Box 3-1 Priority Research for Whales and Seals Recommended by NRC (2000)
To move beyond requiring extensive study of each sound source and each area in which it may be operated, [NRC (2000) recommended that] a coordinated plan should be developed to explore how sound characteristics affect the responses of a representative set of marine mammal species in several biological contexts (e.g., feeding, migrating, and breeding). Research should be focused on studies of representative species using standard signal types, measuring a standard set of biological parameters, based on hearing type (Ketten, 1994), taxonomic group, and behavioral ecology (at least one species per group). This could allow the development of mathematical models that predict the levels and types of noise that pose a risk of injury to marine mammals. Such models could be used to predict in multidimensional space where temporary threshold shift (TTS) is likely (a “TTS potential region”) as a threshold of potential risk and to determine measures of behavioral disruption for different species groups. Observations should include both trained and wild animals. The results of such research could provide the necessary background for future environmental impact statements, regulations, and permitting processes.
Groupings of Species Estimated to Have Similar Sensitivity to Sound
Research and observations should be conducted on at least one species in each of the following seven groups:
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Sperm whales (not to include other physterids)
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Baleen whales
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Beaked whales
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Pygmy and dwarf sperm whales and porpoises [high-frequency (greater than 100 kHz) narrowband sonar signals]
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. Delphinids (dolphins, white whales, narwhales, killer whales)
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