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Gulf War and Health: Insecticides and Solvents, Volume 2
Reference
Study Population
Exposed Cases
Estimated Relative Risk (95% CI)
Exposure levels (females)
Low-level intermittent
4
3.9 (0.8–17.7)
Low-level continuous
2
3.4 (0.5–21.7)
Frequent peaks
5
3.8 (0.9–16.2)
Morgan et al., 1998
Aerospace workers in Arizona
Trichloroethylene-exposed subcohort
Lymphosarcoma and reticulosarcoma
3
0.96 (0.20–2.81)
All other lymphopoietic tissue
11
1.01 (0.51–1.81)
Wilcosky et al., 1984
Male US rubber-industry workers, exposed >1 year
3
2.4
Case-Control Studies
Persson and Fredriksson, 1999
Residents of Sweden
1+ years exposed, latency 5–45 years
16
1.2 (0.5–2.4)
Hardell et al., 1994
Male residents of Sweden
Ever exposed
4
7.2 (1.3–42)
Benzene
Cohort Studies—Incidence
Hayes et al., 1997
Chinese factory workers
16
3.0 (0.9–10.5)
Exposed workers, year of hire
<1972
15
4.1
≥1972
1
0.5
Exposed workers, average ppm
<10
7
2.7 (0.7–10.6)
10–24
2
1.7 (0.3–10.2)
≥25
7
4.7 (1.2–18.1)
Exposed workers, duration
<5 years
1
0.7 (0.1–7.2)
5–9 years
4
3.3 (0.7–14.7)
≥10 years
11
4.2 (1.1–15.9)
Exposed workers, cumulative exposure
<40 ppm-years
6
3.3 (0.8–13.1)
40–99 ppm-years
1
1.1 (0.1–11.1)
≥100 ppm-years
9
3.5 (0.9–13.2)
Yin et al., 1996a,b
Chinese factory workers, ever exposed
17
3.0 (1.0–13.0)
Cohort Studies—Mortality
Schnatter et al., 1996a
Male Canadian petroleum-distribution workers
0.00–0.49 ppm-years
4
1.00
0.50–7.99 ppm-years
3
1.21 (0.16–8.07)
8.00–19.99 ppm-years
1
1.14 (0.02–22.1)
20–219.8 ppm-years
0
0.0 (0.0–27.6)
Wong, 1987a,b
Male US chemical workers
5
0.91 (0.29–2.11)
Continuously exposed
3
1.13 (0.23–3.30)
Continuous exposure by duration
<5 years
1
0.65
5–14 years
1
1.56
≥15 years
1
2.18
