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OCR for page 233
-
Index
A
Adaptive immune system/mechanisms,
2-10, 224
Adenosine deaminase, 85, 217; see also
Severe combined immunodeficiency
p-Adrenergic substances, 10
Allergic contact dermatitis, 81, 220
Alopecia, 57, 116; see also Mouse mutants
nu; Rat mutants, rnu
Amyloidosis, 116, 119, 122, 218 Antigens
Anemia
autoimmune hemolytic, 88, 97, 105- 106,
112, 220
defined, 218
macrocytic, 82-83
in osteopetrotic mutations, 51, 68
Antibiotics, and immunosuppression, 12
Antibodies
anti-class II MHC, 132
anti-DNP, 135, 218
antihistone, 115
antinuclear, 50, 54, 61, 70, 88, 94, 99,
109, 114, 115, 122, 218
B cell production of, 3
deficiency in LPS-induced adjuvant
response to, 63
enhanced production of, 142
function of, 3-4, 10
233
genetic mechanisms in diversification of,
6-7
T-cell-dependent responses, 140-141,
142
T-cell independent responses, 140- 141
thymocyte-binding, 88
viral inhibition of, 13
see also Autoantibodies;
Immunoglobulins
Antibody-dependent cytotoxic cells, 10, 217
Brucella, 50
defective responses to, 115, 116, 135,
136
designations, 2
IaW39, 86
I-E surface, 101
monoclonal antibodies reacting to,
213-215
resistance to tolerance induction by, 119
retroviral gp70, 108, 112
T-cell dependent, 116, 135- 137
T-cell independent, 116, 230
thymus-dependent, 85, 115, 230
thymus-independent, 85, 230
thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor
(TSH), 14
see also Major histocompatibility
complex antigens
OCR for page 234
234 INDEX
Anti-lymphocyte serum, 145, 217-218
Anti-theta serum, 145
Arteritis, 60, 99, 114, 121, 228
Arthritis, 14, 60
Ataxia telangiectasia, 84-85, 218
Autoantibodies
against islet antigens, 101
anti-DNA, 50, 88, 91, 99, 105, 106,
108, 112-114
anti-double-stranded DNA, 54, 61, 66,
90, 91, 105, 108-109, 218
anti-erythrocyte, 105-106, 108
anti-gp70, 105, 107, 108, 110, 121
anti-insulin, 45, 104
anti-islet cell cytoplasmic antigens, 45
anti-pancreatic beta cells, 44-45
anti-p73, 104
anti-ribonucle:~c protein (RNP), 99
anti-RNA, 110
anti-single-stranded DNA, 61, 90, 91,
105, 106, 108, 121, 218
anti-Smith, 61, 99, 218
anti-thymocyte, 66,, 105
characteristic of aptoimmune disease, 14
cross-reactive idiotype families, 113
defined, 218
genes controlling, 108
natural cytotoxic antibodies (NCA), 106
reduced levels of, 91
thymus-binding, 54, 227
Autoimmunity/autoimmuine disease
acceleration of, 87-89, 91, 93-94, 97,
112
autoantibodies characteristic of, 14
autoimmune polyendocrine disease, 14
B cell depletion and, 94
correction of, 107-108
defined, 2, 218
early-onset lymphoid hyperplasia with, 52
environmental factors in, 13-14
estrogen therapy and, 99
experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis B cells
(EAE), 95, 117-118, 120, 221
genes controlling susceptibility to, 105,
161
hemolytic anemia, 105
induced by MHV, 162
Ly-1+ B cell population and, 66
modification of natural history, 86-87
orchiectomy and, 88
progressive auto~mmune
lymphoproliferative disease, 94
spontaneous, 13-14, 70, 101, 105
systemic lupus erythematosus, 54, 99,
105, 108-111, 114-115, 121, 122,
135
against thymic hormones, 45
without lymphoid hyperplasia, 99
Y-linked, 38, 87-89, 91, 93-94, 97
B
B cell defects
absence of mature cells, 92-94
atrophy, 101
and autoimmunity, 111, 113
blocked complement receptors on, 141
decreased numbers of cells, 47
diminished response to type I antigens,
86
functional lesions, 85-86
hyperactivity, 107, 111, 118- 119
in Ia expression, 63
in immunoglobulin expression, 63, 86,
107
inability to proliferate in presence of
LPS, 63
increased function in mutants, 45, 126
ionizing radiation and, 145
Ly- 1 + population, 66, 86, 107
Lyb-3 expression, 86
in Lyb-5 subpopulation, 86, 92, 107
maturation factors, 98
polyclonal activation, 66
production of pathogenic IgG anti-DNA,
109
proliferative response impairment, 63,
66, 78
resistance to induction of immunologic
tolerance, 107
in response to T-cell replacing factors, 98
sIg+ population, 86
thymic proliferation, 119
activation of, 9, 163
differentiation of, 3, 4, 6-7, 9, 116
