National Academies Press: OpenBook
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1975. Materials and Man's Needs: Materials Science and Engineering -- Volume III, The Institutional Framework for Materials Science and Engineering. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10438.
×

MATERIALS AND MAN’S NEEDS

MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON THE SURVEY OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

VOLUME III

THE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
WASHINGTON, D.C.
1975

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1975. Materials and Man's Needs: Materials Science and Engineering -- Volume III, The Institutional Framework for Materials Science and Engineering. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10438.
×
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1975. Materials and Man's Needs: Materials Science and Engineering -- Volume III, The Institutional Framework for Materials Science and Engineering. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10438.
×

MATERIALS AND MAN’S NEEDS

MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON THE SURVEY OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

VOLUME III

THE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

WASHINGTON, D.C.

1975

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1975. Materials and Man's Needs: Materials Science and Engineering -- Volume III, The Institutional Framework for Materials Science and Engineering. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10438.
×

NOTICE

MATERIALS AND MAN’S NEEDS

SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON THE SURVEY OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING (COSMAT)

The content of this Supplementary Report is part of the basis for the Summary Report of the NAS Committee on the Survey of Materials Science and Engineering. In contrast to the Summary Report, however, the views expressed here are those of the various contributors and do not necessarily represent a consensus of COSMAT.

Frontispiece: A schematic representation of the materials cycle, portraying its global nature and principal stages.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1975. Materials and Man's Needs: Materials Science and Engineering -- Volume III, The Institutional Framework for Materials Science and Engineering. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10438.
×

PREFACE

The Summary Report of the Committee on the Survey of Materials Science and Engineering (COSMAT) was published in the Spring of 1974. It was based on informational inputs generated by numerous committees, panels, and individuals. The background information has now been organized into this Supplementary Report, Volumes I to IV.

In assembling this extensive resource, a complete editorial function was not attempted. Thus, occasional redundancies and overlaps as well as some unevenness in style and coverage will be noted. There will also be found views, and perhaps contradictions, that did not make their way into the Summary Report, inasmuch as the latter reflects a consensus of COSMAT. Nevertheless, we believe that it will prove useful to the science and engineering communities, as well as to others concerned with the broader implications of technology, to have available the rich store of information that was collected by COSMAT.

We have organized the present Supplementary Report as follows:

Volume I—The History, Scope, and Nature of Materials Science and Engineering, containing Chapters 1, 2, and 3, is concerned mainly with tracing the history and evolution of materials technology, and of materials science and engineering in particular; also with describing the dimensions of the present role of materials in society; and with a study of the way in which materials science and engineering operates as a multidisciplinary field.

Volume II—The Needs, Priorities, and Opportunities for Materials Research begins, in Chapter 4, with a discussion of how materials research is related to various national goals or “areas of impact.” In Chapter 5, the results of a comprehensive survey of materials research priorities are presented, both for applied research related to these areas of impact and for basic research. Chapter 6 provides a description of several of the more prominent materials research opportunities, again both basic and applied.

Volume III—The Institutional Framework for Materials Science and Engineering (Chapter 7) describes the industrial, governmental, academic, and professional activities in materials science and engineering in the U.S. In the industrial section, emphasis is given to illustrative descriptions of materials technologies and to the roles of materials scientists and engineers in various types of industry. The governmental section describes the ways in which the federal government is involved with the performance and support of materials science and engineering. The academic section contains detailed qualitative and quantitative information on the status and trends in university education and research both in “materials-designated” and “materials-related” departments and in materials research centers. In the professional section,

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1975. Materials and Man's Needs: Materials Science and Engineering -- Volume III, The Institutional Framework for Materials Science and Engineering. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10438.
×

consideration is given to the characteristics and numbers of materials scientists and engineers, as well as to their professional activities and opportunities.

Volume IV—Materials Technology Abroad (Chapter 8) deals with many facets of materials technology, as practiced in other countries. In collecting this information, it was often difficult, or even impossible, to delineate policies and practices specific to the materials field from those pertinent to science and technology in general. In such cases, the broader situation has been reviewed on the assumption that its applicability to the materials sphere is implicit. Volume IV surveys national policies and administrative structures for science and technology, education, R & D, institutions, technology-enhancement programs, technical achievements, and international cooperation. Much of the content revolves around the general theme of technological innovation.

