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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Remote Sensing Systems." National Research Council. 2002. Toward New Partnerships In Remote Sensing: Government, the Private Sector, and Earth Science Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10500.
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Appendixes

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Remote Sensing Systems." National Research Council. 2002. Toward New Partnerships In Remote Sensing: Government, the Private Sector, and Earth Science Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10500.
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This page in the original is blank.
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Remote Sensing Systems." National Research Council. 2002. Toward New Partnerships In Remote Sensing: Government, the Private Sector, and Earth Science Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10500.
×

A
Remote Sensing Systems

Table A.1 on pages 56-61 presents selected historical, current, and planned remote sensing systems operated by governmental, commercial, and public-private (government and commercial) organizations that provide data of value for scientific research.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Remote Sensing Systems." National Research Council. 2002. Toward New Partnerships In Remote Sensing: Government, the Private Sector, and Earth Science Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10500.
×

TABLE A.1 Selected Government, Commercial, and Public-Private Remote Sensing Systems

Remote Sensing System

Data Acquisition Model

Operator

Launch (end service date)

Capability: Spatial/Spectral Resolution

Revisit in Days

Status

U. S. Data Providers

Landsat 3

RBV

MSS

Government

NASA and NOAA

1978 (1983)

1 RBV band at 40 m

4 MSS bands at 80 m

1 MSS TIR band at 240 m

18

Retired

Landsat 4

TM MSS

Public-Private

EOSAT, Inc.

Space Imaging, Inc.

NASA

1982 (1987)

6 TM bands at 30 m

1 TM TIR band at 120 m

4 MSS bands at 80 m

16

Retired

Landsat 5

TM MSS

Public-Private

EOSAT, Inc.

Space Imaging, Inc.

NASA

1984

6 TM bands at 30 m

1 TM TIR band at 120 m

4 MSS bands at 80 m

16

Operational

Landsat 6

ETM

Commercial

EOSAT, Inc.

1993

1 ETM Pan band at 15 m

6 ETM bands at 30 m

1 ETM TIR band at 60 m

16

Failed

Landsat 7

ETM+

Government

USGS EROS Data Center

1999

1 ETM+ Pan band at 15 m

6 ETM+ bands at 30 m

1 ETM+ TIR band at 60 m

16

Operational

Landsat

Follow-on

Public-Private

TBD

2003

TBD

TBD

Planned

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Remote Sensing Systems." National Research Council. 2002. Toward New Partnerships In Remote Sensing: Government, the Private Sector, and Earth Science Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10500.
×

AVHRR

Government

NOAA

1970s to present

2 MS bands at 1.1 km

3 MS TIR bands at 1.1 km

Daily

Operational

IKONOS 1

Pan

MS

Commercial

Space Imaging, Inc.

1999

1 Pan band at 0.82–1 m

4 MS bands at 4 m

3 to 5

Failed

IKONOS 2

Commercial

Space Imaging, Inc.

1999

1 Pan band at 0.82–1 m

4 MS bands at 4 m

3 to 5

Operational

IKONOS 3

Commercial

Space Imaging, Inc.

2003

0.5 Pan band at <1 m

2 MS bands at 4 m

3 to 5

Planned

Earlybird

Commercial

EarthWatch, Inc.

(now DigitalGlobe, Inc.)

1997

1 Pan band at 3 m

3 MS bands at 15 m

1 to 5

Failed

QuickBird 1

Commercial

EarthWatch, Inc.

(now DigitalGlobe, Inc.)

2000

1 Pan band at 1 m

4 MS bands at 4 m

1 to 5

Failed

QuickBird 2

Commercial

EarthWatch, Inc

(now DigitalGlobe, Inc.)

Oct. 2001

1 Pan band at 61 cm

4 MS bands a

1 to 5

Operational

OrbView 2

(SeaWiFS)

Public-Private

OrbImage, Inc.

