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Gulf War and Health: Insecticides and Solvents, Volume 2
Reference
Study Population
Exposed Cases
Estimated Relative Risk (95% CI)
Methylene Chloride
Cohort Studies—Mortality
Blair et al., 1998
Aircraft-maintenance workers in Utah, ever exposed (females)
4
3.0 (1.0–8.8)
Lanes et al., 1993
Cellulose-fiber production-plant workers in South Carolina, employed >3 months
3
0.54 (0.11–1.57)
Other Specific Organic Solvents
Cohort Study—Mortality
Blair et al., 1998
Aircraft-maintenance workers in Utah, employed >1 year (females)
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
3
3.3 (1.0–11.2)
Acetone
7
1.9 (0.8–4.6)
Isopropyl alcohol
8
3.7 (1.6–8.4)
Methyl ethyl ketone
8
2.1 (0.9–4.7)
Stoddard solvent
15
1.2 (0.6–2.4)
Toluene
10
2.0 (0.9–4.2)
Unspecified Mixtures of Organic Solvents
Cohort Studies—Incidence
Anttila et al., 1998
Finnish workers biologically monitored for exposure to aromatic hydrocarbons
15
0.79 (0.44–1.30)
Latency 0–9 years
8
0.61 (0.26–1.21)
Latency 10+ years
7
1.18 (0.47–2.42)
Anttila et al., 1995
Finnish workers biologically monitored for exposure to halogenated hydrocarbons
34
0.85 (0.6–1.2)
Latency 0–9 years
12
0.84 (0.4–1.5)
Latency 10+ years
22
0.85 (0.5–1.3)
Berlin et al., 1995
Swedish patients with solvent-related disorders (females)
3
1.1 (0.2–3.2)
Garabrant et al., 1988
Aircraft-manufacturing workers in California, employed >4 years
16
0.91 (0.52–1.48)
Shannon et al., 1988
Lamp manufacturing workers, employed >6 months
Coiling or wire drawing
8
2.04 (0.88–4.02)
Cohort Study—Mortality
Blair et al., 1998
Aircraft-maintenance workers in Utah (females)
Organic solvents, ever exposed
28
1.6 (0.9–2.8)
Case-Control Studies
Hansen, 1999
Danish women employed in industries with heavy solvent use
Employed ≥1 year, no lag
743
1.27 (1.13–1.43)
Employed ≥1 year, ≥15 years lag
472
1.43 (1.24–1.67)
Employed >10 years, no lag
113
1.31 (1.01–1.75)
Employed >10 years, ≥15 years lag
97
1.97 (1.39–2.79)
Cocco et al. 1998
Male breast cancer cases from National Mortality Follow-Back Survey exposed to organic solvents