It is surely obvious from the magnitude of this Supplementary Report that COSMAT is enormously indebted to a wide diversity of committees and individual contributors, whose inputs and insights have proved so valuable. The COSMAT Panels, Committees, and Consultants are listed in the Summary Report. They and other individual contributors are also referred to in this Supplementary Report.

COSMAT is deeply grateful to Marguerite Meyer, Beverly Masaitis, and Judy Trimble for their indefatigable efforts in the typing and assembling of these four volumes; theirs was a prodigious task, indeed. We are also most indebted to Amahl Shakhashiri for her careful editing of these volumes.

And once again, COSMAT wishes to acknowledge the support of the National Science Foundation and the Advanced Research Projects Agency in this undertaking, carried out under the aegis of the Committee on Science and Public Policy of the National Academy of Sciences.

Morris Cohen, Chairman

William O.Baker, Vice Chairman

Committee on the Survey of Materials Science and Engineering

September 1975

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1975. Materials and Man's Needs: Materials Science and Engineering -- Volume III, The Institutional Framework for Materials Science and Engineering. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10438.
×

COMMITTEE ON THE SURVEY OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING (COSMAT)

*Morris Cohen (Chairman)

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

*William O.Baker (Vice Chairman)

Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc.

Donald J.Blickwede

Bethlehem Steel Corporation

Raymond F.Boyer

Dow Chemical Company

*Paul F.Chenea

General Motors Corporation

Preston E.Cloud

University of California, Santa Barbara

*Daniel C.Drucker

University of Illinois

Julius J.Harwood

Ford Motor Company

I.Grant Hedrick

Grumann Aerospace Corporation

Walter R.Hibbard, Jr.

Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation

*John D.Hoffman

National Bureau of Standards

Melvin Kranzberg

Georgia Institute of Technology

*Hans H.Landsberg

Resources for the Future, Inc.

Humboldt W.Leverenz

RCA Laboratories, Inc.

Donald J.Lyman

University of Utah

Roger S.Porter

University of Massachusetts

Rustum Roy

Pennsylvania State University

*Roland W.Schmitt

General Electric Company

Abe Silverstein

Republic Steel Corporation

Lawrence H.Van Vlack

The University of Michigan

Ex Officio Members

*Harvey Brooks (as former Chairman, Committee on Science and Public Policy, NAS)

Harvard University

*N.Bruce Hannay (as Chairman, National Materials Advisory Board, National Research Council, NAS-NAE)

Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc.

*Ernst Weber (as Chairman, Division of Engineering, National Research Council, NAS-NAE)

National Academy of Sciences

*  

Members of the Executive Board

Survey Directors

Alan G.Chynoweth

Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc.

S.Victor Radcliffe

Case Western Reserve University

Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1975. Materials and Man's Needs: Materials Science and Engineering -- Volume III, The Institutional Framework for Materials Science and Engineering. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10438.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1975. Materials and Man's Needs: Materials Science and Engineering -- Volume III, The Institutional Framework for Materials Science and Engineering. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10438.
×

MATERIALS AND MAN’S NEEDS

Supplementary Report of the Committee on the Survey of Materials Science and Engineering

Volume I

The History, Scope, and Nature of Materials Science and Engineering

Chapter 1:

Materials and Society

Chapter 2:

The Contemporary Materials Scene

Chapter 3:

Materials Science and Engineering as a Multidiscipline

Volume II

The Needs, Priorities, and Opportunities for Materials Research

Chapter 4:

National Objectives and the Role of Materials Science and Engineering

Chapter 5:

Priorities in Materials Research

Chapter 6:

Opportunities in Materials Research

Volume III

The Institutional Framework for Materials Science and Engineering

Chapter 7:

Industrial, Governmental, Academic, and Professional Activities in Materials Science and Engineering

Volume IV

Materials Technology Abroad

Chapter 8:

