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Index
A
Accreditation of facilities
Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care International (AAALAC), 9-10
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Index
A
Accreditation of facilities
Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care International (AAALAC), 9-10
Addictive agents, 109, 114-116, 124
behavior, 115, 142
body weight, 115
withdrawal, 114, 115-116
Agency for Health Care Research and Quality, 8
Aggression, 145-157
behavioral screening tests, 134, 135
behavioral stressors, 143, 144
disease models, 96
distress, 16, 17, 125, 147
genetically modified animals, 66, 132, 133
maternal, 106, 107
pain and distress, 16, 17, 125, 174
pharmacological interventions, 146
predation, 18, 127, 143, 145-147
protocol development, 23
sleep loss, 121
social disruption, 36, 145
American Association for Laboratory Animal Science (AALAS), 8
pain, protocols, 18
American College of Veterinary Behaviorists, 24
American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA), 24
euthanasia, 26, 27-28, 108
Analgesics
Animal Welfare Regulations (AWRs), 43-44, 108
disease models, 96
nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), 22, 43
opioid drugs, 20, 22, 43, 103, 104, 106
perinatal studies, 102, 103, 104-106, 108
prolonged nonsurvival studies, 88-91 (passim)
protocols, 17, 22
preemptive analgesia, 42, 43, 89
regulatory oversight, 11, 17, 43-44
surgery, 11, 17, 20, 35, 42-44, 75, 104
Anatomic studies, 71-73
imaging techniques, 83
Anesthesia, 100-101
Animal Welfare Regulations (AWRs), 43-44
balanced anesthesia regimen, 42. 43. 104
euthanasia, 27-28, 108
Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (Guide), 71-72
hypothermia, 105-106
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imaging studies, 83, 84
inhalation anesthetics, 42, 104, 105, 106, 108
injectable anesthetics, 42, 106
lesions, 98
local anesthesia, 22, 43, 96, 98
multiple major survival surgeries, 32
neurophysiologic recording, 75
professional training, 30, 31
perinatal studies, 102, 103, 104-106, 108
prolonged nonsurvival studies, 88-91 (passim)
protocols, 17, 20, 22
regulatory oversight, 11, 17, 43-44
surgery, 11, 17, 32, 37, 41, 42-44, 45, 46, 75, 104
U.S. Government Principles, 42
vocalizations, 106
Animal Care Policies (APHIS/AC Policies), 7-8, 10-11, 17-18
food regulation, 52
prolonged nonsurvival studies, 92
surgeries, 41, 92
Animal husbandry, see Husbandry and nursing care
Animal and Plant health Inspection Service, 7
see also Animal Care Policies (APHIS/ AC Policies), 7-8, 10-11, 17-18
Animal Welfare Act, enforcement, 7
Animal Care Panel, 8
Animal Welfare Act (AWA), viii, 3, 7-11 (passim), 17-18, 39, 41
Animal Welfare Regulations (AWRs)
anesthetics and analgesics, 43-44
euthanasia, 26-27
fetal surgery, 107-108
food regulation, 52
oversight agencies, general, 7, 8, 9, 12
pain and distress, 17
physical restraint, 49
professional training, 30
prolonged nonsurvival studies, 92
protocols, 13, 17, 39-40
social disruption, 145
surgery, 37-45 (passim), 107-108
Anxiety, 21, 23
behavioral screening of genetically modified animals, 135-136
housing of multiple species, 36-37
physical restraint, 48
Anxiolytics, 23, 43, 90, 135
Appetitive stimuli, 123-125, 130, 138
animal care and use concerns, 126-128
protocols, 126
reasons for, 125-126
terminology, 123-125
Aseptic techniques, 32, 37, 38, 44-45
implants and probes, 73, 76, 80-82, 92-93, 97
lesions, 87
neurophysiologic recording in awake, behaving animals, 72, 73, 75, 78, 79-80, 81-82
professional training, 31
prolonged nonsurvival studies, 76, 89, 92-93
surgery, 37, 38, 40, 44-45, 72, 73, 75, 78, 79
Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care International (AAALAC), 9-10
Automated systems, see Computer applications and automated systems
Aversive stimuli, 138-139
animal care and use concerns, 52, 126-128
food and fluid regulation, 52
neural injury and diseases, 100, 101
protocol development, 21, 28
reasons for, 125-126
sound, 117
terminology, 123-125
Awake, behaving animals
see also Neurophysiologic recording in awake, behaving animals;
Physical restraints
animal care and use concerns, 76
occupational health and safety concerns, 82
zoonoses, protocols, 29, 46, 85
B
Behavior, vii, viii, 1
see also Awake behaving animals;
Distress;
terms beginning “Behavior...”
