse and neglect (Fralich et al., 1997; Hawes et al., 1995a, b, c; Hodlewsky, 1998; Kane et al., 1991; National Investment Center Conference, 1998).
A second factor that places RCF residents at risk for abuse and neglect
