> (HMeHyeMoe Payee Py~cooodcmeo) peso
rIo'~TBep;K'D;aeT rJIy6oK~o y6e;K'D;eHHocTB B TOM, IITO BCe JInLla, ocy~ecTBJIHIo~He
yxo~ 3a *HBOTHuMn H~n ncrIo~B3yIo~He ux B HaylIHuX 3KcrIepuMeHTax,
y~e6HoM rite ~n ncrI~TaH~x, HeCyT oTBeTcTBeHHocTB 3a ux ~3HB
3~opoBBe. Ilo~o~eHH~ py~coffo~cmffa BcTyrIaIoT B ~enCTBue TO~BKO Brioche
right pemeHH~ o6 ~CHO~B30BaHHU *HBOTHuX B Hay~HuX 3KCHepuMeHTaX,
y~e6HoM rite ~n ncrI~TaH~x. pemeH~' CBH3aHHMe C Heo6xo~HMocTBIo
ncrIo~B3oBaHH~ *HBOTHEIX, He BXO~HT B Kpyr BorIpocoB, paCCMaTpuBaeMBIX
~aHHEIM Py/COffO0CmffOM; O~HaKO C MOMeHTa rIp~H~TH~ TaKOrO pemeHH~
oTBeTcTBeHHocTB 3a *~3HB ~ 3~oposBe *HBOTHEIX so3~araeTcH Ha
nccJIe~oBaTeJIH. ,~orIoJIHuTeJIBHEIe o6~3aHHocTH nccJIe~oBaTeJI~ ~ ~pyroro
rIepcoHaJIa 6oJIee rIo~po6Ho paccMaTpuBaloTcH B rJI. 1.
LteJIB ~aHHoro py~coffo~cmffa—crIoco6cTBoBaTE pacrIpocTpaHeHHIo
ryMaHHoro OTHOmeHH~ K *HBOTHEIM, ncrIo~B3yeMBIM B 6HoMe~nHcKHx ~
rIoBe~eHHecKHx nCC~e~OBaH~X, y~e6HoM rIpo~ecce ~ ncrIBITaH~x; OCHOBHaH
ero 3a~aHa — rIpe~ocTaBuTB nH~opMa~HIo, KOTOpaH crIoco6cTBoBa~a 6BI
y~ylIIIIeHnIo yC~OBHn co~ep~aHH~ *HBOTHEIX, rIoBBIIIIeHnIo KalIeCTBa
6HoMe~nHcKHx ncc~e'~oBaHHn ~ pacmnpeHHIo o6~eMa 3HaHHn O 6Ho~ornn
KaK He~oBeKa7 TaK ~ *HBOTHEIX. B XX BeKe ncrIo~B3oBaHHe *HBOTHEIX B
KaHeCTBe o6~eKTa nCC~e~OBaHHn BO MHOrOM crIoco6cTBoBa~o KpyrIHenmuM
~OCT~eH~M B HayKe ~ Me~nHe ~ Leader, Stark, 1 987] . XOTH Y~eHEIMU TaK*e
pa3pa60TaHEI MO~e~H HpOBe~eHH~ Hay~HEIX ~CC~e~OBaHHU, oGy~eHn~ ~n
ncrIBITaHHn 6e3 ncrIo~B3oBaHH~ *HBOTHEIX [NRC 1 977; CM. rIpH~. A:
>], OHn 3alIacTyIo He MOryT rIoJIHocTBIo HMuTHpoBaTB
C~O*HEIn opraHH3M lIe~oseKa ~n ~BOTHOrO; rIo3ToMy ~a~BHenIIInn rIporpecc
1
1
OCR for page 2
2 PYKOBO~CTBO no CO~EP~AHBlO BBC770!1LL30BAHBlO~OPATOPHL~^BOTHL
B. tee obecr~e~eH~ a,~OpOBEH ~ 6~arococTo5lH~ He~oBeKa ~ ~BOTH~X Tpe6yeT
~KCHepUMeHTa~BHOH pa60TM C ~B~MU 06~eKTaMH. TeM He MeHee, HeO6XO~HMO
TIpO,~O~*aTB ye, Har~pas~eHHme Ha paspaboTKy ~ r~puMeHeHne Hay~HO
060CHOBaHH~X a~BTepHaTHBH~X Modeled, ~OHO~HUTe~BH~X HO~XO~OB, a TaK*e
Ha yCOBepIIIeHCTBOBaHlIe lICC3Ie~OBaHHU Ha ~BOTH~X.