function of, 3, 4, 8, 9, 218
immunoglobin secretion, 3, 5, 7
interaction with T cells, 3, 7, 9, 92, 98,
109, 112, 116, 119
maturation of, 91
proliferation of, 3, 4, 6-7, 9
see also Antibodies
Babesia rodhaini, 143
OCR for page 235
INDEX 235
Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), 127
Bacillus enteritidis, resistance and
susceptibility to, 94-96
Bacillus piliformis, 143
cells
destruction of, 102, 133
necrosis of, 44
unrestricted hyperplasia of, 44, 72
Blastomyces dermatitidis, 163
Bone marrow, model of functional
relationships with spleen and thymus,
93
Bone marrow defects
decreased cells, 76
depression of granulocyte macrophage
precursors, 141
hyperplasia, 105
increased myelopoiesis, 66
lack of marrow cavities, 129
in long bones, 52, 74
lymphocyte deficiencies, 77
plasma cell deficiencies, 77
preleukemic cells, 71
reduced erythropoiesis, 66
Bone marrow transplantation, correction of
defects with, 42, 52, 69, 78, 83, 85,
107-108, 111, 124, 125
Bordetella pertussis, induction of histamine
sensitivity by, 118, 120
Bronchopneumonia, 60
Butylatedhydroxyanisole, 141- 142
C
Cadmium, immunosuppressive effects of,
11, 141
Calcitonin, 10, 51-52, 68, 74, 76, 219
Candida albicans, 137
Cell-mediated immunity, depressed, 45, 47,
49, 58, 66, 72, 110, 111, 141, 144
Cell surface antigens, monoclonal
antibodies reacting to, 2, 213-215
Chediak-Higashi syndrome, 15, 41, 218
Chemotaxis
decreased, in mutants, 4, 41-42
defined, 219
drug depression of, 12
in peritoneal macrophages, 68
Chromosome maps/gene markers
humans, 6
information sources on linkages, 16
mouse, 6, 16-31
rat, 32-33
restriction fragment length polymorphism
map, 86
Coccidioides immitis, 163
Complement system
activation of, 3, 4, 6, 9-10, 55, 90
C1, 90
C2, 90, 134-135, 136
C3, 50, 115, 135-136, 137, 219
C4, 89-90, 129-130, 135, 136-138
C5, 54, 137
C6, 139
characteristics and functions of, 4, 9, 220
deficiencies, 129-130, 134-138, 139,
141
pathways (cascades), 4
regulator of complement activation
(RCA), 90
role of classical pathway during infection,
137-138
S-region-linked genes controlling murine
C4, 89-90
Complementarity-determining regions
(CDRs), 109-110
ConA, impaired response to, 47, 84, 91,
127, 141, 145, 220
Congenic mouse strains
A.SW, 117
BXSB-xid, 94
B10.D2/oSnJ, 55
C.B-Igh-Ib (CB17), 77-80
C57BL/KsJ.B6-H-2b, 73
NOD.NON-H-2, 100, 101
NZB.CB/N-xid, 106-107
SJL/J-lpr, 117
Congenic strains, defined, 16, 220
Conjunctivitis, 128
Corynebacterium parvam, 119, 127- 128
Coxsackievirus B4, 14
Cryptococcus neoformans 137
Cytolysis, 4
Cytomegalovirus, 143
D
Demyelinating disease, susceptibility to,
117, 120, 162, 163
Dendritic cells
follicular, antigen retention by, 126
function of, 3, 8, 221
Thy- 1 + epidermal cells, lack of, 77
see also Langerhans' cells
OCR for page 236
236 INDEX
Dextran, failure to respond to, 85
Diabetes mellitus
characteristics of, 221
and congenital malformations, 134
environmental modifiers of, 101- 102
insulin-dependent, 100-101, 130-134
modifiers of severity, 44, 102
mouse models, 17, 37, 43-45, 100- 103
non-insulin-dependent, 44, 45
non-obese, 100-104, 132
orchiectomy and, 101
ovariectomy and, 101
prevention of, 102, 103, 132
rat models, 130- 134
resistance to, 44, 100, 131
spontaneous autoimmune, 100- 104
transfer of, 102
viruses associated with, 13- 14
Diabetogenic encephalomyocarditis virus,
73
Diet
autoclaved, 128, 144
contamination through, 11, 103, 144, 152
for diabetic mice, 103
and immunosuppression, 11, 103, 144
magnesium-deficient, 144
restriction, 45, 73
soft, 69, 75, 76, 124, 125, 129
water, 152-153
Diethylstilbestrol, 140-141, 221
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D, 10, 68, 74, 124,
125
2,4-Dinitro-1-fluorobenzene (DNFB),
contact sensitivity to, 81, 221
Dinitrophenol, increased PFC response to,
115
E
Ectromelia virus, 143, 147, 161, 162
Encephalomyocarditis virus, 14, 163
Endogenous ecotropic virus, 121
Endoparasites, 10
p-Endorphin, 10
Endotoxin, see Lipopolysaccharide
Eperythrozoon coccocides, 12
Escherichia colt, susceptibility to, 63
Estrogen, 10, 99
Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis
(EAE), 95, 117-118, 120, 162, 221
F
Facteur thymique serique, 50, 122, 221
Factor H expression, 90
Feline leukemia virus (FeLV), 13
Flaviviruses, 161-162, 163
G
Gallic acid, 141-142, 221
Gamma-globulin, tolerance to, 80
Generalized arterial disease, 60
Generalized lymphoproliferative disease,
37, 52-54, 90
Giardia muris, 164
Glomerulonephritis, 60, 66, 88, 99, 107,
109, 112-114, 121, 122, 222
Glucagon, 14
Glucan, 146
Glucocorticoid increasing factor, 142-143,
222
Glucocorticoids, 10, 142-143, 222
Glucose intolerance, 101, 104
Glycosuria, 101
Glycosylation pathway, deficiency in, 86
Graft-versus-host reaction
defined, 222
impaired, 46, 49, 58, 110, 119, 127,
142, 143
Gram-negative bacteria, 62
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating
factor, 64, 222
Gross virus, 13
Growth hormone, 10, 14, 46
Growth retardation, 46, 49
Guinea pig mutants, see Table 2-1, p. 39
Guinea pigs, monoclonal antibodies reacting
to cell surface antigens in, 213-215
H
Halothane, 12
Hamster mutants, 1, 14; see also Table 2-1,
p. 39
Hamsters
immunoglobulin subclasses, 5
monoclonal antibodies reacting to cell
surface antigens in, 213-215
Haptenated-Ficoll, failure to respond to, 85
Hemobartonella mur~s, 12
Henoch-Schonlein purpura, 135, 222
Heparin, 10
OCR for page 237
INDEX 237
Hereford cows, partially albino, 41
Herpes simplex virus (HSV), 63, 143, 147,
161, 163
Histamine, 10, 118, 120, 223
Hodgkin's disease, 117
Hormones
and host defense function, 10
and murine lupus erythromatosus, 111
Human chromosomes, 6
Human severe combined immune
deficiency, model for, 77-79
Human T cell lymphotrophic virus type I
(HTLV-I), 13
Humoral immunity, deficiencies in, 66, 144
Husbandry practices
bedding, 153
caging or housing system, 112, 120, 148,
149, 151
cesarean derivation, 128
conventional environment, 14
defined-flora, 14, 71, 219, 221
disease surveillance, 154
environmental conditions, 14, 59,
151-153
filter hoods, 128, 149
general considerations, 14- 15, 69,
148-149, 151
germ-free isolation, 14, 67, 71, 75, 102,
127, 128, 133, 150-151, 222
HEPA-filtered laminar-air-flow systems,
149-150, 151, 223
and immunosuppression, 12, 50, 55
infection control in commercial stock,
153-154
insulin treatment for diabetic rodents,
203, 131
laminar flow, 133
pathogen-free environment, 1, 14, 43,
51, 71, 76, 79, 96, 108, 112, 121,
125, 127-129, 133, 139, 149, 219,
227, 229
prevention of fighting among rodents,
120, 154
retirement and replacement of breeders,
62
single-user, SPF, barrier-protected room,
79, 128
strict isolation, 14
temperature conditions, 59, 151 - 152
transfer of animals between facilities,
153-154
see also Diet
Hybrid mouse strains (see also Table 2-1,
p. 38)
CBA/Ca x BXSB/Mp Fl, 94
CBA/N x BXSB/Mp Fl, 94
C3HeB/FeJ x C57BL/6J Fl, 159
C3HeB/FeLe x C57BL/6J Fit, 84
C57BL/6J x C3H/H Fit, 34
C57BL/6J x C3H/HeJ Fl, 34
C57BL/6J x C3H/HeSnJ Fl, 59, 160
C57BL/6J x C3HeB/FeJLe-a/a Fat
(B6C3Fe-a/a Fl), 47, 48, 74, 75, 159,
160
C57BL/6J x SB/Le, 93
nomenclature, 34
NZB x NZW Fit (BWF~), 86-87, 99,
105, 121, 122
PN/Sw x NZB/Sw Fl or NZB/Sw x
PN/Sw Fit, 114
SJL/J x BALB/c Fat, 120
WB/ReJ x C57BL/6J (WBB6F), 82
Hydrocephalus, 76
Hypercholesterolemia, 101
Hypergammaglobulinemia, 135, 223
Hyperglycemia, 43, 72, 101, 131- 132,
134
Hyperimmunoglobulinemia, 54, 88, 94
Hyperinsulinemia, 43, 44, 72
Hyperphagia, 43, 72
. . . .
iypersensltlvlty reactions
contact, 81
delayed-type, 12, 84, 119, 141, 142,
161, 221
enhanced responsiveness, 81
impaired, 119
vasoactivity amine, 118
Hypocalcemia, 68, 129
Hypophosphatemia, 68, 74, 129
Hypophysis, 49, 218
Hypothermia, 59, 63
I
Immune complex
circulating, increases in, 121
defined, 224
deposition in kidneys, 44, 66, 73
glomerulonephritis, 60, 88, 97, 109
reduced levels of, 91
retroviral gp70, 61, 99
serum gp70, 91, 105, 121
vascular disease, 88
OCR for page 238
238 INDEX
Immune system function, 2- 11
compromises in, see Immunodeficiencies/
1mmunosuppress~on
environmental factors affecting, 11- 14;
see also Immunodeficiencies/
. .