Aspects of Materials Technology Abroad

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1975. Materials and Man's Needs: Materials Science and Engineering -- Volume III, The Institutional Framework for Materials Science and Engineering. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10438.
×

TABLE OF CONTENTS FOR VOLUME III

Chapter Number

Page Number

7

 

INDUSTRIAL, GOVERNMENTAL, ACADEMIC, AND PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

 

 

   

INTRODUCTION

 

3

   

MATERIALS IN INDUSTRY

 

9

   

Principal Materials-Producing Industries

 

10

   

Metals Industry

 

10

   

Industry Structure

 

10

   

Recycling of Metals

 

14

   

Environmental Considerations

 

15

   

Inorganic Nonmetals Industry

 

19

   

Ceramic Materials

 

19

   

Construction Materials

 

25

   

Fertilizer Materials

 

25

   

Other Nonmetallic Minerals

 

25

   

Plastics Industry

 

32

   

Examples of Major Materials-Using Industries

 

40

   

Electonics Industry

 

41

   

Illustration of the Role of Materials Science and Engineering

 

41

   

Some Characteristics of the Electronics Industry

 

44

   

Processing of Semiconductor Materials

 

46

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1975. Materials and Man's Needs: Materials Science and Engineering -- Volume III, The Institutional Framework for Materials Science and Engineering. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10438.
×
   

Challenges in the Application of Solid-State Materials

 

51

   

Electric Lamp Industry

 

54

   

Container Industry

 

58

   

Glass Containers

 

59

   

Plastics Containers

 

65

   

Metal Containers

 

65

   

Paperboard Containers

 

71

   

Automobile Industry

 

75

   

Building Industry

 

90

   

Factors Affecting Materials Science and Technology

 

92

   

Materials Research and Development Emphasis

 

93

   

Materials and Standards

 

95

   

MATERIALS IN GOVERNMENT

 

98

   

Introduction

 

98

   

Structure and Funding

 

101

   

Funding

 

101

   

Governmental Laboratories

 

103

   

Department of Agriculture

 

104

   

Atomic Energy Commission

 

105

   

Department of Commerce

 

105

   

Department of Defense

 

106

   

Department of the Interior

 

107

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1975. Materials and Man's Needs: Materials Science and Engineering -- Volume III, The Institutional Framework for Materials Science and Engineering. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10438.
×
Page xiii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1975. Materials and Man's Needs: Materials Science and Engineering -- Volume III, The Institutional Framework for Materials Science and Engineering. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10438.
×
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1975. Materials and Man's Needs: Materials Science and Engineering -- Volume III, The Institutional Framework for Materials Science and Engineering. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10438.
×

LIST OF FIGURES FOR VOLUME III

Figure Number

Page Number

7.1

 

Changes in U.S. Supply and Use of Major Industrial Materials

 

 

(a)

 

U.S. Supplies and Uses of Iron

 

5

(b)

 

U.S. Supplies and Uses of Aluminum, Copper, Zinc, and Lead

 

6

(c)

 

U.S. Supplies and Uses of Plastics

 

7

7.2

 

Diagrammatic Flow of Industrial and Post-Consumer Scrap Metal

 

16

7.3

 

Consumption of Porcelain Enamels in the U.S.

 

23

7.4

 

Consumption of Whitewares in the U.S.

 

23

7.5

 

Consumption of Glass and Glass Products in the U.S.

 

24

7.6

 

Consumption of Electronic Ceramics in the U.S.

 

24

7.7

 

U.S. Supplies and Uses of Major Nonmetallic Construction Materials

 

26

7.8

 

U.S. Supplies and Uses of Major Fertilizer Ingredients

 

27

7.9

 

Price/Volume Relationship for Plastics in 1969

 

36

7.10

 

Value of Shipments of Selected Electronic Components

 

45

7.11

 

Per Unit Value of Selected Electronic Components

 

47

7.12

 

Flow of Packaging from Consumer to Disposal Site or Recycle

 

60

7.13

 

Glass-Container Industry Shipments, 1900–1975

 

61

7.14

 

Glass-Packaging Industry Structure and Flow Chart

 

63

7.15

 

Materials Requirements for Glass Containers

 

