|
Reference
|
Study Population
|
Exposed Cases
|
Estimated Relative Risk (95% CI)
|
|
Tetrachloroethylene and Dry-cleaning Solvents
|
|
Cohort Studies—Mortality
|
|
Ruder et al., 2001
|
US dry-cleaning workers
|
|
|
|
Dry-cleaning, employed >1 year
|
20
|
0.91 (0.55–1.40)
|
|
|
Tetrachloroethylene only
|
6
|
0.78 (0.28–1.69)
|
|
Boice et al., 1999
|
Aircraft-manufacturing workers in California
|
|
|
|
Potential routine exposure
|
4
|
1.16 (0.32–2.97)
|
|
Blair et al., 1990
|
Dry-cleaning union members in Missouri (females)
|
36
|
1.0 (0.7–1.4)
|
|
Case-Control Studies
|
|
Band et al., 2000
|
Female cases from the British Columbia Cancer Registry
|
|
|
|
Premenopausal
|
|
|
|
Laundering or dry-cleaning (occupation)
|
|
|
|
Usual exposure
|
1
|
—
|
|
|
Ever exposed
|
4
|
1.77 (0.41–7.72)
|
|
|
Postmenopausal
|
|
|
|
Laundry or dry-cleaning (occupation)
|
|
|
|
Usual exposure
|
8
|
4.85 (1.26–18.7)
|
|
|
Ever exposed
|
8
|
1.33 (0.55–3.19)
|
|
|
Laundering and dry-cleaning (industry)
|
|
|
|
Usual exposure
|
9
|
5.24 (1.41–19.5)
|
|
|
Ever exposed
|
12
|
1.42 (0.68–2.99)
|
|
|
Power laundries or dry cleaners (industry)
|
|
|
|
Usual exposure
|
9
|
2.00 (0.78–5.13)
|
|
|
Ever exposed
|
21
|
1.67 (0.89–3.13)
|
|
Aschengrau et al., 1998
|
Residents of upper Cape Cod, MA
|
|
|
Postmenopausal women
|
|
|
|
75th percentile (9-year latency)
|
NA
|
3.4 (0.7–19.1)
|
|
|
90th percentile (9-year latency)
|
NA
|
7.8 (0.9–167.0)
|
|
Benzene
|
|
Cohort Study—Incidence
|
|
Hansen, 2000
|
Male members of the national pension fund in Denmark
|
|
|
|
No lag time
|
19
|
2.2 (1.4–3.6)
|
|
|
>10 years lag
|
12
|
2.5 (1.3–4.5)
|
|
Cohort Study—Mortality
|
|
Yin et al., 1996a
|
Chinese factory workers (females), ever exposed
|
8
|
0.9 (0.3–3.2)
|
|
Case-Control Study
|
|
Petralia et al., 1999
|
Female residents of New York state
|
|
|
|
Any exposure
|
56
|
1.91 (1.18–3.08)
|
|
|
Duration <4 years
|
8
|
0.80 (0.30–2.16)
|
|
|
Duration ≥4 years
|
16
|
3.38 (1.25–9.17)
|
|
|
Low probability
|
8
|
1.22 (0.42–3.56)
|
|
|
Medium or high probability
|
16
|
2.14 (0.89–5.12)
|
|
|
Low intensity
|
16
|
2.38 (0.97–5.87)
|
|
|
Medium or high intensity
|
8
|
1.07 (0.37–3.07)
|
|
|
Low cumulative
|
13
|
1.43 (0.59–3.47)
|
|
|
Medium or high cumulative
|
11
|
2.21 (0.77–6.36)
|
|
|
10 to 19 year latency
|
5
|
1.23 (0.34–4.46)
|
|
|
≥20 year latency
|
16
|
2.09 (0.85–5.14)
|