1mmunosuppresslon
1 ~
hormones and, 10
immunodeficiency and, 10- 11
and infectious agents, 12-14
and lymphomagenesis, 57
and noninfectious agents, 11- 12
in nursing mice, 50
see also Adaptive immune system/
mechanisms
Immunodeficiencies/immunosuppression
and activation of latent infections,
143-144
by alkylating agents, 142
biological inducers, 145- 146
chemically induced, 140-143
classification of disorders, 11
defined, 2, 10, 224
drug-induced, 12, 13; see also
Antibiotics; and specific drugs
environmental causes, 10- 11
genetic causes, 10-11; see also Guinea
pig mutants; Hamster mutants; Mouse
mutants; Mutations; Rat mutants
by glucocorticoids, 142- 143
by heavy metals, 11, 141
by infectious agents, 12- 14, 143- 144;
see also specific agents
by ionizing radiation, 144-145
and lymphoid malignancies, model for, 79
by noninfectious agents, 11- 12,
140-143, 144-147
nutrition and, 144
by phenols, 141-142
stress and, 11- 12, 50, 146
by thymectomy, 146- 147
by ultraviolet radiation, 145
X-linked, 85-87, 90-94
Immunoglobulins
absence of, 84-85
B cell production of, 3, 5, 7
decreased levels of, 47, 70-71, 77,
85-86, 90, 94, 117, 138, 141
defect in expression of, 63, 86
defect in isotype switching, 136
function of, 5-6, 224
IgA, 50, 61, 70, 84-85, 88, 115, 126
IgD, 86, 126
IgE, 117
IgG, 5, 10, 47, 50, 59, 61, 63, 66, 70,
80, 88, 90, 91, 94, 106, 111, 113,
115, 118, 126, 134, 135, 136, 138,
141, 145, 146
IgM, 47, 49, 61, 66, 70, 86, 90, 91, 94,
105-107, 110-111, 113, 115, 135,
136, 145
increased levels of, 58, 61, 66, 91, 94,
105, 107, 110-111; see also
Hyperimmunoglobulinemia
kidney deposits of, 50, 66, 94, 115
Al, 118
and reticulum cell sarcomas, 118
rheumatoid factors, 61
species differences in, 5
structure of, 4-6
suppression of, 12
Immunologic specificity, see Adaptive
immune system/mechanisms
Inbred mouse strains (see also Table 2-1,
p. 38)
129/J, 43, 44
A/HeJ, 62
A/J, 39, 119
AKR, 59, 61, 64, 69, 71, 98,
115-116
BALB/c, 39, 47, 56, 58, 59, 69, 77, 80,
109, 162, 163
BRVR, 94
BRVS, 95
BXD recombinant, 96
BXSB, 87-88, 91, 93, 96-98
CBA/MN, 85, 86
CBA/H-T6, 68
CTS, 104
C3H,98,100,116, 163
C3HeB/FeJLe, 64, 65
C3H/HeJ, 17, 34, 39, 40, 42-43, 49,
52-54, 59, 61-64, 86, 88, 90,
157-159
C3H/HeN, 17, 49, 64, 86
C57BL, 82
C57BL/Ka, 77
C57BL/Ks, 17, 43-45, 72-73, 157
C57BL/6, 17, 34, 39, 40-45, 49, 52, 59,
61, 63-65, 66, 67, 68, 72-73, 75,
80-84, 87, 88, 90-91, 96, 98, 119,
157-159, 162
C57BL/ 10, 109
C57BL/lOJ, 100
C57BL/lOScCr, 62
OCR for page 239
INDEX
C57BL/ 1 OScN, 62
C57BL/ l OScSn, 39
C57BL/ l OSn, 59
C57/L, 39
DBA/1, 39
DBA/2, 39, 55, 64, 80, 98, 114
DW/J, 43, 49, 156
GL,51, 157
HRS/J, 56-57, 84, 156
ICR/Jcl, 100
LG/J, 98-99
MRL/Mp, 38, 59, 60-62, 64, 91,
98-100, 121
MWT/Le, 82
NFR/N, 46, 49, 82
NFS/N, 64, 82
N:NIHS, 91
nomenclature for, 17, 34
NZB (New Zealand black), 64, 87,
112, 113, 122
NZW, 105
P/N, 64
RHJ/Le, 56
SB/Le, 42, 87, 93, 96, 97
SJL/J, 52, 59, 61, 62, 64, 87-88
SWR, 112
WB/Re, 82, 83
see also Reproduction
Inbred rats (see also Table 2-1, p. 39)
BBZ/Wor, 133
BN, 161
DA, 126
F344, 126, 163
LEW, 126, 161, 163
PVG, 126
WAG, 126
see also Reproduction
Infectious agents
clinically silent, 12- 13
depression of oncogenic virus genes, 13
effects of glucocorticoids on
susceptibility to, 143
genetic mechanisms in resistance or
susceptibility to, 161- 164
immunosuppression by, 12- 14
synergistic effects between, 13
X-linked resistance to, 163
see also specific agents
Inflammatory response, 4, 9, 10, 221
Influenza A, 161
Insulin, 10, 14, 17, 43-45, 72, 100, 103,
130-134
239
Insulinopenia, 72
Insulitis, 100-101, 104, 131, 133
Interferons
activation of NK cells with, 42, 119
defined, 224
~y-, 9, 98, 111, 224
poly(A-U), 145- 146, 228
rat beta, 134
and resistance to infectious agents, 163
suppression by environmental agents,
11, 13
type I (cx/~), 63, 112
Interleukin (IL)
diminished production of, 91
IL-1, 102, 223
IL-2, 9, 91, 102, 111, 143, 223, 225
IL-3, 223
IL-4, 9, 224
IL-5, 9
IL-6, 9, 98, 224
role in immune response, 9
Islet cells, defects in, 41, 73
Islets of Langerhans
atrophy, 44, 72
degeneration of, 17
destruction of, 131
function of, 224
hypertrophy of, 17
transitional hyperplasia, 101
see also ~ cells
Ixodid tick, 137
J
Japanese B encephalitis virus, 147
K
K virus, 13, 143
Ketonuria, 101
Kupffer cells, 8
L
Lactic dehydrogenase virus (LDV), 12, 13,
