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Gulf War and Health: Insecticides and Solvents, Volume 2
TABLE 6.8 Selected Epidemiologic Studies—Stomach Cancer and Exposure to Organic Solvents
Reference
Study Population
Exposed Cases
Estimated Relative Risk (95% CI)
Trichloroethylene
Cohort Studies—Incidence
Hansen et al., 2001
Biologically monitored Danish workers
3
0.8 (0.2–2.3)
Blair et al., 1998
Aircraft-maintenance workers in Utah
No trichloroethylene exposure
6
1.5 (0.4–6.0)
<5 unit-years
1
0.3 (0.1–2.6)
5–25 unit-years
7
3.1 (0.8–12.1)
>25 unit-years
6
2.0 (0.5–8.1)
Anttila et al., 1995
Finnish workers biologically monitored for exposure
Years since first measurement
0–9 years
6
1.32 (0.48–2.87)
10–19 years
4
0.63 (0.17–1.60)
20+ years
7
2.98 (1.20–6.13)
Whole period
17
1.28 (0.75–2.04)
Mean personal U-TCA level
<100 µmol/L
12
1.65 (0.98–1.39)
100+ µmol/L
4
0.91 (0.25–2.32)
Cohort Studies—Mortality
Boice et al., 1999
Aircraft-manufacturing workers in California, potential routine exposure
17
1.32 (0.77–2.12)
Blair et al., 1998
Aircraft-maintenance workers in Utah, employed >1 year
23
0.9 (0.4–1.9)
Wilcosky et al., 1984
Male rubber workers in Ohio, exposed >1 year
5
1.0
Tetrachloroethylene and Dry-cleaning Solvents
Cohort Studies—Mortality
Boice et al., 1999
Aircraft-manufacturing workers in California, potential routine exposure
7
1.42 (0.57–2.93)
Ruder et al., 1994
Dry-cleaning labor-union workers
5
0.61 (0.20–1.43)
Males
2
0.43 (0.05–1.54)
Females
3
0.86 (0.18–2.53)
Blair et al., 1990
Dry-cleaning union members in St. Louis, MO
Dry-cleaning solvents
11
0.8 (0.4–1.4)
Benzene
Cohort Studies—Incidence
Yin et al., 1996a
Chinese factory workers ever exposed to benzene
85
0.9 (0.7–1.4)
Males
71
0.9 (0.6–1.4)
Females
14
1.0 (0.4–2.8)
Hayes et al., 1996
Chinese factory workers (cumulative exposure to benzene)
