OU:

Odor unit. The amount of odorant(s) in 1 m³ of air detectable by 50 percent of the population

OU_E:

European odor unit is the amount of odorant(s) that, when evaporated into 1 cubic meter of neutral gas at standard conditions, elicits a physiological response from a panel (detection threshold) equivalent to that elicited by 1 European Reference Odor Mass (erom), evaporated in 1 m³ of neutral gas at standard conditions. One erom is equivalent to 123 mg n-butanol (CAS 71-36-3).

PAN:

Peroxyacetyl nitrate

PBL:

Planetary boundary layer

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

PET:

Polyethyleneterephalate (Nalophan)

PF-LIF:

Photolytic fragmentation laser-induced fluorescence

PM:

Particulate matter

PM2.5:

Particulate matter having an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm or less.

PM10:

Particulate matter having an aerodynamic diameter of 10 μm or less.

PNP:

Permit nutrient plan

Point source:

“[A]ny discernible, confined and discrete conveyance, including but not limited to any pipe, ditch, channel,…concentrated animal feeding operation,…from which pollutants are or may be discharged. This term does not include agricultural stormwater discharges and return flows from irrigated agriculture” (33 USC § 1362(14)).

ppb:

Parts per billion (by volume)

ppd:

Pounds per day

ppm:

Parts per million (by volume)

Precision:

The degree of agreement between two or more results on the same property of identical test material expressed as the repeatability or reproducibility of an instrument reading the results.

PSD:

Particle size distribution

PSD:

Prevention of significant deterioration

psi:

Pounds per square inch

PTFE:

Polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon)

PVF:

Polyvinylfluoride (Tedlar)

REA:

Relaxed eddy accumulation

RHA:

Rolling herd average

RNA:

Ribonucleic acid

ROG:

Reactive organic gase

RQ:

Reportable quantity

S:

Sulfur gas

SAPRA:

State air pollution regulatory agency

SCD:

Sulfur chemiluminescence detector

SF₆:

Sulfur hexafluoride (used as an atmospheric tracer)

Front Matter (R1-R22)

Executive Summary (1-13)

1. Introduction (14-25)

2. Livestock Agriculture and Animal Feeding Operations (26-49)

3. Air Emissions (50-73)

4. Measuring Emissions (74-97)

5. Approaches for Estimating Emissions (98-128)

6. Government Regulations and Programs (129-151)

7. Improving Knowledge and Practices (152-168)

8. Conclusions (169-175)

References (176-194)

Appendix A: Statement of Task (195-197)

Appendix B: Acronyms and Glossary (198-204)

Appendix C: Bioaerosols (205-206)

Appendix D: Nitrogen and Sulfur Contents of Animal Products and Live Animals -- Sample Excretion Predictions (207-213)

Appendix E: Animal Units (214-216)

Appendix F: Ammonia Emissions from Manure Storage (217-221)

Appendix G: Regulatory Action Levels by Selected Atmospheric Pollutant (222-223)

Appendix H: Regulatory Action Levels by Regulatory Requirement and Action Status (224-225)

Appendix I: Emission Factors for a Feed Mill or Grain Elevator (226-227)

Appendix J: Public Meeting Agendas (228-233)

Appendix K: Geographic Distribution of Livestock and Poultry Production in the United States for 1997 (234-240)

Appendix L: Emisson Factors in Published Literature (241-254)

About the Authors (255-260)

Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources Publications (261-264)