B HacTo~meM Py~cooodcmee rot, ~a60paTOpH~MU ~BOTH~MU HOHUMalOTCH
~o6me HO3BOHO~HMe (HaUpUMep, ~BOTHMe, Tpa~HOHHO ~CHO~B3yeMMe B
a6opaTopHux ~KCHepUMeHTaX, Ce~BCKOX03HHCTBeHHMe, ~nKne ~ BOTHER
*HBOTHMe), KOTOpMe HpUMeHSIlOTCH ~~H HEX ~CC~e~OBaHHU, oGy~e
~n ncr~uTaHnn. B comae Heo6Xo~HMocTH, B TeKCTe HpUBO~HTCH ~C~IOHeH~
MIMI CTIe~Ha~BHMe OrOBOpK~, KaCalO~HeCH Ce~BCKOXO3~HCTBeHH~X *HBOTH~X.
B py~coffo~cmffe HeT crIe~Ha~EHux pas,~e~oB, rue 6M paccMaTpHsa~ncE
Ce3IBCKOXO3~HCTBeHHMe ~BOTHMe, ~CHO~B3yeMMe B Ce~BCKOXO3~HCTBeHH~X
~KCHepUMeHTaX ~H 06y~eHHU, ~HKHe ~H BO~HMe ~BOTHMe, ~CC~e~yeMMe B
uX eCTeCTBeHHOn Impede o6nTaHH~, paBHO KaK ~ 6ecrIosBoHo~HMe *HBOTHMe,
~CHO~B3yeMMe B Hay~H~X ~CC~e~OBaHH~X; O~HaKO, 06~He Hp~H~HM,
OHUC~BaeMMe B Py~cooodcmee, BO MHOrOM Hp~O~MM K BTHM B~aM ~BOTH~X
lI yC3IOBlISIM lIX co,~ep~aH~.
IIOCTAHOBJIEHlIlI, IIPABlIJIA 11 IlPlIHL\lIIlbI
HaCTOSI~HM Py~cooodcmeo~ HO~TBep*~aIOTCH 06~3aHHOCTH
lICCJIe~OBaTe~eH, C~OpMy~HpOBaHHMe B ~p~H~HaX HpaBUTe~BCTBa C~ B
OTHOIIIeHlIlI lIplIMeHeHlISI lI CO~ep~aHH~ H03BOHO~HEIX *HBOTHEIX,
~CHO~B3yeMBIX B ~CHEITaHH~X, Hay~HEIX ~CC~e~OBaHH~X ~ 06y~eHHU [I~C
1985; CM. Hp~. ti. TO~KOBaHHe ~ HpUMeHeHHe BTUX Hp~H~HOB, a TaK*e
HacTo~mero Py~cooodcmea Tpe6yIoT rIpo~eccuoHa~BHon rIo'~roTosKn. B ~e~oM
yrIOM~HyTEIe rIp~HLlurIBI rIo,~ep*HBaIoT:
pa3pa6oTKy ~ peaJIn3aLlHIo rIpoLle'~yp C y`IeToM ux 3HalIeHH~ WI~ 3,~0pOBEH
He~oBeKa ~ *HBOTHEIX, pa3BuTH~ HayKH ~n 6~arococTo~H~ o6~ecTBa.
tIcrIo~B3oBaHHe rIo'~xo'~nx B~,~OB *HBOTHEIX cooTBeTcTByIo~ero
KaHeCTBa ~ B HeO6XO,~HMBIX KO~eCTBaX.
ycTpaHeHHe ~n cBe'~eHHe ,~o M~HuMyMa,~nCKOM~OpTa, '~ncTpecca ~ 60~n
IplI yC3IOBlIlI lIO3IylIeHlISI ~OCTOBepHEIX Hay~HEIX pe3y~BTaTOB.
