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OCR for page 105
Appendix A
Original and Suggested Time Lines for EPA Research Projects
The following tables illustrate the original project time lines as set forth in the EPA draft
Implementation Plan (EPA, 2003b) and suggested scheduling revisions proposed by the panel. These
revisions summarize the ideas related to project scheduling that are presented in the body of the report
and are intended to provide general guidance to EPA water security program managers. The original
schedules are displayed as black bars, and revisions for certain projects are shown in the table as gray
bars. This appendix does not capture other proposed changes for the projects (e.g., emphasis, approach,
or improved linkages with other projects) that are described in Chapter 3 of Part I.
The project titles have been abbreviated and organized below under the research and technical
support needs as written in the EPA Water Security Research and Technical Support Action Plan. New
research and technical support needs and projects that have been suggested by the panel in Parts I and II
are included in the table, denoted by the word "PROPOSED." The time lines for projects shown in
italics (see section 4.0) were not reviewed.
Legend:
..................................................
.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
Original EPA scheduling as proposed in the draft Implementation Plan (EPA, 2003b)
Suggested adjustment to project scheduling
Time period during which continued updates and revision are necessary as new information
becomes available, although the effort may be less intense
105
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106
Appendix A
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3.1.a. Identification and prioritization of physical and cyber threats
3. l.a. 1. Identification of physical and cyber
threats scenarios
3.1.a.2. Lessons learned via vulnerability
assessments
3.1.a.3. Evaluation of vulnerability assessment
methodologies
3.1.a.4. Refining of methodologies for
vulnerability assessments
r-:
....................................................
........................................................................................................
1
3.1.b. Understanding the consequences of physical or cyber attacks on drinking water infrastructure
3.1 .b. 1. Evaluation of models to address conse-
quences of phys/cyber attacks on infrastructure
3. l.b.2. Assessment of consequences of
phys./cyber attacks on water system integrity
3. l.b.3. Assessment of consequences of pressur-
ized water loss on other infrastructure sectors
3. l.b.4. Compilation of technical info. and tools
for enhanced consequence analysis
. _—. ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,T,
................................................................................
1 ~
1_
3.1.c. Countermeasures to prevent or mitigate physical and cyber attacks on water infrastructure
3.1 .c. 1. Preparation of voluntary design stan-
dards
3. l .c.2. Protection standards for SCADA and
other computer systems
3.1.c.3. Identification of phys. countermeasures
to minimize threats and consequences of attacks
3.1.c.4. Assessment of security measures for
storage and transport of hazardous materials
New PROPOSED Need: Assessing costs and benefits of preventative countermeasures
PROPOSED: Assessment of costs and benefits
associated with various security countermeasures
PROPOSED: Research on rate structures to fi-
nance improved water system security
PROPOSED: Develop a manual on the value of
water, inc. water security, and rate structures
__
iSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiS: iSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiS:
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Appendix A
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3.2.a. Development of a list of contaminants and threat scenarios
3.2.a. 1. Preparation of a prioritized list of
contaminants (and contain. classes)
3.2.a.2. Identification and prioritization of
contaminant threat scenarios
1 ~
.............................................................................................. .............................................................................................
...................................................... ...............................................................................................
3.2.a.3. Improved understanding of biologically
produced toxins as contaminants
3.2.b. Development of a database on critical contaminants.
3.2.b. 1. Development of a database of
contaminants
3.2.b.2. Development of guidance on the use of ~ _
this system
3.2.b.3. Improved understanding of contaminant
properties based on gaps in database
3.2.b.4. Information survey about contaminant
background levels in drinking water
3.2.c. Development of a surrogate/simulant database
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__~
~ rip
3 .2.c. 1. Development of a surrogate/simulant
database for priority contaminants
3.2.c.2. Development of guidance on the use of
this database
3.2.d. Means for maintaining and transmitting information on contaminants and threat scenarios
3.2.d. 1. Evaluation of existing methods/means
for info. sharing on contaminants
3.2.d.2. Development of framework to evaluate
the sensitivity of information
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3.3.a. A "play book" for analytical response
3.3.a.1. Preparation of a draft analytical response
module for drinking water contaminant threats
3.3.a.2. Development of a protocol to analyze
'`unknowns"
3.3.a.3. Lab testing and validation of analytical
protocol using round robin approach
3.3.a.4. End-user testing and validation of ana-
lytical response protocol
3.3.a.5. Development of improved protocol
based on lessons learned in projects 3-4
3.3.a.6. Update the analytical response "play
book"
. ~~—~1
....................................................................................... ..............................................
_ .......................