1997

8 MS bands at 1.13 km

1

Operational

OrbView 3

Public-Private

OrbImage, Inc.

2002

1 Pan band at 1 m

4 MS bands at 4 m

<3

Planned

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Remote Sensing Systems." National Research Council. 2002. Toward New Partnerships In Remote Sensing: Government, the Private Sector, and Earth Science Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10500.
×

Remote Sensing System

Data Acquisition Model

Operator

Launch (end service date)

Capability: Spatial/Spectral Resolution

Revisit in Days

Status

OrbView 4

Public-Private

OrbImage, Inc.

2001

1 Pan band at 1 m

4 MS bands at 4 m

8-m hyperspectral data

(can sell reprocessed 20-m hyperspectral data to nongovernment [approved] entities)

<3

Failed

Terra Satellite

Government

NASA

2000

 

Variable

 

ASTER

 

4 MS bands at 15 m

6 SWIR bands at 30 m

5 TIR bands at 60 m

 

Operational

MISR

 

4 MS bands at 9 look angles from 275 m to 1.1 km

 

Operational

MODIS

 

2 MS bands at 250 m

5 MS bands at 500 m

12 MS bands at 1 km

7 SWIR bands at 1 km

10 TIR bands at 1 km

 

Operational

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Remote Sensing Systems." National Research Council. 2002. Toward New Partnerships In Remote Sensing: Government, the Private Sector, and Earth Science Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10500.
×

European Data Providers

SPOT 1-2

Public-Private

Spot Image, Inc.

1986 and 1990

1 Pan band at 10 m

3 MS bands at 20 m

1 to 4

Standby in 1990

SPOT 3

Public-Private

Spot Image, Inc.

1993 (1996)

1 Pan band at10 m

3 MS bands at 20 m

1 to 4

Failed

SPOT 4

Public-Private

Spot Image, Inc.

1998

1 Pan band at 10 m

3 MS bands at 20 m

1 SWIR band at 20 m

4 vegetation bands at 1.15 km

1 to 4

Operational

SPOT 5

Public-Private

Spot Image, Inc.

2003

1 Pan band at 2.5 m

3 MS bands at 10 m

1 SWIR band at 10 m

4 vegetation bands at 1.15 km

1 to 4

Planned

ERS-1

Government

ESA

1991

30–50-m SAR

3 to 35

Operational

ERS-2

Government

ESA

1995

30–50-m SAR

3 to 35

Operational

ENVISAT

Government

ESA

2001

30-m SAR

3 to 35

Operational

SPIN-N

KVR-1000

Government

Russian Sovinformsputnik

1992 [available publicly in 2000]

1 band at 2 m

45 days in orbit, each launch

Operational

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Remote Sensing Systems." National Research Council. 2002. Toward New Partnerships In Remote Sensing: Government, the Private Sector, and Earth Science Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10500.
×

Remote Sensing System

Data Acquisition Model

Operator

Launch (end service date)

Capability: Spatial/Spectral Resolution

 

Revisit in Days

Status

Canadian Data Providers

Radarsat 1a

Government

Canadian Space Agency

1995

8-m SAR at various resolutions

 

3 to 24

Operational

Radarsat 2

Public-Private

Canadian Space Agency and McDonald Detwiller, Inc.

2004

3-m SAR at various resolutions

 

3 to 24

Planned

Other Data Providers

EROS A1

Commercial

ImageSat, Int.

2000

1 Pan band at 1.8m

1 to 4 (depends on number of satellites in orbit)

Operational

EROS B1

Commercial

ImageSat, Int.

2003

1 Pan band at 0.82 m

Planned

EROS B2

Commercial

ImageSat, Int.

2003

1 Pan band at 0.82 m

Planned

EROS B3

Commercial

ImageSat, Int.

2004

1 Pan band at 0.82 m

Planned

EROS B4

Commercial

ImageSat, Int.

2004

1 Pan band at 0.82 m

Planned

EROS B5

Commercial

ImageSat, Int.