IlpUMeHeHHe COOTBeTCTByIO~UX Ce~aTHBHEIX upenapaTos, aHa~BreT~KOB
lIJIlI aHeCTeTlIKOB.
OrIpe,~eJIeHne KOHelIHEIX TOHeK 3KCHepUMeHTa.
0 6 e crI eH e H ~ e ,~ O~*H OrO yxo,~a 3 a *HB OTHEIMn, KO HTp O~Hpye M OrO
OCyILleCTB3ISIeMOrO KBa3IlI~HpOBaHHEIM HepCOHa~OM.
Ilpose,~eHne 3KcrIepuMeHTa~BH~Ix rIpoue,~yp Ha *HBBIX 06~eKTaX
lICK3IIOHUTe~BHO KBa~HpOBaHHEIM ~ OHEITHEIM HepCOHa~OM H0
Ha6~o,~eHneM cr~euna~ncTos.
B o6~eM7 MO*HO CKa3aTB, HTO 3TH Hp~H~BI 06yC~OB~HBaIOT
OTBeTCTBeHHOCTB ~CC~e~OBaTe~eH. ~e~Te~BHOCTB KOTODBIX B OTHO~eHHU
. . . . . .
lICTIO3IB30BaHH~ *HBOTHEIX HO~e*HT KOHTpO~IO CO CTOpOHEI KOMUCCHU H0
CO~ep~aHUIO ~ ~CHO~B30BaHUIO *HBOTHEIX, C03~aHHOH HpH y~pe~eHHU
(IACUC).
BUBapHU ~ HpOrpaMMBI ~CHO~B30BaHH~ *HBOTHEIX ~O~*HEI pa60TaTB B
OCR for page 3
BBE~EH~E
3
COOTBeTCTBHU C HaCTOSI~HM Py~cooodcmeo~, IIOCTaHOB~eHHeM O samuTe
~BOTH~X (Animal Welfare Regulation - AWR) [SFR, 1985i, Ilpas~aMn rho
ryMaHHOMy CO~ep~aHHIO ~ ~CHO~B3OBaHHIO ~a60paTOpH~X *HBOTH~X c~y*6m
a'~pasooxpaHeHn~ (Public Health Service Policy on Humane Care and Use of
Laboratory Animals - PHS Policy) [PHS, 1996] ~ ,~pyrnMn r~puMeH~eMuMn
pa~BH~MU (CM. opt. B ~ F), Hp~H~T~MU ATOM ~ MeCTH~MU SaKOHaM~
IpaBlIJIaMlI lI lIHCTpyK~MH.
,~orIoJIHuTeJI~Hy~o nH~opMaL~o rIo pa3se,~eHn~o, yxo,~y ~ co,~ep~aHn~o, a
TaK*e ~CHO~B3OBaHHIO HeKOTOp~X BLAB ~a60paTOpH~X *HBOTH~X MO*HO
HaUTH B pax Hy6~HKa~X, HO~rOTOB~eHH~X ~HCTHTyTOM peCypCOB
~a60paTOpH~X *HBOTH~X (ILAR) ~ ,~pyrnMn opraHn3aun~Mn (CM. opt. A).
~0rpa~HeCKHU yKa3aTe~E K ~aHHOMy Py~OffO0Cmffy Hpe~OCTaB~HeT
IlITaTe3IIO ~OCTyD K ~OHO~HUTe~BHOH UH~OpMa~H, HO~TBep*~aIO~eH
rIo~o~eH~ py~coffo~cmffa ~n 3HaKoMR~en era C UH~MU B3r~q~aMH.