161
Langerhans' cells
diminished, 81
function of, 3, 8, 225
response to ultraviolet radiation, 145
Lead, immunosuppressive effects of, 11
141
OCR for page 240
240 INDEX
Leishmania donovani, resistance/
susceptibility mutants, 36, 37, 39-40
Leishmania major, survival mechanism,
40
Lentiviruses, 13
Leukocytes
defects in, 41, 74, 76, 84, 126
peritoneal exudate, 41
Leukocytopenia, 58
Life span, short
in mice, 65, 115-116
in rats, 126
see also Mutations, lethal
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
defined, 225
enhanced response to, 141
impaired response to, 17, 37, 62-64, 76,
84, 94, 96, 137
macrophage activation by, 95
Listeria monocytogenes, susceptibility to,
57,88, 127
Liver parenchymal cells, defects in, 41
Louping ill virus, 94
Lupus, discoid, 135
Lupus nephritis, 108, 113; see also
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Lymph node abnormalities
enlargement, 47, 53-54, 59-60, 66,
87-88, 90, 91, 94
in folicle development, 84
hyperplasia, 84, 94, 97, 105, 110, 114
paracortical areas, 49, 126, 144
small, 50, 58, 77
Lymphadenectomy, 147
Lymphadenopathy, 47, 53-54, 59-60, 66,
87-88, 90, 91, 94
Lymphocyte abnormalities
elevation of circulating lymphocytes, 47
decreased number (lymphopenia), 46, 50,
66, 72, 74, 77, 78, 110, 126, 131,
132, 225
diet-induced, 11
drug-induced, 12
in IL-2 production 54
lymph node, 46, 77, 126, 138
peripheral blood, 50, 227
self-directed cytotoxic lymphocytes, 61
splenic, 52, 68, 77, 84
thymic, 84, 126
Lymphocytes
differentiation antigens, see Cell surface
antigens
follicular aggregates of, 105
peripheral blood, 50, 227
radiosensitivity, 145
receptors, 10, 60
repopulation of, 79
thymic-derived, 54
see also specific lymphocytes
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
(LCMV), 12, 13, 14, 147
Lymphokine-activated killer cells,
independence from NK cells, 93
Lymphokines
depressed production of, 45
functions of, 7, 225
see also Interleukin
Lymphomagenesis, 57, 71
Lymphomas
autoimmune disease and, 106, 110,
114
defined, 225
follicle center cell, 102
genes affecting, 117
immunoblastic sarcoma, 138
nonthymic, 121
reticulum cell sarcomas, 71, 117- 119,
228
thymic, 57, 78
Lymphopoietic cells, abnormality in. 83
Lymphoproliferation, 37, 52-54, 59-62.
90-91, 105, 110, 141
Lymphosarcoma, 92
Lysosomal function, defects in, 42, 43
Lysosomal granules, giant, 41
M
Macrophage defects, 41, 42
alveolar, 65, 141
chemotactic, 68
in control of pathogen replication, 40
diet-induced, l l
function of, 225
LPS-induced, 63, 64
in mobilization and listericidal activity, 57
peritoneal, 68, 76, 129, 143
and resistance to tolerance induction, 80
splenic, 40, 68
in tumoricidal capacity, 63
Macrophages
alveolar, 8
endogenously activated, 119, 120
functions of, 7, 8
OCR for page 241
INDEX 24 1
monocyte, 3
Maintenance of immunodeficient rodents,
see Husbandry practices
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
antigens
and C5 deficiency, 55
Class I, 7, 9, 86, 105, 130, 219
Class II (Ia), 7-8, 9, 70, 118, 130, 142,
163, 220, 223
defect in expression of, 63, 105
and diabetes, 100-101, 130-131
expression of, 8
genetic locus, 114, 117, 130- 131
role of, 7, 226
structure of, 7-8
T-cell receptor allele associated with
responsiveness to, 118
Mammary tumor viruses, 13
Mast cells
antibody interaction with, 3, 10
cytoplasmic marker for, 42
defects in, 41, 83
function of, 8, 10, 225-226
Mating systems, see Reproduction
Measles, 161
Melanocytes, 81, 83, 226
Melanoma, 73, 92
Membrane attack complex, 55, 226
Mice
monoclonal antibodies reacting to cell
surface antigens in, 213-215
strains, see Congenic mouse strains;
Hybrid mouse strains; Inbred mouse
strains; Outbred mouse strains
stress in, 12
transgenic, 101
see also Mouse mutants
Microphthalmia, 37, 51-52, 67-69, 73-77
Microwave irradiation, 145
Mink, Aleutian trait, 41
Minute virus of mice (MVM), 12
Mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLRs), 54,
104, 127, 145, 226
Moloney virus, 13
Monoclonal antibody Mel-14, 60
Mouse adenoviruses, 143
Mouse chromosomes, 6, 7, 18-31, 39, 40,
43, 46, 47, 49, 51, 52, 54, 55, 58, 62,
64, 68, 69, 72, 73, 75, 77, 82, 84, 85
89, 98, 100, 105, 112, 157, 162, 164
Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), 12, 13, 96,
142, 143, 148, 162, 226
Mouse mutants (see also Table 2-1, pp.