64

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1975. Materials and Man's Needs: Materials Science and Engineering -- Volume III, The Institutional Framework for Materials Science and Engineering. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10438.
×

7.16

 

Plastic-Packaging Industry Structure and Flow

 

66

7.17

 

Packaging Plastics Commonly Derived from Ethylene

 

68

7.18

 

Metal-Packing Industry Structure and Flow Chart

 

69

7.19

 

Consumption of Metal in Packaging

 

72

7.20

 

The Paper, Pulp, and Paperboard Industry, 1967

 

74

7.21

 

Recycling of Ferrous Materials in Automotive Industry, 1970’s

 

83

7.22

 

Undergraduate Enrollments in Materials-Designated Departments

 

139

7.23

 

Total Student Enrollment in Materials-Designated Departments

 

140

7.24(a)

 

Size Distribution of Graduate Materials-Designated Departments

 

141

7.24(b)

 

Full-Time Graduate Enrollments in Materials-Designated Departments as Percentage of Corresponding Engineering Graduate Enrollments

 

142

7.25

 

Proportion of Foreign Full-Time Graduate Students in Materials-Designated Departments

 

143

7.26

 

Size of Metallurgy and Materials Departments Based on Doctorates Awarded in 1970–71

 

146

7.27

 

Departmental Size Distribution Based on Doctorates Awarded

 

147

7.28

 

Departmental Size Distribution Based on Master’s Degrees Awarded

 

148

7.29

 

Departmental Size Distribution Based on Bachelor’s Degrees Awarded

 

149

7.30

 

Number of Degrees at Various Levels Awarded by Materials-Designated Departments

 

151

7.31

 

Engineering Degrees in All Fields (U.S. ECPD Schools)

 

152

7.32

 

Materials-Designated Degrees as Percentage of Corresponding Engineering Degrees at ECPD Schools

 

153

Page xvii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1975. Materials and Man's Needs: Materials Science and Engineering -- Volume III, The Institutional Framework for Materials Science and Engineering. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10438.
×

7.33

 

Alternative Subfields of Materials-Science Curricula

 

159

7.34

 

“Strength” of Graduate Programs of Materials-Designated Departments as Indicated by Modified Elton and Rogers Approach (Ph.D.’s, 1967–1971)

 

160

7.35

 

“Strength” of Graduate Programs of Materials-Designated Departments as Indicated by Modified Elton and Rogers Approach (Graduate Students, 1971)

 

161

7.36

 

Degree of “Relevance” to MSE of Various Disciplines

 

173

7.37

 

Data on Support for Materials Research at U.S. Universities in FY 1971

 

174

7.38

 

Annual Support Versus Faculty Effort Associated with University Research in Materials

 

191

7.39

 

Annual Support Versus Number of Publications at Materials Centers

 

194

7.40

 

Annual Materials-Research Support/Graduate Degrees Versus Number of Graduate Degrees

 

195

7.41

 

Relationship Between Number of FTE Faculty in Materials-Designated Departments and Departmental Research Support

 

203

7.42

 

Relationship Between Research Support Per FTE Faculty Member in Materials-Designated Departments and Departmental Research Support

 

204

7.43

 

Annual Number of Doctorates from Materials-Designated Departments in Relation to Departmental Research Support

 

206

7.44

 

Relationship Between Publication Rate and Graduate-Degree Output of Materials-Designated Departments

 

207

7.45

 

Annual Total Employment for Plastics Materials and Synthetics

 

231

7.46

 

Membership of Society of Plastics Engineers

 

232

7.47

 

BS, MS, and Doctor’s Degrees in Materials Conferred Annually, 1949–1970

 

235

7.48

 

Comparison of BS Degrees in Engineering by Selected Disciplines

 

236

Page xviii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1975. Materials and Man's Needs: Materials Science and Engineering -- Volume III, The Institutional Framework for Materials Science and Engineering. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10438.
×

7.49

 

Comparison of MS Degrees in Engineering by Selected Disciplines

 

237

7.50

 

Comparison of Doctorates in Engineering by Selected Disciplines (Part 1)

 

238

7.51

 

Comparison of Doctorates in Engineering by Selected Disciplines (Part 2)

 

239

7.52

 

Immigrant Scientists and Engineers Admitted Annually to U.S.