KPlITEPlIll OL\EHKlI
tee py~coffo~cmffo so3~araeT Ha demo, ncrI0~3yI0~ee
3KCTIeplIMeHTa3IBHEIX *HBOTHEIX, BCIO OTBeTCTBeHHOCTB 3a ~OCTH*eHHe
C~OpMyJInpOBaHHEIX 3a'~alI' HO lIpe~OCTaB~HeT eMy HpaBO BBI60pa Cpe~CTB ~~H
UX ~OCTH*eHHH. TaKOn > HO~XO~ Hpe~CTaB~HeTCH
~e~eCO06pa3HEIM, HOCKO~BKy MHOrHe HOKa3aTe~H (HaUpUMep, B~ *HBOTHEIX,
lIX lIpe~eCTByIO~H aHaMHe3, XapaKTepUCT~KH BUBapH~, OHEIT
06C~y~Balo~ero HepCOHa~a ~ 3a~aHU KOHKpeTHOrO ~CC~e~OBaH~) ~e~alOT
~OpMa~BHEIU (>) HO~XO~ HeUpaKTHUHEIM ~ He~e~aTe~BHEIM.
> CTaH~apTEI nHor~a OKa3BIBaIOTCH HO~e3HEIMU ~H HO~y~eH~
lICXO~HEIX ~aHHEIX; O~HaKO B OT~He OT > CTaH~apTOB OHU He
orIpe,~e~IoT L~e~B ~n pe3y~BTaT (TaKne KaK 3a~nTa ~BOTHEIX, CaHlITapHEIe
Tpe60BaHUSI ~H 6e30HaCHoCTB HepCOHa~a) B B~e 06~eKTHBHEIX KpUTepHeB.
~OpMa~BHEIU HO~XO~ ~CK~IOHaeT B03MO*HOCTB UHTepUpeTa~HH H~H
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MeTO~BI ~n B03H~KaIOT HeO*~aHHEIe CHTya~. ~paKT~eCKHe CTaH~apTEI
lIO,~pO6HO OlIpe,~e~HIOT pe3y~BTaT ~ obecrIe~nsaIoT KpUTepHU ~H O~eHKH
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orInpaeTc~ Ha MHeHlIe lI cy*,~eHne rIpO~eCCHOHaJIa,~JI~ ~OCTH*eHH
r~pe,~r~o~araeMoro pe3y~TaTa. B or~TuMa~Hon cuTyaunn ~opMa~H~In
lIpaKTWIeCKlIlI lIO~XO~BI ~O~HEI B3aHMHO ~OHO~H~TB ~pyr ~pyra, obecne~nsa~,
C O~HOH CTOpOHEI, C06~IO~eHHe OUpe~e~eHHEIX CTaH~apTOB, a c ~pyron,
~ODyCKaH rH6KOCTB B Hp~H~THU pe~eHHU, HpO~HKTOBaHHEIX KOHKpeTHOH
C~TyaL~e~. YIIeH~Ie, BeTep~Hap~I, 300TeXH~Ku ~ ,~pyrne CrIeL~naJInCT~I
06JIa~aIOT 06~HpHEIM OHEITOM ~ UH~OpMa~HeH, OXBaTEIBaIO~eH MHOrHe TeMBI,
paCCMaTplIBaeMBIe B ~aHHOM Py~OffO0Cmffe. ~CC~e~OBaHH~ H0 ~CHO~B30BaHUIO
0paTOpHEIX *HBOTHEIX HpO~O~*aIOT ~aBaTB Hay~HyIO UH~OpMa~HIO,
KOTOpaSI ~O~*Ha yHUTEIBaTBCH HpH O~eHKe HpaKTHHeCKHX ~ ~OpMa~BHEIX
C~e~yeT HMeTb B B~y, HTO ~aHHOe ~KOffOdCmffO COCTaB~eHO ~ MHOrOHUC~eHHOH
rpyr m HaLlnOHa]IbHuX lI Me*,~yHapO,~HuX nHcTuTyTos ~ opraHn3aLInn, Ha
MHOrHe H3 KOTOp~X He paCHpOCTpaHHIOTCH AWRs n~n PHS Policy; ~Ua ~
opraHn3aunn, no~b3y~0~nec~ AWRs n~n PHS Policy, ~O~*HM ~eUCTBOBaTb
COr]IaCHO lI3JIO*eHHLIM B HlIX IIpaB~IaM.
