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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2003. Cities Transformed: Demographic Change and Its Implications in the Developing World. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10693.
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Cities Transformed: Demographic Change and Its Implications in the Developing World References A BER , J. L., M. A. G EPHART, J. B ROOKS -G UNN , AND J. P. C ONNELL (1997): “Devel- opment in Context: Implications for Studying Neighborhood Effects,” in Neighbor- hood Poverty, ed. by J. Brooks-Gunn, G. J. Duncan, and J. L. Aber, vol. I: Context and Consequences for Children, pp. 44–61. Russell Sage Foundation, New York. A BERS , R. (2001): “Learning Democratic Practice: Distributing Government Resources Through Popular Participation in Porto Alegre, Brazil,” in The Challenge of Urban Government: Policies and Practices, ed. by M. Freire, and R. Stren, pp. 129–143. The World Bank, Washington, DC. A DAIR , L. S., B. M. P OPKIN , AND D. G UILKEY (1993): “The Duration of Breast- Feeding: How Is It Affected by Biological, Sociodemographic, Health Sector, and Food Industry Factors?” Demography, 30(1), 63–80. A DAMS , J. S. (1995): “Classifying Settled Areas of the United States: Conceptual Issues and Proposals for New Approaches,” in Metropolitan and Non-metropolitan Areas: New Approaches to Geographical Definition, ed. by D. C. Dahmann, and J. Fitzsim- mons, no. 12 in Working Paper series, pp. 9–83. Population Division, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC. A DELMAN , I., AND S. ROBINSON (1978): Income Distribution Policy in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Korea. Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA. A DES , A. F., AND E. L. G LAESER (1995): “Trade and Circuses: Explaining Urban Gi- ants,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110(1), 195–228. A FOLABI BAMBGOYE , E., AND O. A. L ADIPO (1992): “Oral Contraceptive Marketing in Ibadan, Nigeria,” Social Science and Medicine, 35(7), 903–906. A FRICA D EMOS (1991): Newsletter, volume 1, number 4. A FRICAN P OPULATION AND H EALTH R ESEARCH C ENTER (2002): “Population and Health Dynamics in Nairobi’s Informal Settlements: Report of the Nairobi Cross- Sectional Slums Survey (NCSS) 2000,” African Population and Health Research Cen- ter, Nairobi, Kenya. A FSAR , R. (1999): “Rural-Urban Dichotomy and Convergence: Emerging Realities in Bangladesh,” Environment and Urbanization, 11(1). AGBOLA , T. (1997): The Architecture of Fear: Urban Design and Construction Response to Urban Violence in Lagos, Nigeria. IFRA/African Book Builders, Ibadan. AGENCE F RANCE -P RESS (2001): Excerpt from Hong Kong service, January 5. AGHA , S. (1998): “Sexual Activity and Condom Use in Lusaka, Zambia,” International Family Planning Perspectives, 24(1), 32–37. 419 Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

Cities Transformed: Demographic Change and Its Implications in the Developing World 420 CITIES TRANSFORMED AGHA , S., A. K ARLYN , AND D. M EEKERS (2001): “The Promotion of Condom Use in Non-Regular Sexual Partnerships in Urban Mozambique,” Health Policy and Plan- ning, 16(2), 144–151. AGH ON´ , G., AND C. C ASAS (1999): “Strengthening Municipal Financing: Difficulties and New Challenges for Latin America,” in Fiscal Decentralisation in Emerging Economies. Governance Issues, ed. by K. Fukusaku, and L. R. de Mello Jr., pp. 75– 85. OECD, Paris. AGRAWAL , R. (1999): Street Children. Shipra Publications, Delhi. AGYEI , W. K., R. B. B IRIRWUM , A. G. A SHITEY, AND R. B. H ILL (2000): “Sexual Behaviour and Contraception among Unmarried Adolescents and Young Adults in Greater Accra and Eastern Regions of Ghana,” Journal of Biosocial Science, 32(4), 495–512. AGYEI , W. K., J. M UKIZA -G APERE , AND E. J. E PEMA (1994): “Sexual Behaviour, Re- productive Health and Contraceptive Use among Adolescents and Young Adults in Mbale District, Uganda,” Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 97(4), 219–227. AGYEI -M ENSAH , S. (2002): “Fertility Transition in West Africa,” Journal of African Pol- icy Studies, 12(2). A IDOO , M., AND T. H ARPHAM (2001): “The Explanatory Models of Mental Health Amongst Low-Income Women and Health Care Practitioners in Lusaka, Zambia,” Health Policy and Planning, 16(2), 206–213. A ITKEN , I. (1999): “Implementation and Integration of Reproductive Health Services in a Decentralized System,” in Myths and Realities about the Decentralization of Health Systems, ed. by R.-L. Kolehmainen-Aitken, pp. 111–136. Management Sciences for Health, Boston, MA. A KIN , J., P. H ITCHINSON , AND K. S TRUMPF (2001): “Decentralization and Government Provision of Public Goods: The Public Health Sector in Uganda,” MEASURE Eval- uation Project Working Paper No. WP-01-35 (March). Carolina Population Center, Chapel Hill, NC. A KIN , J. S., AND P. H UTCHINSON (1999): “Health-Care Facility Choice and the Phe- nomenon of Bypassing,” Health Policy and Planning, 14(2), 135–151. A LAN G UTTMACHER I NSTITUTE (1998): Into a New World: Young Women’s Sexual and Reproductive Lives. Alan Guttmacher Institute, New York. A LDERMAN , H. (2001): “Multi-Tier Targeting of Social Assistance: The Role of Inter- governmental Transfers,” The World Bank Economic Review, 15(1), 33–53. A LESSIE , R., AND A. K APTEYN (1991): “Habit Formation, Interdependent Preferences and Demographic Effects in the Almost Ideal Demand System,” Economic Journal, 101, 404–419. A LLAIN , T. J., A. O. W ILSON , Z. A. G OMO , E. M USHANGI , B. S ENZANJE , D. J. A DAMCHAK , AND J. A. M ATENGA (1997): “Morbidity and Disability in Elderly Zimbabweans,” Age and Ageing, 26(2), 115–121. ´ A LVARADO , R., A. Z EPEDA , S. R IVERO , N. R ICO , S. L OPEZ , AND S. D´I AZ (1999): “In- tegrated Maternal and Infant Health Care in the Postpartum Period in a Poor Neigh- borhood in Santiago, Chile,” Studies in Family Planning, 30(2), 133–141. A LVES , M. H. M. (2003): “S˜ao Paulo: The Political and Socio-Economic Transformations Wrought by the New Labor,” in World Cities in Poor Countries, ed. by J. Gugler. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

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Virtually all of the growth in the world's population for the foreseeable future will take place in the cities and towns of the developing world. Over the next twenty years, most developing countries will for the first time become more urban than rural. The benefits from urbanization cannot be overlooked, but the speed and sheer scale of this transformation present many challenges. A new cast of policy makers is emerging to take up the many responsibilities of urban governance—as many national governments decentralize and devolve their functions, programs in poverty, health, education, and public services are increasingly being deposited in the hands of untested municipal and regional governments. Demographers have been surprisingly slow to devote attention to the implications of the urban transformation.

Drawing from a wide variety of data sources, many of them previously inaccessible, Cities Transformed explores the implications of various urban contexts for marriage, fertility, health, schooling, and children's lives. It should be of interest to all involved in city-level research, policy, planning, and investment decisions.

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