37-38)
ad (adipose), 43
Aw (white-bellied agouti), 42
b (brown), 43
Beg'? Bcgs (resistance/susceptibility to
Mycobacterium bovis), 156
bg (beige), 15, 92-94' 96-97, 117,
156
ce (extreme dilution), 51
en (achondroplasia), 99
db (diabetes), 17, 72, 101, 157
Dh (dominant hemimelia), 93, 160
dl~ (downless-J), 157
dw (dwarf), 75, 156
ep (pale ears), 42, 43
gl (gray-lethal), 68, 157
gld (generalized lymphoproliferative
disease), 90, 156
Hc° (hemolytic complement absent), 156
hr (hairless), 156
Ityr, Itys (resistance/susceptibility to
Salmonella typhimurium), 95-96, 156
le (light ear), 42
Ih (lethargic), 160
Ipr (lymphoproliferation), 52, 88, 99,
117, 156, 158
Lps'1 (lipopolysaccharide response,
defective), 96, 156
Lshr, Lshs (resistance/susceptibility to
Leishmania donovani), 36, 37, 39-40,
156
m (misty), 45, 157
me (motheaten), meV (viable motheaten),
159
mi (microphthalmia), 51, 76, 159
nu (nude), 1, 14, 57, 86, 95, 102, 107,
119-120, 126, 147, 151-152
nu xid, 86
ob (obese), 17, 101, 159
oc (osteosclerotic), 51, 68, 160
op (osteopetrosis), 51, 68, 160
pa (palid), 42, 43
pe (pearl), 42
rp (reduced pigmentation), 43
ru (ruby eye), 42
ru-2mr (maroon), 42
sa (satin), 42, 96-97
sa bg, 96-97
scid (severe combined immune
deficiency), 14, 45, 156
Sl (steel), 120
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242 INDEX
sit (slate), 40
Tol-1 (tolerance to gamma-globulin), 156
~ (viable dominant spotting), 157
wi (whirler), 43
wst (wasted), 160
xid (X-linked immune deficiency, 54, 156
Yaa (Y-linked autoimmune accelerator), 97
Mouse thymic virus, 143
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
(MALT), 8, 225
Multinucleated giant cells, 53
Murine cytomegalovirus, 12
Murine leukemia viruses (MuLVs), 13, 57,
71, 78, 92, 115, 117, 119-120, 121,
222, 226
Murine pinworm (Syphacia obvelata), 14
Mutations
advantages and disadvantages of, 15
allelic, 1, 36, 37, 39-40, 42, 43, 54-58,
62-71, 82, 125-126
antigen-selected somatic, 110
codominant/semidominant, 15, 67, 82,
220, 229
definition, 15, 226
lethal, 51-52, 84, 124-125, 156, 158, 159
maintenance of, 15-16; see also
Reproduction
modification of, 16
multiple, 1, 16, 44-45, 90-94
nomenclature for, 15, 17, 34
provirus integration into normal allele, 56
radiation-induced, 40, 42, 67
sex-linked, 85
single point, 1, 36-90
spontaneous, 15, 40, 43, 47, 51, 52, 58,
59, 64, 69, 72, 73, 75, 77, 80, 84,
123, 124, 128
see also Hamster mutants; Mouse
mutants; Rat mutants
Mycobacterium bovis, resistance/
susceptibility mutants, 36, 37, 39-40,
127
Mycobacterium lepraemurium, resistance/
susceptibility mutants, 36, 39-40
Mycoplasma pulmonis, 128, 163
Myocardial infarction, 60, 110
N
Natural killer (NK) cells
activation of, 42
depression of, 42, 43, 91-94, 102, 116,
119-120, 142, 146
increased activity, 70, 71, 73, 93, 126
independence from lymphokine-activated
killer cells, 93
lack of, 104
role of, 10, 226
serotonin dependency of, 10
source of, 10
and tumor growth, 24, 92
Nematode infestation, resistance to, 83, 164
Neurological disorders, mouse mutants
with, 42-43, 84
Neutrophils, see Polymorphonuclear
leukocytes
Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, 83
Nocardia (mitogen), diminished response
to, 86
Nomenclature, 15, 17, 34
Nutrition, and immunosuppression, 144; see
also Diet
o
Obesity, 17, 43-45, 72-73, 104
Oligodactyly, 47
Oncogenic virus genes, suppression of, 13
Oncornaviruses, immunosuppression by, 13,
227; see also specific viruses
Osteoclasts
cytoplasmic marker for, 42
defects in, 51, 68, 74, 76, 123, 124-125,
129
elevated acid phosphatase, 123
function of, 227
reduced acid phosphatase in, 51, 68, 76
Osteopetrosis
defined, 227
in mice, 51-52, 67-69, 73-77
in rats, 123- 125
Osteoporosis, 116
Osteosclerosis, 73-74, 227
Outbred mice (see also Table 2-1, p. 39)
sensitivity to ectromelia virus, 162
p
Pancreatic lymphocyte infiltration, 131
Paracoccidioidomycosis, 163
Parasites, delayed expulsion of, 83
Paroviruses, 143
Pericytes, cerebral cortex, defects in, 41
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INDEX 243
Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive cells, 50
Peyer's patches
absence of IgA-specific B-cell precursors