OCR for page 4
4 PYKOBO~CTBO no CO~EP~AHBlO BBC770!1LL30BAHBlO~OPATOPHL~^BOTHL~
CTaH~apTOB. u0 HeKOTOp~M BOUpOCaM HMeIO~a~CH UH~OpMa~H
He~OCTaTO~Ha, HTO ~e~aeT HeO6XO~HMMM HpO~O~*eHHe ye HO RIO
MeTO~OB CO~ep~aH~ ~ ~CHO~B30BaH~ ~BOTHEIX.
~aHHOe ~KOffO0CmffO He RHO HaHUCaHO B o6~nx s~Ipa~eH~x, ~To6m
co,~ep~amnec~ B HeM peKOMeH~a~H Moran HaUTH HpUMeHeHHe B CaM~X
pa3HEIX UHCTHTyTaX ~ yC~OB~X, B KOTOpLIX OCy~eCTB~HeTCH pa3Be~eHHe ~H
CHO~B30BaHHe *HBOTHEIX ~~H Hay~HEIX ~CC~e~OBaHHU, o6yUeHH~ H~H
~CHEITaHHH; B no~o6Horo polka ~oKyMeHTax one alpaca ~ peKoMeH~a~n
SIB~SlIOTCH HaCTO~Te~BHOH HeO6XO~HMOCTBIO. TaKOH HO~XO~ Hpe~HO~araeT, HTO
HO~B30BaTe~H, KOMUCCHU HO CO~ep~aHUIO ~ ~CHO~B30BaHUIO ~a60paTOpHEIX
*HBOTHEIX, C03~aHHEIe HpH y~pe*~eHH~x (IACUCs), seTep~Hap~I ~
HpOH3BO~HTe~H 6y~yT HpH6eraTB K MHeHUIO HpO~eCCHOHa~OB HpH BBIpa60TKe
KOHKpeTHEIX pe~eHHU B OTHO~eHHU CO~ep~aH~ ~ ~CHO~B30BaH~ ~BOTHEIX.
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K]IIOHeBaH pond B UHTepUpeTa~H, KOHTpO~e ~ O~eHKe UHCTHTyTCKHX HpOrpaMM
CO~ep~aH~ ~ ~CHO~B30BaH~ ~BOTHEIX. ~aCTO B03H~KaeT BOUpOC O TOM, KaK
B py~coffo~cmffe ynoTpe6~HIoTcH C~OBa > ~ > ~ KaK IACUCs
~O~*HEI UX TO~KOBaTB B H~aHe HpHOpUTeTOB. B ~e~oM7 r~aro~ >
yrIoTpe6~eTc~ rIpu orIncaHnn o6~nx HpOrpaMMHEIX ~H OCHOBHEIX aCHeKTOB,
KoTopLIe7 rIo MHeHnIo KoMuTeTa rIo rIepecMoTpy Py~cooodcmea, ~B~HIOTCH
o6~3aTeJIBHEIMH. tJIaroJI > yrIoTpe6JI~eTcH KaK HacTo~TeJIBHaH
peKOMeH,~a~H ,~H ,~OCTH*eHH~ orIpe'~e~eHHon ~e~. o'~HaKo KOMuTeT
HpH3HaeT, HTO KOHKpeTHEIe 06CTO~Te~BCTBa MOryT OUpaB~aTB a~BTepHaTHBHEIU
lIO~XO~ K HpUMeHeHUIO ~aHHEIX TepM~HOB.
