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Beyond the Molecular Frontier: Challenges for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Plastics
manufacturing, 49
Platforms for process intensification and miniaturization, 36-40
enzyme membrane reactor, 39
methyl acetate columns, 35 , 37
micro heat exchangers, 38
silicon chip, 38
Platinum
catalysis by, 27
reforming, 49
Plutonium
weapons-grade, 173
Polanyi, John, 48
Poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS), 128-129
Polydispersity, 146
Polyethylene
incorporating ketone groups into, 143
Polyketide antibiotics, 103
Polymer blends, 50
molecule alignment within, 50
Polymer electrolytes, 125
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques, 114 , 119
Polymeric materials, 19 .
See also Biopolymers;
Block copolymers
electrically conductive, 164
glassy, 126
research opportunities in, 14
rubbery, 126
synthesizing, 29 , 49 , 65
Polymerizations
living, 139
Polypeptides
calculating folding of, 76
synthesizing, 29
Polysaccharides
chemistry of, 100-101
Pople, John, 81-82
Post-genomic therapies, 120-121
Pioglitazone, 120
Rosiglitazone, 120
Potential energy curves, 47
Powder diffraction, 60
Precession
inducing, 131
Predictability
of catalytic activity, 76
designing and producing new materials and devices with, 8-9 , 76 , 192
of energy transfers, 90
of inventions, 15
Prion diseases, 114
Private foundations, 186-189
Process analysis, 68 .
See also Chemical processes;
Flow processes;
Transport processes
Process control, 91
Process engineering technologies
for manufacturing, 35
Process intensification and miniaturization
emerging platforms for, 36-40
enzyme membrane reactor, 39
methyl acetate columns, 35 , 37
micro heat exchangers, 38
silicon chip, 38
Process simulation
revolution in, 86-87
Process synthesis, 84-85
Process systems engineering, 17 , 83-92
increasing profitability of, 88-89
modeling and optimization, 85-89
in process and product design, 91
Processing plants
zero-effluent, 143
Productivity. See High-volumetric productivity
Profitability of the chemical industry
supply-chain management increasing, 88-89
Promises to customers
capability to make, 89
Prosperity, 180
Prostaglandin synthesis, 109
Prostate screening antigen (PSA) test, 114
Protection
of citizens against terrorism, 8 , 191-192
of health and the environment, 34
Protein structure
predicting, 76
Proteins
crystallizing, 61
folding of, 90 , 94
synthesizing, 29 , 112
Proteomics, 114-115
Pulsed NMR spectroscopy, 59
Pure science, 12
Q
Quadrant model of scientific research, 12-13 , 20
Quantized capacitive charging, 138
Quantum bits, 131
Quantum box behavior
of colloids, 137