from, 85
atrophy of, 144
function of, 8, 227
small, 58, 66, 84, 126
Phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced
blastogenesis, 46, 227
Picryl chloride, contact sensitivity to, 81
Plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses,
impaired, 46, 63, 227
Plasma cells, with Russell bodies, 66
Pneumococcal polysaccharide, failure to
respond to, 85
Pneumocystis carinii, 79, 128, 142, 143,
153
Pneumocytes, type II, defects in, 41
Pneumonitis
interstitial, 54, 60, 79
spontaneous, susceptibility to, 42, 128
Polyarteritis, 60, 99, 121
Polybrominated biphenyls, 140
Polydactyly, 47, 48
Polydipsia, 101, 131
Poly(A-U), 145- 146, 228
Poly(I-C), 119, 228
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs)
aggregates in skin, 65
antibody interaction with, 3
basophils, 10
cytoplasmic marker for, 42
decreased number of, 126
function of, 8, 228
impaired chemotactic and bactericidal
activities, 41 -42, 141
increased number of, 47, 66
response to LPS, 63
see also Mast cells
Polyomavirus, 147, 161
Polyphagia, 101
Polyunsat;urated fatty acids, 144
Polyuria, 101
Progenitor cell replication, model for cell-
associated molecules limiting, 64-66
Prokaryotic cells, 4
Prolactin, 10, 46
Proliferative enteritis, 139
Propylgallate, 141-142, 227
Proteinuria, 91, 99, 110
Proximal tubule cells, defects in, 41
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 144- 145
Purkinje cells, cerebellar, defects in, 41,
43, 84
Pyogenic bacteria, susceptibility of mutants
to, 42
Pyramidal cells, defects in, 41
R
Radiation, ionizing, and
immunosuppression, 144- 145
Rat mutants (see also Table 2-1, p. 39)
fa (fatty), 124, 133
op (osteopetrosis), 123
rnu (Rowett nude), 1, 14, 147
tl (toothless), 39, 123, 124, 128- 129
Rats
adjuvant arthritis in, 14
immunoglobulins, 5
linkage map, 32-33
monoclonal antibodies reacting to cell
surface antigens in, 213-215
stress in, 12
see also Inbred rats; Rat mutants
Raucher virus, 13
Renal disease, 50, 54, 61, 66, 91, 94, 99,
108, 110, 112, 114, 121
Reovirus 3, 12, 14
Reproduction
backcross linkage analysis, 63
backcrosses, 59, 64, 86-88, 99,
100-101, 126, 156-158, 160, 218
balanced stock, 156- 157, 219
brother x sister mating, 52. 87, 103,
121, 139, 155-156, 158, 159
cross-intercross cycles, 52, 59, 158-159,
160
diabetic mice, 45, 103, 157
double heterozygote repulsion mating,
157
heterozygous matings, 45, 47, 51, 67,
69, 73, 76, 83-85, 125, 128, 129,
156, 158
high-performance, 100
homozygous, 125, 156, 158
homozygous males and heterozygous
females, 58, 71, 124, 128, 139
hybrid matings, 99
inbreeding, 62, 155- 159
without inbreeding, 159- 160
intercrossing, 156- 158, 224
outcrossing, 100
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244 INDEX
ovarian transplantation method, 67, 73,
77, 85, 158-159, 160, 227
paired matings, 89, 98
random matings, 122, 123, 124
after thymus transplants, 125
transferring a mutation to a hybrid
background, 159- 160
transferring a mutation to an inbred
background, 59, 64, 86-88, 99,
100-101, 126, 156, 157-159
trio matings, 62
Reticuloendothelial system
function of, 228
reduced function in, 88
stimulant, 146
Reticulum cell sarcomas, 71, 117- 119, 228
Retroviral genes, 44, 107
Retroviruses, see Murine leukemia viruses;
Oncornaviruses
Rickets, 74
Rickettsia akari, 163
Rickettsia tsutsugamushi, 163
S
Salmonella choleraesuis, 137
Salmonella typhi, 40
Salmonella typhimurium
absence of aroA gene, 96
impaired clearance from mucosal
surfaces, 63
index of killing, 96
resistance to, 36, 37, 39-40, 96
susceptibility to, 36, 37, 39-40, 62-63,
95-96, 143
Sendai virus, 12, 13, 121, 128, 143, 148,
161, 162
Senescence, early, 115- 117
Serotonin
and bactericidal activity of PMNs, 42
decreased levels in platelets, 42
function of, 10, 229
Serum amyloid A, 63, 229
Severe combined immunodeficiency, 14,
37, 45, 77-80, 85, 92
Sheep red blood cells (SRBCs)
defined, 229
reduced immune response to, 46, 47, 49,
81, 84, 115, 116, 121, 141-142, 146
Shock, complement system activation and
9-10
Skin allograft rejection
impaired ability for, 46, 58, 110, 119,
132
infectious agents and, 13
Spinal cord neurons, defects in, 41
Spleen, model of functional relationships