CEJlbCKOX031111CTBEHHbIE ~KlIBOTHbIE
t,ICHO~B30BaHHe Ce~BCKOX03~HCTBeHHEIX *HBOTHEIX B Hay~HEIX
~CC~e~OBaHH~X, oGy~eHnn ~ nCHEITaHH~X HaCTO HO~pa3~e~HIOT Ha ux
ncrIo~B3osaHHe ,~H 6HoMe'~nHcKHx ~n ,~H ce~BcKoxo3~ncTBeHHEIx 3a,~aH,
ncxo'~H H3 HpaBUTe~BCTBeHHEIX ~HpeKTHB (AWRS), Be~OMCTBeHHEIX
lIHCTpyK~H, a~M~HUCTpaTHBHOH CTpyKTypLI, ~CTO~H~KOB ( 3HHaHCHpOBaH~
~n KoHKpeTHEIx 3a,~aH rIo~B30saTe~q. TaKoe pa3,~e~eHne rIpuse~o K HOSIB~eHUIO
~BO~HOH CHCTeMBI C pa3~HHEIMU KpUTepH~MU ~H O~eHKH HpOTOKO~OB
CTaH~apTOB pa3Me~eHH~ ~ CO~ep~aHH~ *HBOTHEIX O~HOrO BH~a,
OplIeHTlIpOBaHHOlI Ha peIIIeHHe OHOMe~HHCKHX ~n Ce~BCKOX03~HCTBeHHEIX
ncc~e'~oBaTe~BcKHx 3a,~aH [Stricklin, Mench, 1994~. B oTHomeHnn HeKoTop~Ix
ncc~e'~oBaHHU TaKoe pa3~e~eHHe HOH~THO. HaUpUMep, ncHo~B3oBaHHe
~BOTHEIX KaK MO,~eJIen ,~ H3y~eH~ 3a6oJIeBaHHn IIeJIOBeKa, TpaHC~aHTaLlHn
OpraHOB ~ 06~HpHEIX x~pyprnHecKHx orIepa~n OTHOCHTCH K KaTeropHn
6~0Me~HHEI, Tor~a KaK ~CC~e~OBaH~ H0 HO~y~eHUIO HpO~OBO~BCTBeHHEIX
~ KOpMOBBIX Ky~BTyp, B HaCTHOCTH ncrIBITaHH~ pe~MOB KOpM~eH~, 06~mHo
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pa3rpaHlIIIeHlIe IIaCTO OKa3BIBaeTCH paC~BIBHaTEIM, KaK 3TO HMeeT MeCTO B
cJIylIae nCCJIe,~OBaHH~ HeKOTOpLIX 3a6oJIeBaHHn ~ ,~HeT. A~M~HucTpaTopLI7
KOHTpO~epLI ~ IACUCs Hepe,~KO oKa3BIBaIoTcH rIepe~ ~eMMOn rIpH pemeHHH
KaK BecTH rIo,~o6HEIe ncc~e'~oBaH~ [Stricklin et al., 1990~.
