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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2003. Tracking and Predicting the Atmospheric Dispersion of Hazardous Material Releases: Implications for Homeland Security. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10716.
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Page 55
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2003. Tracking and Predicting the Atmospheric Dispersion of Hazardous Material Releases: Implications for Homeland Security. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10716.
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Page 56

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References Allwine, K.J., J.H. Shinn, G.E. Streit, K.L. Clawson, and M. Brown. 2002. Overview of URBAN 2000: A multiscale field study of dispersion through an urban environment. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 83:521-551. Banta, R.M., L.S. Darby, P. Kaufman, K.H. Levinson, and C.J. Zhu. 1999. Wind flow patterns in the Grand Canyon as revealed by Doppler lidar. J. Appl. Meteor. 38: 1069-1083. Bosart, L.F. 1983. Analysis of a California Catalina eddy event. Mon. Weal Rev. 111:1619-1633. Brock, F.V., K. Crawford, R.L. Elliott, G.W. Cupserus, S.J. Sadler, H.L. Johnson, and M.D. Eilts. 1995. The Oklahoma Mesonet: A technical overview. J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech. 12:5-19. Chang, J.C., P. Franzese, K. Chayantrakom, and S. Hanna. 2003. Evaluations of CALPUFF, HPAC, and VLSTRACK with two mesoscale field datasets. J. Appl. Meteor. 42:453-466. Darby, L.S., K.J. Allwine, and R.M. Banta. 2002. Relationship between tracer behavior in downtown Salt Lake City and basin-scale wind flow. Pp. 12-15 in Proc. 10th Conf on Mo?~ntain Meteorology and MAP meeting 2002, Park City, Utah, June 17-21. Martner, B.E., D.B. Wuertz, B.B. Stankov, R.G. Strauch, E.R. Westwater, K.S. Gate, W.L. Ecklund, C.L. Martin, and W.F. Dabberdt. 1993. An evaluation of wind profiler, RASS, and microwave radiometer performance. B?~ll. Amer. Meteor. Soc.74:599-613. Mayor, S.D., R.J. Alvarez II, C. Senff, R.M. Hardesty, C.L. Frush, R.M. Banta, and W.L. Eberhard. 1996. Second International Airborne Remote Sensing Conference and Exhibition, San Francisco, California, June 24-27. Mecikalski, J.R., D.B. Johnson, and J.J. Murray. 2002. NASA Advanced Satellite Aviation Weather Products (ASAP) Study Report. NASA Technical Report, in press. Mesonet. 2002. Abstracts from the Mesonet 2002 Conference, Oklahoma City, June 23-26. (Sponsored by the Oklahoma Climatological Survey, the Oklahoma Mesonet, and a grant from Innovations in American Government, sponsored by the Ford Foundation and awarded through the Institute for Government Innovation at Harvard's John F. Kennedy School of Government.) Miller, J. (2003, January 22~. Threats and Responses: Biological Defenses; U.S. Deploying Monitor System for Germ Peril. The New York Times, pp. A1. Moninger, W.R., R.D. Mamrosh, and P.M. Pauley. 2003. Automated meteorological reports from commercial aircraft. B?~ll. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 84:203-216. Morris, D.A., K.C. Crawford, K.A. Kloesel, and J.M. Wolfinbarger. 2001. OK-FIRST: A meteorological information system for public safety. B?~ll. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 82:1911- 1923. NRC (National Research Council). 1995. Toward a New National Weather Service Assessment of NEXRAD Coverage and Associated Weather Services. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C. 55

56 ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION OF HAZARDOUS MATERIAL RELEASES NRC. 2002a. National Security and Homeland Defense: Challenges for the Chemical Sciences in the 21st Century. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C. NRC. 2002b. Weather Radar Technology Beyond NEXRAD. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C. NRC. 2002c. Making the Nation Safer: The Role of Science and Technology in Countering Terrorism. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C. Rothermal, J., D.R. Cutten, R. M. Hardesty, R.T. Menzies, J.N. Howell, S.C. Johnson, D.M. Tratt, L.D. Olivier, and R.M. Banta. 1998. The multi-center airborne coherent atmospheric wind sensor. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 79:581-599. Shepherd, J.M., and A.V. Mehta. 2002. Summary of First GPM Partners Planning Workshop. NASA Conference Publication-2002-210012-GPM Report 1. Available at NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center, 1-37. Shepherd, J.M., and E.A. Smith. 2002. Bridging from TRMM to GPM to 3-Ho?~rly Precipitation Estimates. NASA Tech. Memo.-2002-211602-GP Report 7. Available at NASA- Goddard Space Flight Center, 1-7. Well, J.C., R.I. Sykes, and A. Venkatram. 1992. Evaluating air-quality models: Review and outlook. J. Appl. Meteorol. 31:1121-1145. Well, J.C., L.A. Corio, and R.P. grower. 1997. A PDF dispersion model for buoyant plumes in the convective boundary layer. J. Appl. Meteorol. 36:982-1003. Wilczak, J.M., and J.W. Glendenning. 1988. Observations and mixed-layer modeling of a terrain- induced mesoscale gyro: The Denver Cyclone. Mon. Weal Rev. 116:1599-1622.

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For many years, communities have prepared themselves to deal with accidental atmospheric releases from industrial sites, energy facilities, and vehicles transporting hazardous materials. Today, these communities must also worry about the terrorist threat of the intentional use of chemical, biological, and nuclear (C/B/N) agents. Because of this threat, the ability to predict and track the dispersal of harmful agents has become a critical element of terrorism planning and response.

Our nation�s capacity to respond to atmospheric C/B/N events stands, like a three legged stool, on the strength of three interconnected elements: 1) dispersion models that predict the path and spread of the hazardous agent; 2) observations of the hazardous plume itself and of local meteorological conditions, which provide critical input for the models; and 3) interaction with emergency responders who use the information provided by the models.

As part of the National Academies continuing focus on issues of homeland security, Tracking and Predicting the Atmospheric Dispersion of Hazardous Material Releases examines our nation�s current capabilities in these three areas and provides recommendations for strengthening them.

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