addictive drugs, 115, 142
disease models, 94-95, 96
distress assessment, protocols, 21, 22
fluid regulation, 50, 51, 57
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multi-disciplinary teams, 12-14
neurologic deficits, 32
occupational health, 14, 29
pharmacological/toxicological studies, 103-104
physical restraint, 46
pilot, 3, 14-15, 19, 27
principle investigator (PI), 12, 13, 26, 28, 64
professional training, 30
prolonged nonsurvival studies, 89
Red Book, vii
sample size, 13, 14, 15
surgery, 17, 20, 38, 39, 41-42
veterinarians, 12, 13, 14-15, 23, 26
Public health considerations
see also Occupational safety and health
imaging studies, 85
transportation of animals, 41-42
Public health Security and Bioterrorsim Act, 116
Public Health Service, 8
Public Health Service Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (PHS Policy)
euthanasia, 37
pain and distress, 17
professional training, 30
protocols, 12, 17, 37
regulatory oversight, 8, 9, 10
surgery, 39
R
Rabbits
pain indicators, 17
physical restraint, 46
surgery, 41
Rats
behavioral screening, 130, 131, 132
euthanasia, decapitation, 27
fluid regulation, 56, 57
food regulation, 52, 53-54
genetically modified animals, 62
lesions, 97
pain assessment, 18, 100, 103
physical restraint, 54
regulations concerning, 8
sleep deprivation, 121
zoonoses, 29
Red Book, see Preparation and Maintenance of Higher Mammals During Neuroscience Experiments, vii
Regulatory issues, viii, ix, 2, 3, 4, 7-11
see also Animal Care Policies (APHIS/ AC Policies);
Animal Welfare Regulations (AWRs);
Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (Guide);
Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees (IACUCs);
Legislation;
Protocols;
Public Health Service Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (PHS Policy);
Standards;
U.S. Government Principles for the Utilization and Care of Vertebrate Animals Use in Testing, Research, and Training (US Government Principles)
agencies/oversight bodies involved, 7-10
analgesics and anesthesia, 11, 17, 43-44
behavioral screening of pharmacology/ toxicology studies, 129-131
behavioral studies, 8-9
behavioral training, 30
distress, 10, 16-18
fetal surgery, 107-108
funding of studies, 8
Internet sites, 7, 8, 9
occupational health and safety, 14
outcome assessment, animal welfare, 9
pain and distress, 10, 16-18
professional training in, 8-9
sample size, 10
sedatives, 11, 17
surgical procedures, 37, 40
veterinarians, 7, 9, 13, 33
Restraints, 46-49
anxiety, 48
behavioral tasks, 74, 76
chairing, 49, 74, 76, 77-78
conditioning animals to , 48
consequences of, 48-49
distress, 46-49 (passim), 77
head-restraint systems, 77, 78-79, 81
humane endpoints, 49
methods, 47-48, 49, 74, 76, 77-78
neurophysiologic recording, 74-81 (passim)
observation of animals, 47
prolonged restraint, 46, 48-49
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protocols, 46
reasons for, 46, 73-74
tethering, 76, 77
Rodents
see also Mice;
Rats
anesthetics, 105
addicative drugs, 115
behavioral screening, 130, 135
fetal studies, 105
pain indicators, 17, 103
swimming, 74, 118-119, 128, 134, 141
surgery, 20, 38, 41, 46
transgenic, vii
S
Sample size
determining, 4, 175-180
genetically modified animals, 64-65
pilot studies, 14, 15, 175
protocols, 13, 14, 15
regulatory oversight, 10
Sedatives
euthanasia, 27-28
imaging studies, 84
monitoring and, 34
perinatal studies, 103
postsurgical pain, 41
regulatory oversight, 11, 17
Skin condition, 46, 79, 82. 91, 121, 139, 140
hydration indicator, 61
physical restraints, 76
Sleep deprivation, 20, 109, 120-122
Social disruptions, 143-144, 146
aggression, 36, 145
postoperative, 36
predation, 146
restricted social environment, 144
social isolation, 143-144, 148
social separation, 142, 143-144
Special environments, 36-37
Standards, 1
see also Performance standards;
Protocols;
Regulatory issues
anesthetic, neonates, 105
best practices, 1, 3
disease models, occupational health, 85
international, 9-10
Statistical analysis, 15
see also Sample size
Stem cell and gene-therapy studies, 62-63, 86-93, 133
animal care and use concerns, 86-87
occupational health and safety, 87
Stress, see Behavioral stressors;
Distress