tICTIO~B30BaHHe Ce~BCKOX03SInCTBeHHEIX *HBOTHEIX B HaylIHEIX
lICC3Ie~OBaHH~X C~e~yeT paCCMaTpUBaTE C H03~H TeX ~e aTu~ecKnx
KaTeropun, KoTop~Ie rIpuMeH~IoTc~ rIpu ncrIo~B30saHnn ,~pyrux *lIBOTHEIX,
OCR for page 5
BBE~EH~E
s
He3aBUCHMO OT HEX 3a,~aH, KOTOpMe CTaBUT Leper cotton ncc~e~osaTe~B,
n ncTo~H~Ka ~nHaHcuposaHn~ [Stricklin et al., 1990~. o'~HaKo pats B
L~e~x ncc~e,~osaHn~ lIpUBO,~HT K lIplIH~Ha~BHEIM pa3~HM Merry
6~0Me~HHCK~MU ~ Ce~BCKOX03~HCTBeHH~MU ~CC~e~OBaHH~MH. ~~H
,~OCT~eH~ rIOCTaBJIeHHuX 3a'~alI ceJIBcKoxo3~ncTBeHHMe nCCJIe,~OBaH~ IIaCTO
Hp~XO~HTCH BeCTH TaK, HTo6M yC~OBH~ CO~ep~aHH~ *HBOTH~X
CO OTBeTCTBOBa3IlI COBpeMeHHEIM MeTO~aM Hp OH3BO~CTBa
ceJIBcKoxo3~ncTseHHon rIpo,~yKL~n [Stricklin, Mench, 1994~. HarIpuMep, ,~JI~
Ce3IBCKOX03~HCTBeHHOrO ~KCHepUMeHTa MO*eT OKa3aTBCH ~e~aTe~BH~M
lICTIO3IB30BaHHe eCTeCTBeHHOlI Cpe~BI O )HTaHH~, Toyota KaK ~~H
6~0Me~HHCKOrO ~KCHepUMeHTa MO*eT OKa3aTBCH ~e~eC006pa3HEIM
rIo,~ep~aHne OrIpe,~eJIeHHEIX rIapaMeTpOB oKpy~a~omen cpe,~I, HaTIpaBJIeHHOe
Ha cse,~eHne,~o M~HuMyMa ee n3MeHeHnn [Tilman, 1994~.
CHCTeMBI co~ep~aH~ Ce~BCKOX03~HCTBeHHEIX*HBOTHEIX, ~CHO~B3yeMBIX
B 6~0Me~HHCKHX ~CC~e~OBaH~X, MOryT OT~aTBCH, a MoryT ~ He oT~aTBc~
OT TaKOBBIX, HpUMeHHeMBIX B Ce~BCKOX03~HCTBeHHEIX ~CC~e~OBaHH~X.
BOTHEIe, ~CHO~B3yeMBIe B 6~0Me~HHCKHX ~H Ce~BCKOX03~HCTBeHHEIX
3KCTIeplIMeHTaX, MOryT pa3MeILlaTBCH B K~eTKaX, CTO~aX, 3arOHaX H~H Ha
rIacT6~max [Tilman, 1994~. HeKoTop~Ie ce~BcKoxo3~ncTseHH~Ie aKcrIepuMeHT~I
TpeCyIOT CTaH~apTHEIX yC~OBHU, CBO~UX ~0 M~HUMyMa H3MeHHUBOCTB Cpe~BI
06lITaH~, TOr~a KaK HeKOTOpLIe 6~0Me~HHCKHe 3KCHepUMeHTEI HpOBO~HTCH
B yC~OBUSIX ~epMBI. TaK~M 06pa30M, HpOTOKO~ 3KCHepUMeHTa, a He ero
~opMa~Ha~ KaTeropu~ ,~o~*eH orIpe,~e~T~, r,~e c~e,~yeT rIpOBO,~HTE ~aHHEIU
3KCHepUMeHT (Ha ~epMe H~H B ~a60paTopHH). Pe~eHH~ H0 OUpe~e~eHHIO
KaTeropun 3KCTIeplIMeHTa3IBHOrO ~CHO~B30BaHH~ Ce~BCKOX03~HCTBeHHEIX
~IBOTHEIX ~ OUpe~e~eHH~ CTaH~apTOB UX CO~ep~aH~ ~O~*HEI OCHOBBIBaTBCH
Ha 3a,~a~ax 3KcrIepuMeHTos, ux rIpoToKo~ax ~ Heo6xo,~uMocTn 3aboTuTBc~ o
3~0pOBBe *HBOTHEIX ~ Hp~HUMaTBCH IACUC. H e3aBUCHMO OT KaTerOpHU
3KCHepUMeHTa, UHCTHTyTEI ~O~*HEI o6ecHeHuBaTB Ha6~Io~eHHe 3a sceMn
3KcTIeplIMeHTaJIBHEIMU ~BOTHEIMn, cTpeM~cB K MaKcHMa~BHoMy yMeHBIIIeHUIo
60~n ~ ~ncTpecca.