 

241

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1975. Materials and Man's Needs: Materials Science and Engineering -- Volume III, The Institutional Framework for Materials Science and Engineering. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10438.
×

LIST OF TABLES FOR VOLUME III

Table Number

Page Number

7.1

 

Annual Requirements for Principal Primary Materials Used in the United States

 

8

7.2

 

U.S. Demand for Selected Primary Metals, 1970 and 1985

 

11

7.3

 

U.S. Imports by Source and as Percent of Apparent Consumption, 1970

 

12

7.4

 

Byproduct Relationships for Selected Metals, 1970

 

13

7.5

 

Recovery of Metals from Scrap as Related to Total Consumption, 1970

 

17

7.6

 

Nonmetallic Minerals, 1971

 

20

7.7

 

Ceramic Industry—Total Value of Shipments

 

21

7.8

 

Production of Principal Polymers and Metals in the U.S.

 

33

7.9

 

Production of Plastic Materials by Type, 1969–1974

 

34

7.10

 

Percentage Raw Materials Make-up of Key Plastics

 

37

7.11

 

Common Fabrication Methods for Plastics

 

37

7.12

 

Materials Cycle for Plastics Industry

 

38

7.13

 

Lamp Production for U.S. Market, 1969

 

55

7.14

 

Materials Consumption Estimate for U.S. Lamp Industry, 1969

 

56

7.15

 

Distribution of Glass-Container Shipments by End-Use: 1958–1976

 

62

7.16

 

Consumption of Plastics in Packaging by End-Use: 1958 to 1976

 

67

7.17

 

Number of Cans Consumed by End-Use: 1958 to 1976

 

70

7.18

 

U.S. Production of Paperboard by Grade: 1960, 1966–1970

 

73

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1975. Materials and Man's Needs: Materials Science and Engineering -- Volume III, The Institutional Framework for Materials Science and Engineering. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10438.
×

7.19

 

Commercial Forests of the United States—509 Million Acres. Historical and Projected Timber Harvest, Growth, and Inventory

 

76

7.20

 

$13 Billion Automotive Parts Produced in Other Industries

 

77

7.21

 

Materials in Typical 1971 Four-Door Sedan

 

80

7.22

 

Selected Automotive Metals Consumption, 1969

 

81

7.23

 

Foreign Ores in a U.S. Automobile

 

82

7.24

 

Comparison of Material Cost

 

85

7.25

 

Automotive Products That Can Be Made of Either Plastic or Metal

 

87

7.26

 

New Construction

 

91

7.27

 

Direct Federal Funding of Materials Research and Development by Agency, 1971

 

99

7.28

 

Types of Education and Institutions from which Manpower in the Materials Field Is Derived

 

120

7.29

 

Materials-Designated Degree Programs

 

127

7.30

 

Materials-Designated Departmental Title Changes from 1964 to 1970

 

131

7.31

 

Data on Materials-Designated Degree Programs

 

137

7.32

 

Full-time Faculty and Postdoctorals, 1970

 

137

7.33

 

Full-Time Graduate Students by Type of Support, 1970

 

144

7.34

 

Sources of Federal Support for Full-Time Graduate Students, 1970

 

145

7.35

 

Curricula Data from 39th ECPD Annual Report, 1971

 

154

7.36

 

Distribution by Field of Science of Federal R&D Support to Universities for FY 1970

 

173

7.37

 

Universities with Materials Centers in the U.S.

