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Chemical Reference Materials: Setting the Standards for Ocean Science (2002)

Chapter: Appendix E: Reference Materials Listed Within This Report

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Reference Materials Listed Within This Report." National Research Council. 2002. Chemical Reference Materials: Setting the Standards for Ocean Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10476.
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APPENDIX E
Reference Materials Listed within this Report

Any current comprehensive, printed, list of reference materials for ocean science would quickly become obsolete as new materials are produced and others go out of stock. Perhaps the most complete list produced to date is that assembled by Dr. Adrianna Cantillo of the NOAA Status and Trends Program:

Cantillo, A.Y. 1995. Standard and Reference Materials for Environmental Science (Part 1 and Part 2). NOAA Technical Memo. 94. NOAA/ NOS/ORCA, Silver Spring, MD. 752 pp.

Another list of environmentally relevant reference materials is maintained at the IAEA web-site (http://www.iaea.or.at/programmes/nahunet/e4/nmrm/). Nevertheless, new materials are produced each year, and older ones run out and are not replaced so it is important to keep such lists current.

Clearly this is an arena in which computer database technology has a major role to play. Perhaps the best developed such database is COMAR (an index Code of Reference Materials). This database tries to provide an up-to-date way to locate CRMs from all around the world. The Central Secretariat is presently housed at the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Berlin, Germany. Further information is available at the COMAR website (http://www.comar.bam.de/). Nevertheless, this database is not restricted to ocean science applications (indeed

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Reference Materials Listed Within This Report." National Research Council. 2002. Chemical Reference Materials: Setting the Standards for Ocean Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10476.
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they represent a very small fraction of available reference materials), and is not particularly user-friendly.

There is thus a need for a searchable, ocean science specific, database of currently available reference materials, and one of the recommendations of this report is that such a database be developed and maintained by the ocean science community.

Reference materials cited in this report, currently available for use in ocean science.

Identifier

Matrix

Analyzed For

Source (see footnotes)

Ocean CO2 RMs

Natural Seawater

Total Dissolved Inorganic carbon, Total Alkalinty

Dr. A. G. Dickson, U.C. San Diego(1)

DOC-CRM

Natural Seawater

Dissolved Organic Carbon

Dr. D. Hansell, U. Miami(2)

FIRI A, B ()

Kauri Wood

pMC

Dr. E. M. Scott, U. Glasgow (3)

FIRI C

Turbidite Carbonate

pMC

Dr. E. M. Scott, U. Glasgow

FIRI E

Humic Acid

pMC

Dr. E. M. Scott, U. Glasgow

FIRI G, J

Barley Mash

pMC

Dr. E. M. Scott, U. Glasgow

FIRI H

German Oak Dendro-dated Wood

pMC

Dr. E. M. Scott, U. Glasgow

FIRI I

Belfast Scots Pine Dendro-dated Wood Cellulose

pMC

Dr. E. M. Scott, U. Glasgow

FIRI K

Cambridge Dendro-wood Whole Wood & Cellulose

pMC

Dr. E. M. Scott, U. Glasgow

IAEA-315 (*)

Marine Sediment

Radionuclides

IAEA (4)

IAEA-356 (*)

Polluted Marine Sediment

Trace Elements & Methyl Mercury

IAEA

IAEA-368 (*)

Marine Sediment

Radionuclides

IAEA

IAEA-381

Natural Seawater

Radionuclides

IAEA

IAEA-383 (*)

Marine Sediment

Organic Contaminants

IAEA

IAEA-384 (*)

Lagoon Sediment

Radionuclides

IAEA (available soon)

IAEA-408 (*)

Marine Sediment

Organic Contaminants

IAEA

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Reference Materials Listed Within This Report." National Research Council. 2002. Chemical Reference Materials: Setting the Standards for Ocean Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10476.
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Identifier

Matrix

Analyzed For

Source (see footnotes)

IAEA-C1

Carrara Marble

δ13C, pMC

IAEA

IAEA-C2

Freshwater Travertine

δ13C, pMC

IAEA

IAEA-C3

Cellulose, 1989 Growth of Tree

δ13C, pMC

IAEA

IAEA-C5

Sub-fossil Wood E. Wisconsin Forest

δ13C, pMC

IAEA

IAEA-C6

Sucrose (ANU)

δ13C, pMC

IAEA

IAEA-CO-1

CaCO3 (Carrara Marble)

