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Beyond the Molecular Frontier: Challenges for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Microfabrication
on silicon, 122
Microfluidics, 51
Microphase separation, 51
Military security, 172-177
biological, 174-175
chemical, 175-176
explosives, 176-177
nuclear and radiological, 176
Miniaturized instrumentation, 67 .
See also Process intensification and miniaturization
Minorities
attracting to chemistry, 5 , 183
Mobil process
for converting methanol to gasoline, 52
Model predictive control (MPC), 87
Modeling, 85-89
of molecules, 83
of self-assembly, 144
and simulation, 77
Molecular calculations, 144
Molecular complexes, 32
Molecular dynamics, 77
multi-dimensional techniques in, 58
Molecular electronic materials, 140
Molecular frontier, 7 , 21 , 183
Molecular-level construction
of structures, 124
Molecular mechanics, 76-77
Molecular medicine, 116
Molecular recognition, 116
Molecular signaling
“tuning,” 111
Molecules.
See also Biomacromolecules;
Intermolecular interactions;
Macromolecules;
Single-molecule spectroscopy;
Supramolecular assemblies
addressable, 140
amphiphilic, 130
conducting, 140
floppy, 57
interesting topography of, 25
modeling, 83
observing individual, 3
switchable, 140
synthesis of highly complex, 25
three-dimensional architecture of, 57
understanding and controlling reactions of, 8 , 192
volatilizing, 62
Molina, Mario, 152
Monte Carlo methods, 77-78
Moore’s law, 72
Mössbauer spectroscopy, 60
Muller, Karl A., 28
Müller, Paul, 152
Multi-dimensional techniques
in molecular dynamics, 58
Multimolecular photosynthetic reaction center, 119
Multiple instruction, multiple data (MIMD) computer architecture, 72
coordination of, 92
Multistep synthesis, 24
of ATP, 48
Mutants
selection of, 33
N
Nano-particles, 51
Nanocomposite materials
organized, 141
Nanoimprint lithography, 137
Nanolithography, 51
Nanomaterials, 136-138
Nanopores
membranes containing, 138
Nanoscience and nanotechnology, 32
synthetic v. natural, 125
Nanotubes, 136-137 , 139
National Academy of Engineering, 147
Draper Prize, 48 , 118
National Institutes of Health (NIH), 187
National Research Council (NRC), 176
Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology (BCST), 1 , 6 , 13 , 14
Chemical Sciences Roundtable, 14
National Science Foundation (NSF), 188
National security, 5 , 63 , 171-179
Natta, Giulio, 28
Nature as a chemist
extending synthetically, 23
highly innovative, 97
Near-critical transition phenomenon, 50
Negative ions
photodetachment of, 59
Nematodes, 100
Neurodegenerative diseases, 115
Neurotransmitters
single-vesicle release of, 67