2004

1 Pan band at 0.82 m

Planned

EROS B6

Commercial

ImageSat, Int.

2004

1 Pan band at 0.82 m

Planned

IRS-1 A

Government

Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO)

1988

4 MS bands at 36.25 and 72.5 m

 

22

Operational

IRS-1 B

Government

ISRO

1991

4 MS bands at 36.25 m and 72.5 m

22

Operational

IRS-1 C

Government

ISRO

1995

1 Pan band at 5.8 m

3 MS bands at 23 m

1 SWIR band at 70 m

2 MS bands at 188 m

5 to 24

Operational

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Remote Sensing Systems." National Research Council. 2002. Toward New Partnerships In Remote Sensing: Government, the Private Sector, and Earth Science Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10500.
×

IRS-1 D

Government

ISRO

1997

1 Pan band at 5.8 m

3 MS bands at 23 m

1 SWIR band at 70 m

2 MS bands at 188 m

5 to 24

Operational

NOTE: All acronyms are defined in Appendix D; TBD, to be determined.

aRadarsat 1 is noted as a government system because it was funded by the Canadian government.

SOURCES: Commercial and government remote sensing data-provider Web sites; Yahya A. Dehquanzad cial Satellite Imagery Will Change the World, Washington, D. C., Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2000; John R. Jensen, Remote Sensing of the Environment: An Earth Resource Perspective, Upper Saddle River, N. J., Prentice-Hall, 2000; and William E. Stoney, “Summary of Land Imaging Satellites Planned to Be Operational by 2006,” Mitretek Systems, July 2, 2001, available online at <http://www.asprs.org/news>.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Remote Sensing Systems." National Research Council. 2002. Toward New Partnerships In Remote Sensing: Government, the Private Sector, and Earth Science Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10500.
×
Page 53
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Remote Sensing Systems." National Research Council. 2002. Toward New Partnerships In Remote Sensing: Government, the Private Sector, and Earth Science Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10500.
×
Page 54
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Remote Sensing Systems." National Research Council. 2002. Toward New Partnerships In Remote Sensing: Government, the Private Sector, and Earth Science Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10500.
×
Page 55
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Remote Sensing Systems." National Research Council. 2002. Toward New Partnerships In Remote Sensing: Government, the Private Sector, and Earth Science Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10500.
×
Page 56
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Remote Sensing Systems." National Research Council. 2002. Toward New Partnerships In Remote Sensing: Government, the Private Sector, and Earth Science Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10500.
×
Page 57
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Remote Sensing Systems." National Research Council. 2002. Toward New Partnerships In Remote Sensing: Government, the Private Sector, and Earth Science Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10500.
×
Page 58
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Remote Sensing Systems." National Research Council. 2002. Toward New Partnerships In Remote Sensing: Government, the Private Sector, and Earth Science Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10500.
×
Page 59
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Remote Sensing Systems." National Research Council. 2002. Toward New Partnerships In Remote Sensing: Government, the Private Sector, and Earth Science Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10500.
×
Page 60
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Remote Sensing Systems." National Research Council. 2002. Toward New Partnerships In Remote Sensing: Government, the Private Sector, and Earth Science Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10500.
×
Page 61
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The technical, scientific, policy, and institutional environment for conducting Earth science research has been changing rapidly over the past few decades. Changes in the technical environment are due both to the advent of new types and sources of remote sensing data, which have higher spatial and spectral resolution, and to the development of vastly expanded capabilities in data access, visualization, spatial data integration, and data management. The scientific environment is changing because of the strong emphasis on global change research, both nationally and internationally, and the evolving data requirements for that research. And the policy and institutional environment for the production of Earth observation data is changing with the diversification of both remote sensing data and the institutions that produce the data. In this report, the Space Studies Board's Steering Committee on Space Applications and Commercialization explores the implications of this changing environment, examining the opportunities and challenges it presents.

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