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OCR for page 91
I
URBAN 2000 Overview
Summary of a presentation by Gerald Streit, DOE Los Alamos National Laboratory
The URBAN 2000 tracer and meteorological experiments were conducted during October
2000, and they provide a unique set of nighttime atmospheric dispersion data covering transport
scales from individual buildings on through the urban- to the regional-scale. The URBAN 2000
researchers collaborated closely with DOE's Environmental Meteorology Program by adding
building-scale through urban-scale experiments (URBAN 2000) to their regional-scale Vertical
Transport and Mixing Experiments (VTMX) in the greater Salt Lake City area.
Meteorological measurement and tracer sampling instruments were installed throughout
Salt Lake City and operated for most of the month of October 2000. Instruments were sited to
resolve scales of motion ranging from flows around individual buildings in downtown Salt Lake
City to flows throughout the urban area. The scale of the URBAN 2000 experiment was defined
by an outermost 6 km arc of fixed sampler boxes and track for one of the plume-chasing vans. A
five-block by five-block focus area was more heavily instrumented and the central experimental
site was intensely instrumented during IOPs (Intensive Operations Period). The mobile van, gas
chromatograph, IR, LLNL sonic anemometers, and all sampling instrumentation were deployed
only during the IOPs.
Further mention should be made of the six NOAA vans equipped with fast-response gas
chromatographs for SF6 detection. Four of the vans did plume chasing during the IOPs roughly
following 1, 2, 4, and 6 km arcs to the northwest of the release site. Two vans remained at fixed
locations. During IOPs 2 and 4, Litton Industries deployed a van with a volume scanning Fourier
transform infrared spectrometer. This was used relatively near the release site to map the vertical
extent of the SF6 plume. For a little less than two weeks, from October 19 at 1800 MDT to
October 27 at 1100 MDT, Coherent Technologies Incorporated deployed a wind-tracer doppler
lidar at a site 4 km east of downtown and approximately 400 m higher than downtown. These
dates covered IOPs 8-10. This unit mapped out the radial component of the wind in three
dimensions over the city and up nearby canyons.
Table I.1 gives detail about the shakedown IOP and six full-scale URBAN 2000 IOPs that
were nested within the ten VTMX IOPs. Time-integrated tracer samples (nominally 5-minute to 2-
hour integration times) were collected by 200 samplers located throughout the Salt Lake Basin.
The sampling period extended from just before tracer release start (~2300 MDT) through the night
until the next afternoon (~1300 MDT). The tracer samplers were distributed with the intent to
resolve the various scales of motion being studied: 45 SF6 samplers were located around the
91
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OCR for page 93
APPENDIXI
93
downtown study buildings, 40 combined SF6/PFT (Perfluorocarbon Tracer) samplers and 24 SF6
samplers were located in a 5-block-square area (25 blocks) of downtown; 36 SF6 samplers were
located on three sampling arcs (2, 4, and 6 ion) to the northwest of the downtown SF6 release
location; and 55 PFT samplers were located throughout the Salt Lake Basin. A total of nearly
11,000 SF6 samples and 5,000 PET samples were collected during the tracer experiments. In
addition to the 200 tracer samplers deployed during the combined VTMX/URBAN 2000 experi-
ments, two SF6 analyzers were deployed by LLNL during the IOPs around the downtown study
building.
A summary of meteorological instrumentation deployed for URBAN 2000 follows:
.
Building scale (completely within the core block): 12 two-dimensional sonic
anemometers (the five long-term locations included temperature measurements), 2 three-
dimensional sonic anemometers, and 1 laser ceilometer;
· Urban scale (a five-block by five-block square): 10 portable meterological stations, 3
two-dimensional sonic anemometers (1 station included temperature), 7 three-dimensional sonic
anemometers, and 1 acoustic sodar; and
· 1-6-lon scale: 6 wind stations, 2 acoustic sodars, 1 radar wind profiler, 54 temperature
loggers, 1 Doppler lidar.
The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory temperature loggers were sited on a north-to-south
transect and on a west-to-east transect across Salt Lake City collecting 15-m~nute-average data for the
month of October. They were located on 400 South from 1500 West to 1500 East, and on State from
1500 South to approximately 1500 North, so they crossed the urban- building-scale regimes. Some very
early results for plume concentration measurements during IOP10 are shown in Plate 8.
REFERENCE
Allwine, K.J., J.H. Shinn, G.E. Streit, K.L. Clawson, and M.J. Brown. 2002. Overview of URBAN 2000: A
multi-scale field study of dispersion through an urban environment. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 83:521-
536.
Representative terms from entire chapter:
sonic anemometers