δ13C

IAEA

IAEA-CO-8

 

(IAEA-KST)

CaCO3 (Calcite)

δ13C

IAEA

IAEA-CO-9

 

(IAEA-NZCH)

Barium Carbonate

δ13C

IAEA

LSVEC

 

SRM 8455

Lithium Carbonate

δ13C

IAEA (out of stock at NIST)

SRM 1648 (*)

Urban Atmospheric Particulate

Trace Elements

NIST(5)

SRM 1649A (*)

Urban Dust

Organic Constituents

NIST

SRM 1650A (*)

Diesel Particulate

Organic Constituents

NIST (being replaced)

SRM 1939 (*)

River Sediment

PCBs & Chlorinated Pesticides

NIST

SRM 1941B (*)

Marine Sediment

Various Organics

NIST (in prep.)

SRM 1944 (*)

New York/New Jersey Waterway Sediment

Various Organics

NIST

SRM 1945 (*)

Whale Blubber

PCBs & Chlorinated Pesticides

NIST

SRM 4321C

1 M HNO3

238U, 235U, 234U

NIST

SRM 4325

BeCl2 solution

10Be/9Be

NIST

SRM 4339B

1.4 M HCl ?

228Ra

NIST (in prep.)

SRM 4350B

River Sediment

Radionuclides

NIST

SRM 4357

Marine Sediment

Radionuclides

NIST

SRM 4361C

Water

3H

NIST

SRM 4969

1.5 M HCl

226Ra

NIST

SRM 4990C

Oxalic Acid Powder

14C

NIST

RM 8452

Sucrose (ANU)

δ13C, pMC

NIST

SRM 8454

CaCO3

δ13C, δ18O

NIST, IAEA

NBS 19 (TS-limestone)

 

RM 8539

Oil

δ2H, δ13C

NIST, IAEA

NBS 22

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Reference Materials Listed Within This Report." National Research Council. 2002. Chemical Reference Materials: Setting the Standards for Ocean Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10476.
×

Identifier

Matrix

Analyzed For

Source (see footnotes)

RM 8540 PEF1

Polyethylene

δ2H, δ13C

NIST, IAEA

IAEA-CH-7

 

RM 8541

C (graphite)

δ13C

NIST, IAEA

USGS24

 

RM 8562

CO2 gas

δ13C

NIST, IAEA

RM 8563

CO2 gas

δ13C

NIST, IAEA

RM 8564

CO2 gas

δ13C

NIST, IAEA

IAEA-NGS1

Natural Gas (Coal)

δ2H, d13C

NIST-ACG(6)

IAEA-NGS2

Natural Gas (Oil)

δ2H, d13C

NIST-ACG

IAEA-NGS3

Natural Gas (Biogenic)

δ2H, δ13C

NIST-ACG

HISS-1 (*)

Marine Sediment

Trace Metals

NRC-IMB, Canada(7)

HS-3B (*)

Harbor Sediment

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

NRC-IMB, Canada

HS-4B (*)

Harbor Sediment

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

NRC-IMB, Canada

HS-5 (*)

Harbor Sediment

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

NRC-IMB, Canada

HS-6 (*)

Harbor Sediment

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

NRC-IMB, Canada

SES-1 (*)

Estuarine Sediment

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

NRC-IMB, Canada

CARP-2 (*)

Ground Whole Carp

Organochlorine Compounds

NRC-INMS, Canada(8)

DOLT-2 (*)

Dogfish Liver

Trace Metals

NRC-INMS, Canada

DORM-2 (*)

Dogfish Muscle

Trace Metals

NRC-INMS, Canada

LUTS-1 (*)

Non-defatted Lobster Hepatopancreas

Trace Metals

NRC-INMS, Canada

MESS-3 (*)

Marine Sediment

Trace Metals

NRC-INMS, Canada

NASS-5

Natural Seawater

Trace Metals

NRC-INMS, Canada

PACS-2 (*)

Marine Sediment

Trace Metals

NRC-INMS, Canada

TORT-2 (*)

Lobster Hepatopancreas

Trace Metals

NRC-INMS, Canada

IAPSO Standard Seawater

Natural Seawater

Salinity

Ocean Scientific International Ltd.(9)

CSK Standard Solutions (various)

3.05% NaCl Solution

Nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, silicate

Wako Pure Chemical Industries(10)

CSK Standard Solution

Potassium Iodate (0.0100N)

For oxygen titration

Wako Pure Chemical Industries

MAG-1 (*)

Marine Sediment

Elemental Composition

USGS(11)

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Reference Materials Listed Within This Report." National Research Council. 2002. Chemical Reference Materials: Setting the Standards for Ocean Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10476.
×

Table Footnotes

†4th International Radiocarbon Intercomparison (Bryant et al., 2001; Boaretto et al., in press): http://www.stats.gla.ac.uk/~marian/intercomp.html

*These RMs were suggested in Table 4.2 as materials that could be useful for organic analyses (though not explicitly designed for such constituents).