 

176

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1975. Materials and Man's Needs: Materials Science and Engineering -- Volume III, The Institutional Framework for Materials Science and Engineering. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10438.
×

7.38

 

Materials Activities at Universities with Materials Centers, 1971

 

177

7.39

 

Research Capabilities of Materials Research Centers at Universities, 1971

 

179

7.40

 

Support for Materials Research at Universities, 1971

 

181

7.41

 

Research Support in Materials-Designated Departments at Universities Having Materials Centers, 1971

 

183

7.42

 

Research Output of Materials Centers (Ranked in Order of Papers/Paid Faculty)

 

193

7.43

 

Expectation and Performance of Materials Centers

 

198

7.44

 

Distribution of Areas of Faculty Research Activities in Materials-Designated Departments

 

201

7.45

 

Source of Research Support for Materials-Designated Departments, 1971

 

202

7.46

 

Estimated Number of Engineers Working in Materials Science and Engineering in 1969 (By Fields of Specialization)

 

218

7.47

 

Estimated Number of Scientists in Materials Science and Engineering in 1968 (By Fields of Specialization)

 

220

7.48

 

Total Employment (Both Blue Collar and White Collar) in U.S. Materials and Related Industries Served by the Professionals Working in the Field of Materials Science and Engineering, 1970

 

222

7.49

 

Profile of Materials Scientists and Engineers Appearing in the National Engineers Register in 1969

 

223

7.50

 

Distribution of Materials Scientists by Employment Function

 

227

7.51

 

Distribution of Materials Scientists by Type of Employer

 

228

7.52

 

Distribution of Materials Scientists By Age Grouping

 

229

7.53

 

Disciplinary Mix in R&D Laboratories

 

233

Page xxii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1975. Materials and Man's Needs: Materials Science and Engineering -- Volume III, The Institutional Framework for Materials Science and Engineering. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10438.
×

7.54

 

Rates of Unemployed Engineers by Field of Specialization, 1971

 

243

7.55

 

Projected Supply and Utilization of Engineering, Physical Sciences, and Mathematics Doctorates in the U.S. in 1980

 

245

7.56

 

Listing of Materials and Materials-Related Professional and Technical Societies

 

247

Page xxiii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1975. Materials and Man's Needs: Materials Science and Engineering -- Volume III, The Institutional Framework for Materials Science and Engineering. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10438.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1975. Materials and Man's Needs: Materials Science and Engineering -- Volume III, The Institutional Framework for Materials Science and Engineering. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10438.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1975. Materials and Man's Needs: Materials Science and Engineering -- Volume III, The Institutional Framework for Materials Science and Engineering. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10438.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1975. Materials and Man's Needs: Materials Science and Engineering -- Volume III, The Institutional Framework for Materials Science and Engineering. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10438.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1975. Materials and Man's Needs: Materials Science and Engineering -- Volume III, The Institutional Framework for Materials Science and Engineering. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10438.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1975. Materials and Man's Needs: Materials Science and Engineering -- Volume III, The Institutional Framework for Materials Science and Engineering. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10438.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1975. Materials and Man's Needs: Materials Science and Engineering -- Volume III, The Institutional Framework for Materials Science and Engineering. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10438.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1975. Materials and Man's Needs: Materials Science and Engineering -- Volume III, The Institutional Framework for Materials Science and Engineering. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10438.
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Page xvii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1975. Materials and Man's Needs: Materials Science and Engineering -- Volume III, The Institutional Framework for Materials Science and Engineering. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10438.
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Page R17
Page xviii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1975. Materials and Man's Needs: Materials Science and Engineering -- Volume III, The Institutional Framework for Materials Science and Engineering. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10438.
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Page R18
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1975. Materials and Man's Needs: Materials Science and Engineering -- Volume III, The Institutional Framework for Materials Science and Engineering. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10438.
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Page R19
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1975. Materials and Man's Needs: Materials Science and Engineering -- Volume III, The Institutional Framework for Materials Science and Engineering. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10438.
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Page R20
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1975. Materials and Man's Needs: Materials Science and Engineering -- Volume III, The Institutional Framework for Materials Science and Engineering. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10438.
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Page R21
Page xxii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1975. Materials and Man's Needs: Materials Science and Engineering -- Volume III, The Institutional Framework for Materials Science and Engineering. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10438.
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Page xxiii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1975. Materials and Man's Needs: Materials Science and Engineering -- Volume III, The Institutional Framework for Materials Science and Engineering. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10438.
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Page R23
Page xxiv Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1975. Materials and Man's Needs: Materials Science and Engineering -- Volume III, The Institutional Framework for Materials Science and Engineering. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10438.
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