~~:
....................................................... ............................................. -
3.3.b. Improved analytical hardware and analysis methodologies
3.3.b.1. Development of concentration tech-
niques for priority biological contaminants
3.3.b.2. Adaptation of NEMI database for water
security
. ~— — .......................................................................
................ ............................................................................................. ............................................................................................... .......................................
3.3.b.3. Analysis and compilation of existing ~ ~
analyt.hardware end methods for wafer security I l l l l l
3.3.b.4. Understanding and definition of analysis ~
goals,suchas date qualify objectives l l l
3.3.b.4 (Impl.Plan). Development of list of ex-
isting protocols for microbiological contaminants
3.3.b.5. Development and application of new
analyt. hardware and methods for contaminants
3.3.b.6. Updating the NEMI database and "play ~
book" based on the above projects l l l l l l
3.3.c. Requirements for monitoring technologie is
3.3.c. 1. Analysis of water utility and org. stan-
dards for technology design and operation l l
3.3.c.2. Identification of desired monitoring ~ _
technology characteristics for water contami-
nants
3.3.c.3. Implementation of approach for advanc- ~ -
ing desired tech. characteristics via collaboration
3.3.c.4. Incorporation of lessons learned in above
projects into analytical response "play book"
PROPOSED: Develop sampling protocols for
water sec. threat scenarios, incl. worker safety
PROPOSED: Examine spatial/temporal sam-
pling requirements and incorporate into protocols _
3.3.d. Testing and evaluation of monitoring technologies
3.3.d. 1. Evaluation of existing monitoring tech-
nologies for response to changes in water quality
3.3.d.2. Preparation of preliminary SOPs for
evaluating monitoring technologies
.......................
,..........
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3.3.d. Testing and evaluation of monitoring technologies (cont.)
3.3.d.3. Evaluation of detectors from non-water
sectors for their utility for water monitoring
3.3.d.4. Evaluation of big-sensors and bio- ~
monitors for response to changes in water quality l l l
3.3.d.5. Preparation of revised SOPs for _'
evaluating monitoring technologies
3.3.d.6. Preparation of handbook on current/
emerging water security monitoring technologies r
3.3.e. Early warning systems
3.3.e. 1. Survey of EWSs that could be used in - _
protecting wafer l l l l l l
3.3.e.2. Pilot testing of EWSs for early warning
foontam~n:~bon event | _
3.3.e.3. Field testing of EWSs for early warning
of contamination event
3.3.e.4. Preparation of handbook on applications
of EWSs for water security
3.3.f. Assessment of national laboratory capacity
3.3.f. 1. Assessment of existing lab analytical _
capacity/capability and development of database | ~1~- ~ ~ ~ 1- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
3.3.f.2. Determine labs able to run protocol from _
3.3.a; structure a network for utilities
3.3.f.3. Conduct a gap analysis for resources,
training, methods
3.3.f.4. Integrate labs into a nat'1 network or _ _
other mechanisms to meet water emery. needs
3.3.f.5. Development of a plan for inter-lab _ _
coordination and information exchange I I ~
. _
3.3.g. Training
3.3.g.1. Training exercises to ensure prepared-
ness of analytical labs for contam.events
3.3.g.2. Training exercises for field personnel on
use of detection technologies for response
3.3.g.3. Training exercises for field personnel on
use of monitoring systems for mitigation
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3.4.a. Improved distribution system models
3.4.a.1. Analysis of EPANET, Pipeline Net,
Modflow, and other hydraulic models
3.4.a.2. Develop module for merging health data,
GIS, and SCADA data with hydraulic models
3.4.a.3. Use models to determine strategic
locations of backflow prevention devices
3.4.a.4. Decision tree for utilities for use in
determining background info. needs
3.4.a.5. Investigation of"real time" monitors and
impact of instrument noise
3.4.a.6. Determine how distr. sys. models could
be used to identify weak points in the system
3.4.a.7. Creation of analysis tool for using distri-
bution system models in small systems
3.4.a.8. Development of analysis tool for using
distribution system models post-endpoint
3.4.a.9. Investigation of contaminants in pipe
loops
PROPOSED: Conduct an inventory of water
systems to assess hydraulic models
PROPOSED: Refine distribution system models
to consider decay rates of water contaminants
,...................................................