,~aHHOe Py~cooodcmeo paCTIpOCTpaHHeTCH Ha Ce~BCKOX03~HCTBeHHEIX
*HBOTHEIX, ncrIo~B3yeMBIx B 6HoMe~nHcKHx nCC~e~OBaHH~X, BK~IoHaH
~BOTHEIX, co~ep~a~nxcH Ha CTaH~apTHEIX ~epMax. IlpuMeHuTeJIBHo K TaK~M
~BOTHEIM rIo~e3HEIM nCTO~H~KOM nH~OpMa~n ~B~HeTCH <> ~ Guide for the Care and
Use of Agricultural Animals in Agricultural Research and Teaching, 1988] ~n ero
60~ee rIo3~HHe H3~aH~. '~orIo~HuTe~BHyIo nH~opMa~HIo B OTHOmeHHn 6a3BI
HyCJIOBHn co~ep~aH~ ceJIBcKoxo3~ncTBeHHEIx~BoTHEIxMo*Ho rIolIeprIHyTB
lI3 > [Midwest Plan Service,
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ce~BcKoxo3~ncTBeHHEIx *HBOTHEIX B MeCTHEIX OT~e~eHH~X M~HucTepcTBa
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B HeKOTOpLIX c~y~a~x B~ ~BOTHEIX, KOTOpLIn HeHacTo ncHo~B3yeTcH B
6HoMe~HLl~HcKHx nCCJIe~OBaH~X, oKa3BIBaeTcH rIpe~rIolITHTeJIBHEIM H3-3a ero
yH~Ka~BHEIx XapaKTepuCT~K. HarIpuMep' MeXaHH3MBI rn6epHa~n MO*HO
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OCR for page 7
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KaK~MU OHU 6BI~n B rIpe'~BI'~y~eM H3~aHHH. IlpH~o~eHHe A co'~ep*nT
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ncrI~ITaH~x, Hay~H~Ix~ccJIe,~osaH~xnoGy~eHnn [IRAC, 1985i, o,~o6peHH~Ix
c~y*60n 3,~pasooxpaHeH~.
JIlITEPATYPA
CFR (Code of Federal Regulations). 1985. Title 9 (Animals and Animal Products), Sub-
chapter A (Animal Welfare). Washington, D. C.: Office of the Federal Register.
Consortium for Developing a Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Agri-
cultural Research and Teaching. 1988. Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural
Animals in Agricultural Research and Teaching. Champaign, Ill.: Consortium for De-
veloping a Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Agricultural Re-
search and Teaching.
IRAC (Interagency Research Animal Committee). 1985. U. S. Government Principles for
Utilization and Care of Vertebrate Animals Used in Testing, Research and Training.
Federal Register, May 20, 1985. Washington, D. C.: Office of Science and Technol-
ogy Policy.
Leader, R. W., and D. Stark. 1987. The importance of animals in biomedical research.
Perspect. Biol. Med. 30~4~: 470-485.
Midwest Plan Service. 1987. Structures and Environment Handbook. 11th ed. rev. Ames:
Midwest Plan Service, Iowa State University.
NRC (National Research Council). 1977. The Future of Animals. Cells, Models, and Sys-
OCR for page 8
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tems in Research, Development, Education, and Testing. Proceedings of a Sympo-
sium of the Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources. Washington, D. C.: National
Academy of Sciences. 341 pp.
NRC (National Research Council). In press. Occupational Health and Safety in the Care
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Stricklin, W. R., and J. A. Mench. 1994. Oversight of the use of agricultural animals in
university teaching and research. ILAR News 36~1~: 9-14.
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medical research in the well-being of agricultural animals in biomedical and agricul-
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sponsored conference, September 6-7, 1990. Washington, D. C.: Scientist's Center
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Tillman, P. 1994. Integrating agricultural and biomedical research policies: Conflicts and
opportunities. ILAR News 36~2~: 29-35.
Representative terms from entire chapter:
agricultural research
