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Social ecology
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Child care
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Gestation: maternal stress, nutrition, activity
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Prolonged carrying (devices may be used for holding, carrying)
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Infant/child signaling-caregiver response (contingency, state regulation)
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Cosleeping
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Breastfeeding (and weaning)
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Variable caregiver competence
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Provisioning into adolescence with transition to productive in(ter)dependence
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Family
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Parents
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Coresident dependent siblings
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Privileged emotion communication and intersubjective regulation
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Resident in family into adolescence
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Social group
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Multiage, mixed-sex with changeable composition (mobility, mortality)
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Presence of kin and nonkin
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Pervasive language use, multiple registers (e.g., information exchange, narrative)
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Collaboration
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Sharing and exchange (socially and spatiotemporally displaced reciprocities)
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Contexts for play, practice, and exploration (risk taking)
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Multiage, mixed-sex play groups
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Tolerance of low productivity, incompetence
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Surveillance, safe spaces
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Participant observation in adult activities and competent performances
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Feedback on imitation, provision of instruction, guided participation
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Use of analogs and symbols (visual, acoustic)
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Tool use
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Fire and thermal buffering (possibly with clothing, coverings)
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Sanctions (physical, verbal, social)
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Bioecology
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Food constituents and gut activity
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Energetics (resource reliability and quality, maintenance costs) and metabolic regulation
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Exposures to pathogens, parasites, and dirt and immune development
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Sensory inputs, activity patterns, and brain development
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Perceived safety or security and vigilance (attention and arousal regulation)
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