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3.4.b. Understanding the fate of contaminants once they are released
3.4.b. 1. Develop a protocol for actions if a _
contaminant is introduced in drinking water
3.4.b.2. Assessment of the environmental fate of _
water contaminants
3 4 b 3 Investigation of contaminant attachment
.... .....................................................................................
to Colon .ms or pipe wa . .s
3.4.c. Treatment processes for water and equil ~ment that hav~ e been contami nated
3.4.c. 1. Review of literature for treatability
information for most likely contaminants
3.4.c.2. Prepare a method for evaluating
treatment tech. efficacy for likely contaminants
3.4.c.3. Bench-scale studies on disinfection
capabilities of typical treatment technologies
3.4.c.4. Bench-scale studies on removal
capabilities of typical treatment technologies
3.4.c.5. Identification of POW/POE contaminant
treatment capabilities and disposal procedures
3.4.c.6. Identify contaminants that may create
hazardous byproducts due to disinfectants
3.4.c.7. Develop treatment technology
capabilities for disposal of contaminated water
3.4.c.8. Develop contaminant treatment
technology documents and database
3.4.c.9. Develop guidance for the discharge of
cleaning water that may be contaminated
3.4.d. A guide for determining when a system is contaminated and when it can be used
3.4.d. 1. Develop protocols to address water us-
age concerns (when a system is safe to use)
............................................
...............................................
,......
.......
.......
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l ~
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. .
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1 .........
1 """"""""""""1
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1""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""' 1
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Appendix A
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3.5.a. Assessment of water supply alternatives
3.5.a. 1. Case studies that provide spectrum of
contingency planning situations
3.5.a.2. Assessment of truck-mounted and
portable water treatment facilities
3.5.a.3. Assessment of redundancy approaches to
assure continuity in water supplies
3.5.a.4. Analysis of optimal water supply sources
using a GIS-based approach
3.5.a.5. Develop a compendium of options for
providing alternate water supplies
3.5.b. Evaluation of approaches for providing water in the event of both long-term and short-term disruptions
3.5.b. 1. Assessment of technologies for short and
long-term water delivery
3.5.b.2. Evaluation of the most promising water
supply technologies
3.5.c. An improved understanding of water sy. stem interdependencies with other infrastructure
3.5.c.1. Identification and analysis of critical
infrastructures interdependencies that affect wa-
ter
New PROPOSED Need: Failure of the "human subsystem" in system operations and development of contingencies
PROPOSED: Determine circumstances where
systems impacted by incapacitated personnel
I I 1 --.
1 1 1222222222222222222222222222222""""""""""""""""
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3~6~. An improved understa'~(l~g of exposure routes and contaminant healIb elects
3.~.1. Compilatiol~ oLdatabase on non-~ancer
::health effects Id wl conta~nin`~ts
>.6.~2. Evaluation of contaminant composure
routes and the likelihood o17~-iability
3.~.~.3~ C:rc~atio:n of into. portal on composure
routes and healtl~ ct~s ~~ mater [l~reats
3.~.a.~. ~~7ie\\'7 0t models to estimate doses ~e-
garding cont;~min;~nt toxicity or ;~cti~rity
. ·_
........... t - - - - - -
............... 1
, ~ __
, ..............................................
3~.b. A health su'~7eillance network assoc~:~d with cont:am'nated drinking water
1 1 ~ 1
>.6.l~. l ~ Collaboration ~~i CDC in developing
health surv-cill`~e network assoc. with water
3.6~. Methodology ~r using non-trad:'tional data soirees deriving acute anal chronic t0~:~:~7 `:~8 applied to water
3~6 c. 1. Plop methodology for cMrapolating
L:13~, data to (leri~re toxicity foci pi iority contain.
3.~.2. Develop methodology for using Q5AR
to estimate toxicity for priority costar
1 i i i
3~6.d. Fra~ne``rorl~ for assessing and ~~ng rack
3.~.61 1. ADO1YSiS o35~rer~t approaches foci ris:k
assessmentimanagemc~nt to respond to anacks
p~oaches via s~mulat~ol~s and table top exercises 1 | ~ @=
3.~.d.3. 13~-velop protocol for risk assessors/
. ~ . . , ...................................................................
lnanagers in arc lesslng aDac `s on water Slipp. .~OS ............ ............... ................. - -
3.6.~. Methods and means to co~nm'~n~ate r:~]
>~6.~1. Creation or atlap~tion of ~ Risk Assess-
ment.fRisk C:vmm:~nication Fra~neworl~
3~6 d.2. T esting risk assess;me~tl~ngmt ap-
. . . ~ . ~ ~ ~
3.~.~.2~ ~P:rc~par~:ion oLmate:~;als that facilitate
Ably response to cust:~s
3.~.e.3. DoYck~pment of a ~epositc,'y of in~rma-
t:ion and :matc~rials for response to attack
>~6.~. De`~cIop~l~el~t of ~l~et:hotls for ink. shar-
ing on ~ isk assessment~'m~mt methodologies
-P:ROPOSEl3: Analyze when to rc~leasc~ ink. vs~
when to witl~hold it: due to security; concen~s
PRO:POSED: Conduct case stutly 8~01YS;S 03: risk
co:mm. strateg;~s Or past disaster events
P:ROPOSEL) Develop nail. training program on
risk comm planning Or \A<78tel' managers
PROPOSEI). 1Ar~a1~e [`iactors that build trust'
reduce Bars and prevent panic to improve cream.
