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Gulf War and Health: Insecticides and Solvents, Volume 2
Reference
Study Population
Exposed Cases
Estimated Relative Risk (95% CI)
Xylene and Toluene
Cohort Study—Incidence
Anttila et al., 1998
Finnish workers biologically monitored for exposure to aromatic hydrocarbons (styrene, toluene, xylene)
8
1.88 (0.81–3.71)
Case-Control Study
Dumas et al., 2000
Male residents of Montreal, Canada
Xylene
Any exposure
39
1.3 (0.9–1.9)
Substantial exposure
7
2.9 (1.1–7.3)
Toluene
Any exposure
50
1.4 (1.0–2.0)
Substantial exposure
17
1.7 (1.0–3.0)
Methylene Chloride
Cohort Study—Mortality
Tomenson et al., 1997
Male cellulose triacetate film workers in Brantham, UK, ever employed
2
0.44 (0.05–1.57)
Case-Control Study
Dumas et al., 2000
Male residents of Montreal, Canada
Any exposure
7
1.2 (0.5–2.8)
Substantial exposure
5
3.8 (1.1–12.9)
Phenol and Acetone
Cohort Study—Mortality
Dosemeci et al., 1991
Male workers in five US chemical plants
Phenol
No exposure
6
1.1
Any exposure
18
1.4 (0.8–2.2)
Low exposure
9
1.4
Medium exposure
9
1.5
High exposure
0
0
Case-Control Study
Dumas et al., 2000
Male residents of Montreal, Canada
Acetone
Any exposure
11
2.3 (1.1–4.7)
Substantial exposure
8
4.8 (1.8–13.0)
Unspecified Mixtures of Organic Solvents
Cohort Studies—Incidence
Anttila et al., 1995
Finnish workers biologically monitored for exposure to halogenated hydrocarbons (trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane)
13
1.63 (0.87–2.78)
Berlin et al., 1995
Swedish patients with acute solvent-related disorders
2
0.99 (0.1–3.6)
Cohort Study—Mortality
Garabrant et al., 1988
Aircraft-manufacturing workers in California, employed >4 years
15
1.04 (0.59–1.73)
NOTE: U-TCA=urinary metabolite of trichloroethylene.
Epidemiologic Studies of Exposure to Organic Solvents and Pancreatic Cancer
Several cohort studies of trichloroethylene-exposed workers showed no increased risk of pancreatic cancer. In the cohort of aircraft-manufacturing workers examined by Boice and
