NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.

This study was supported by Contract/Grant No. SSL-01-B between the National Academy of Sciences and the North Pacific Fishery Management Council. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project.

Library of Congress Control Number: 2003101402

Cover art was created by Emma Wilson. Ms. Wilson is the founder and principal of the Emma Wilson Design Company in Seattle, Washington. She has worked with many Seattle area companies on the design of annual reports, promotions, posters, corporate and retail branding, and environmental graphics.