Sources for RMs mentioned in Table:

(1) Dr. Andrew Dickson: http://www-mpl.ucsd.edu/people/adickson/CO2_QC/ (Contact: co2rms@mpl.ucsd.edu)

(2) Dr. Dennis Hansell: http://www.bbsr.edu/Labs/hanselllab/crm.html (Contact: wenchen@rsmas.miami.edu)

(3) Prof E M Scott, Dept of Statistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QW UK (marian@stats.gla.ac.uk)

(4) IAEA: http://www.iaea.org/programmes/aqcs/

(5) NIST: http://ts.nist.gov/ts/htdocs/230/232/232.htm

(6) NIST Atmospheric Chemistry Group: http://www.cstl.nist.gov/div837/837.01/outputs/standards/StdMat.htm

(7) NRC-IMB, Canada: http://www.imb.nrc.ca/crmp_e.html

(8) NRC-INMS, Canada: http://www.ems.nrc.ca/ems1.htm

(9) Ocean Scientific: http://www.oceanscientific.com/seawaterdivision.htm

(10) Although these were originally distributed by the Sagami Chemical Research Center, they are now available from Wako Pure Chemical Industries through their on-line catalog (Keyword: CSK): http://www.wako-chem.co.jp/specialty/

(11) U.S. Geological Survey: http://minerals.cr.usgs.gov/geo_chem_stand/

Additional sources for Reference Materials:

(1) A limited selection of environmental reference materials is also available from the European Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements in Belgium: http://www.irmm.jrc.be/

(2) International Steering Committee for Black Carbon Reference http://www.du.edu/~dwismith/bcsteer.html

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Reference Materials Listed Within This Report." National Research Council. 2002. Chemical Reference Materials: Setting the Standards for Ocean Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10476.
×
Page 126
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Reference Materials Listed Within This Report." National Research Council. 2002. Chemical Reference Materials: Setting the Standards for Ocean Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10476.
×
Page 127
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Reference Materials Listed Within This Report." National Research Council. 2002. Chemical Reference Materials: Setting the Standards for Ocean Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10476.
×
Page 128
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Reference Materials Listed Within This Report." National Research Council. 2002. Chemical Reference Materials: Setting the Standards for Ocean Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10476.
×
Page 129
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Reference Materials Listed Within This Report." National Research Council. 2002. Chemical Reference Materials: Setting the Standards for Ocean Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10476.
×
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The accuracy of chemical oceanographic measurements depends on calibration against reference materials to ensure comparability over time and among laboratories. Several key parameters lack reference materials for measurements in seawater, particles in the water column, and sediments. Without reference materials it is difficult to produce the reliable data sets or long-term baseline studies that are essential to verify global change and oceanic stability. Chemical Reference Materials : Setting the Standards for Ocean Science identifies the most urgently required chemical reference materials based on key themes for oceanographic research and provides suggestions as to how they can be developed within realistic cost constraints.

Chemical analyses of seawater are uniquely difficult given the poorly known speciation and the low concentration of many of the analytes of interest. Analyses of suspended and sedimentary marine particulate materials present their own distinct challenges, primarily due to potential interference by predominant mineral phases of different types. Of all the analytical methods applied to marine waters and particles, at present only a small fraction can be systematically evaluated via comparison to reference materials that represent the appropriate natural concentrations and matrices.

Specifically, the committee was charged with the following tasks:

- compile from available sources a list of important oceanographic research questions that may benefit from chemical reference standards;

- create a comprehensive list of reference materials currently available for oceanographic studies;
- identify and prioritize the reference materials needed to study the identified research questions;
- determine for each priority analyte whether reference materials and/or analytic methods should be standardized; and
- identify the most appropriate approaches for the development and future production of reference materials for ocean sciences.
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