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 8
Surgery, 4, 37-46
see also Implants and probes
anatomic studies, 71-73
analgesia, 11, 17, 20, 35, 42-44, 75, 104
anesthesia, 11, 17, 32, 37, 41, 42-44, 45, 46, 75, 104
Animal Welfare Regulations (AWRs), 37-45 (passim), 107-108
APHIS/AC Policies, 41, 92
asepsis, 37, 38, 40, 44-45, 72, 73, 75, 78, 79
balanced anesthesia regimens, 42. 43. 104
dedicated surgical facilities, 38, 39, 45, 72, 80, 81, 90
definition, 37-38
fetal studies, 105, 107-108
Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (Guide), 37-38, 39, 44, 45, 71-72, 107-108
hypothermia, 41, 45-46, 105
Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees (IACUCs), 37-45 (passim), 108
lesions, 97
major vs minor, 37, 38, 39-40
medical records
modified surgical setting/modified laboratory setting, 39, 72, 76, 78, 79
monitoring, 35-36, 38, 41, 45-46, 72, 106-107
multiple major survival surgeries, 32, 40-41, 76, 78-79, 97
neonatal studies, 106
neurophysiologic recording, 73-82
performance standards, 38-39, 79
planning for survival procedures, 41-42
postsurgical recovery, 35-36, 38, 41, 45-46, 72, 106-107
preemptive analgesia, 42, 43, 89
principle investigator (PI), 37, 38
professional training, 30
prolonged nonsurvival studies, 3, 4, 75, 76, 88-93
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protocols, 17, 20, 38, 39, 41-42
rabbits, 41
removal of food, 41
regulatory issues, 37, 40
rodent surgery, 20, 38, 41, 46
survival vs nonsurvival, 37, 38, 41-46
transportation to surgical facilities, 41-42
veterinarians, 37-45 (passim)
Survival studies, 4, 71-86
anatomic, 71-73
imaging, viii, 71, 74, 83-87
multiple major survival surgeries, 32, 40-41, 76, 78-79, 97
neurophysiology
pain/distress, protocols, 15-16
stem cell and gene-therapy
surgical procedures, 37, 40-42
T
Thermoregulation, 23, 25, 27, 116-117
see also Hypothermia
food regulation 52-53
genetically modified animals, 66, 67
imaging studies, 84-85
neonatal studies, 105, 106
prolonged nonsurvival studies, 92
swimming, 119
3 Rs, 10-11
Tissue cultures, see Cell/tissue cultures
Toxicological, see Pharmacological/ toxicological studies
Training, see Behavioral training;
Professional training
Training and supervision of animals, see Behavioral training
Transgenic animals, vii, 61, 62, 64, 134-135, 136, 181-190
colonies, number of animals required, 4, 181-190
pain/distress, protocols, 15-16
Transportation to and from facilities
imaging studies, 84, 85-86
occupational health and safety, 84, 85-86, 87
public health concerns, 41-42
surgical facilities, 41-42
U
Urine, see Feces and urine
U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, 116
U.S. Government Principles for the Utilization and Care of Vertebrate Animals Use in Testing, Research, and Training (US Government Principles), 9, 10, 16-17
anesthesia/analgesia, 42
pain, 138-139
physical restraint, 46
prolonged nonsurvival studies, 88-89
U.S. Health Research Extension Act, 8
V
Veterinarians, vii, viii, ix, 1, 4
American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA), 24, 26
anesthetics and analgesics, 444
appetitive and aversive stimuli, 126
behavioral assessment of animal health, 23-24
behavioral stressors, 144
disease models, 94, 95, 96
euthanasia, 26, 28
fetal surgery, 108
fluid regulation, 56, 58, 139
food restriction, 139
housing of multiple species, 37
husbandry and nursing care, 34
humane endpoints, 26
monitoring, 32-33, 34, 79
neurophysiologic recording in awake, behaving animals, 79, 81, 82
pain and distress management, 23-24
pilot studies, 14
professional training, 31
prolonged nonsurvival studies, 91, 92, 93
protocols, 12, 13, 14-15, 23, 26
regulatory controls, 7, 9, 13, 33
surgical procedures, 37-45 (passim)
Vocalizations, 19, 33
anesthesia, 106
genetically modified animals, 66
social disruption, 144
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W
Water consumption and regulation, see Fluid regulation
Weight, see Body weight
World Wide Web, see Internet
Z
Zoonoses
imaging studies, 85
occupational exposures, 29, 46, 82, 95
physical restraint, 46
transportation of animals, public health, 41-42
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