PROPOSED: Analyze methods to reduce 1llisin-
-~rmation being dist. to public and sti~cholders
. __
.............................. ..............................................
I_
, ..
, ..
, ..
, .
:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:
...............................................
,.......................
:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-
.............................................................................................
:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:
:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:
, ...........
,.......................
:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-
...................................................
.................................................
...................................................
.......................................................
·:::::::
:.:.:.:
:~
.......
................... ~,.~.~,.~.~,.~.~,.
......................................................................
:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.
............
:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:
.-.-.-.-.-...........................................................
:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:
:~
.~
·:~
.-.-.-.-.-...........................................................
:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:
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Appendix A
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4.0.a. Documentation of wastewater threats including interdependencies
4.0.a.1. Identification of potential threats for
wastewater infrastructure
4.0.a.2. Assessment of countermeasures or
system redundancies
4.0.a.3. Evaluation of"unattended operations"
and how they can be protected
4.0.a.4. Assessment of linkages between
drinking water and wastewater systems
4.0.a.5. Analysis of interdependencies between
critical infrastructures related to ww
PROPOSED: Examine worker safety and
protection during water security attacks
~~ ~~ ~~ i
........ ...........................................
........
4. 0. e. 3. Improvement of risk communication
tools for those responsible for ww systems
PROPOSED: Examine procedures for managing
cont. waste based on ww threat scenarios
4.0.f. Methods to maintain and transmit contaminant and threat information
4. O.f:1. Evaluation of information sharing
methods on wastewater contaminants
4. 0.f:2. Develop a frameworkfor evaluating
wastewater information sensitivity
4.0.b. Risks related to hazardous substances used by wastewater utilities
4.0.b. l . Preparation of a "Baseline Threat
Document" for wastewater systems
4. 0.b.2. Screening level risk assessment of
contaminant threats to wastewater systems
4. 0.b.3. Comparative assessment of alternatives
to disinfection that uses chlorine
4. O.b.4. Evaluate ww treatment technologies that
can more effectively remove contaminants
4.0.b.5. Evaluate contaminant impacts on sew- _
age sludge and other residuals
4.0.c. Intrusion monitoring and surveillance technologies
4.0.c.1. Assess methods for controlling
inappropriate access to wastewater systems
4.0.c.2. Assess techn. for identifying physical
threats and contain. introduction into ww sys
4. 0. c. 3. Evaluation of intrusion monitoring and
surveillance technologies for wastewater systems
4. 0. c. 4. Assessment of models for simulating
movement of hazardous materials in ww systems
4. 0. c. 5. Assessment of technologies for
continuous monitoring for explosive/ toxic gases
4. 0.c. 6. Identification of cyber threats to controls
of ww systems and means to protect them
4.0.d. Improved designs for wastewater systems
4.0.d.1. Preparation Design standards and | l
recommendations for construction for security I l
4.0.e. Enhanced prevention and response planning methods
4.0.e. 1. Development of "play books" for
wastewater security response
4. 0.e.2. Preparation of wastewater table top
exercises for threat scenarios
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5.1a. Collaborative research and technical support
5. l.a. 1. Support to the Distribution Systems l l l
Research Consortium l l l l l
5.2.a. Technology advancement
5.2.a. 1. ETV water security technology testing: _
program outreach and support
5.2.a.2. ETV water security technology testing: ~ _
detection technologies
5.2.a.3. ETV water security technology testing: ~ _
point of use water treatment
5.2.a.4. Testing of wastewater and residuals _
treatment systems in support of security issues
5.2.a.5. Support for Technology Advancement at
the less-than-commercial-ready stage
5.3.a. Information sharing
5.3.a. 1. Example practices in water security-- _
targeted products from the NHSRC
5.3.a.2. Information sharing support for NHSRC |
PROPOSED: Analysis of the consequences of
various levels of information security
PROPOSED: Assess the benefits and limitations
of existing methods of dissemination
PROPOSED: Investigate ways to improve two-
. . ........................
way commumcahon.
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Representative terms from entire chapter:
threat scenarios
