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Chemical Reference Materials: Setting the Standards for Ocean Science (2002)

Chapter: Appendix D: Acronym List and Chemical Terminology

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Acronym List and Chemical Terminology." National Research Council. 2002. Chemical Reference Materials: Setting the Standards for Ocean Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10476.
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APPENDIX D
Acronym List and Chemical Terminology

ACRONYM LIST


AESOPS

Antarctic Environment and Southern Ocean Process Study

AMS

Accelerator Mass Spectrometry

AOU

Apparent Oxygen Utilization


BATS

Bermuda Atlantic Time Series


CHN

Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen

CSIA

Compound-specific Isotopic Analysis

CSK

Cooperative Study of the Kuroshivo


DIC

Dissolved Inorganic Carbon

DOC

Dissolved Organic Carbon

DOM

Dissolved Organic Matter

DOP

Dissolved Organic Phosphorus


EqPac

Equatorial Pacific


FIRI

Fourth International Radiocarbon Intercomparison


GFAAS

Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Acronym List and Chemical Terminology." National Research Council. 2002. Chemical Reference Materials: Setting the Standards for Ocean Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10476.
×

irm-GCMS

Gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry


HOT

Hawaii Ocean Time-series

HPLC

High power liquid chromatography


IAEA

International Atomic Energy Agency

ICP-MS

Inductively-Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry


JGOFS

Joint Global Ocean Flux Study


NIST

National Institute of Standards and Technology

NMR

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

NOAA

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

NRC

National Research Council

NSF

National Science Foundation


PAH

Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons

PCB

Polychlorinated biphenyl

POC

Particulate Organic Carbon

POM

Particulate Organic Matter


SCOR

Scientific Committee on Ocean Research

SeaWiFS

Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor


USGS

United States Geological Survey


WOCE

World Ocean Circulation Experiment

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Acronym List and Chemical Terminology." National Research Council. 2002. Chemical Reference Materials: Setting the Standards for Ocean Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10476.
×

NUCLIDES

227Ac

Actinium-227

26Al

Aluminum-26

241Am

Americium-241

39Ar

Argon-39

7Be

Beryllium-7

10Be

Beryllium-10

12C

Carbon-12

13C

Carbon-13

14C

Carbon-14

137Cs

Cesium-137

36Cl

Chlorine-36

129I

Iodine-129

85Kr

Krypton-85

14N

Nitrogen-14

15N

Nitrogen-15

210Pb

Lead-210

239Pu

Plutonium-239

240Pu

Plutonium-240

210Po

Polonium-210

231Pa

Protactinium-231

223Ra

Radium-223

224Ra

Radium-224

226Ra

Radium-226

228Ra

Radium-228

222Rn

Radon-222

90Sr

Strontium-90

228Th

Thorium-228

230Th

Thorium-230

232Th

Thorium-232

234Th

Thorium-234

3H

Tritium

234U

Uranium-234

235U

Uranium-235

238U

Uranium-238

COMPOUNDS

CaCO3

calcium carbonate

CO2

carbon dioxide

CO

carbon monoxide

DMS

dimethyl sulfide

N2

gaseous nitrogen

HCl

hydrochloric acid

HF

hydrofluoric acid

Mg(OH)2

magnesium hydroxide

CH4

methane

NO3

nitrate

N2O

nitrous oxide

PO4

phosphate

H3PO4

phosphoric acid

KCl

potassium chloride

Si(OH)4

silicate

AgBr

silver bromide

AgCl

silver chloride

AgNO3

silver nitrate

NaOH

sodium hydroxide

H2SO4

sulfuric acid

H2SO3

sulfurous acid

H2O

water

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Acronym List and Chemical Terminology." National Research Council. 2002. Chemical Reference Materials: Setting the Standards for Ocean Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10476.
×

FORMULAS FOR CALCULATING δ13C, δ14C, and14C

(Units in parts per thousand or per mille — ‰)

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Acronym List and Chemical Terminology." National Research Council. 2002. Chemical Reference Materials: Setting the Standards for Ocean Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10476.
×
Page 122
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Acronym List and Chemical Terminology." National Research Council. 2002. Chemical Reference Materials: Setting the Standards for Ocean Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10476.
×
Page 123
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Acronym List and Chemical Terminology." National Research Council. 2002. Chemical Reference Materials: Setting the Standards for Ocean Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10476.
×
Page 124
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Acronym List and Chemical Terminology." National Research Council. 2002. Chemical Reference Materials: Setting the Standards for Ocean Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10476.
×
Page 125
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The accuracy of chemical oceanographic measurements depends on calibration against reference materials to ensure comparability over time and among laboratories. Several key parameters lack reference materials for measurements in seawater, particles in the water column, and sediments. Without reference materials it is difficult to produce the reliable data sets or long-term baseline studies that are essential to verify global change and oceanic stability. Chemical Reference Materials : Setting the Standards for Ocean Science identifies the most urgently required chemical reference materials based on key themes for oceanographic research and provides suggestions as to how they can be developed within realistic cost constraints.

Chemical analyses of seawater are uniquely difficult given the poorly known speciation and the low concentration of many of the analytes of interest. Analyses of suspended and sedimentary marine particulate materials present their own distinct challenges, primarily due to potential interference by predominant mineral phases of different types. Of all the analytical methods applied to marine waters and particles, at present only a small fraction can be systematically evaluated via comparison to reference materials that represent the appropriate natural concentrations and matrices.

Specifically, the committee was charged with the following tasks:

- compile from available sources a list of important oceanographic research questions that may benefit from chemical reference standards;

- create a comprehensive list of reference materials currently available for oceanographic studies;
- identify and prioritize the reference materials needed to study the identified research questions;
- determine for each priority analyte whether reference materials and/or analytic methods should be standardized; and
- identify the most appropriate approaches for the development and future production of reference materials for ocean sciences.
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