Family members’ health insurance status, use of health care, and health itself are interrelated. This chapter documents the relationship between parents’ health insurance coverage, access to, and use of health services and their children’s coverage and use of health care. Second, it explores the mechanisms by which the health and attitudes of parents can affect the well-being of other family members, specifically their children’s health and life chances. The Committee’s previous report, Care Without Coverage, demonstrates that uninsured parents are likely to have poorer health than they would if insured. Research presented in the second section of this chapter demonstrates the interrelatedness of the health of family members and the effects of stress on the family as a whole.