with thymus and bone marrow, 93
Spleen transplantation
correction of defects by, 68-69
transfer of syngeneic spleen cells, 146
Splenectomy, 147
Splenic abnormalities
absence of B colonies, 94
asplenia, 47, 93
decreased lymphoid cells, 50
hyperplasia, 106, 110
periarteriolar sheaths, 126
perifollicular sheaths, 49
reduced cellularity, 51
small organ, 58, 77
splenomegaly, 54, 60, 65-66? 68, 87-88,
94, 97, 106, 229
stem cell increases, 68, 76
in T cells, 57, 125
ThB+ cells, 94
St. Louis encephalitis virus, 94
Staphylococcus aureus, delayed clearance
of, 55
Starvation, 51
Stem cells
depression of, 141
differentiation, 83
function of, 229
hematopoietic, 3, 141
radiosensitivity, 145
splenic, 51, 68, 76, 141
Sterility, 66, 82, 156, 158
Streptococcal group A carbohydrate (GAC),
impaired response to, 95
Stress, and immunosuppression, 11 - 12,
142, 146
Submandibular gland, leukocyte infiltrates
of, 104
Systemic lupus erythematosus, 54, 99, 105,
108-111, 114-115, 121, 122, 135,
229
T
T cell defects
absence of mature cells, 92-94
antibody response against erythrocytes,
107
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INDEX 245
,B-chain, deletion in, 109 Tetrachlorodibenza-p-dioxin, 140, 229
bone marrow TdT+ cells, 66 Tetracyclines, 12
decreased number of cells, 46, 49, 66, Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus,
70-71, 126-127, 131, 132, 145 117, 163
deletion of VT-cell receptor genes, 118
hyperplasia, 91
increased number of cells, 47, 101
Ly- 1 + expansion, 91
in Ly-5 expression, 60
in Ly-123+ subset, 107
in lymph nodes, 53-54
lymphopenia, 45, 104, 145
in mitogen responses, 104, 125, 141
NTA-reactive antigen, 106
production of pathogenic IgG anti-DNA,
109
proliferation abnormality, 54, 57, 66, 78
response to I-region alloantigens, 57
splenic, 57
suppressor-inducer (Ts), 50, 102, 106,
119, 121, 144
Tc, 41, 42, 61, 66, 132
Th, 47, 57, 70, 112-113, 116, 119, 132,
141
in Thy-1 + populations, 63, 110, 113
T cells
activation of, 7, 9, 70
CD4, 113
CD8, 113, 142
cytotoxic (Tc), 7, 9, 10, 41, 42, 70, 220;
see also Natural killer cells
differentiation, 7, see Cell surface
antigens
estrogen receptors, 10
function of, 3, 8, 9, 229-230
growth factors, 9; see also Interleukin
helper-inducer (Th), 7, 9, 47, 57, 91,
142, 230
Ia antigen expression on, 8, 9
interaction with B cells, 3, 7, 9, 91, 92,
109, 112, 116, 119
macrophage activation by, 95
model for thymus-independent maturation
of precursors to functional effecter
cells, 127
proliferation of, 3, 7, 54
structure, 7
surface-membrane inserted antigen
receptor (Ti), 7, 10
Ts, 9, 230
see also Lymphocytes
Taenia teaniaformis, 164
Thrombocytes, elevation of, 47
Thymectomy, 146-147
Thymic defects
absence of Ia+ cells, 70
athymia, 93, 138, 148
atrophy, 49-50, 57, 110, 142, 144
B-cell influx, 119
epithelial dysgenesis, 70
hyperplasia, 105, 110, 114
involution, 45, 51, 65, 105* 140
lymphomas, 57, 78, 79
reduced cellularity, 84
small organ, 58, 65, 77
Thymulin, 50, 105, 230
Thymus
function of, 230
model of functional relationships with
spleen and bone marrow, 93
see also Thymic defects
Thyroid defects
calcitonin-secreting cells, 74, 76
follicular cells, 41, 51
Hashimoto-like thyroiditis, 132, 133, 222
thyroiditis, 95
Thyrotropic hormone-producing cells,
deficiencies in, 49
Thyroxine, 10
Tonsils, 8
Transmissible ileal hyperplasia, 139
Trichinella spiralis, 83, 147, 164
Trichuris muris, 164
Tris, 140
Tumor growth and metastasis
anesthetic agents and, 12
models for, 69-71, 92
NK cell activity and, 92
Tumors and tumor cell lines
B16F10, 92
CEM, 92
contaminants in, 12
human, 92
immunosuppression by, 146
impaired cytolysis of, 42
K562, 92
LOX, 92
murine, 92
ovarian granulosa cell tumors, 92
reticulum cell neoplasms, 99
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246 INDEX
suppression of, 13
YAC-1, 92
Tyzzer's disease, 128
U
Ultraviolet radiation, and
immunosuppression, 145, 230-231
V
Variable-region-coding elements, aberrant
deletions of, 78
Vascular disease, 97, 110
Vasculitis, 135, 114, 222
W
Wasting disease, 71, 84-85
Water, hyperchlorinated acidified, 11,
152-153
X
Xenografts, 79, 231
Representative terms from entire chapter:
mouse strains
