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A History of the First Half-Century of the National Academy of Sciences: 1863-1913 (1913)

Chapter: APPENDIX II LIST OF MEMBERS AND FOREIGN ASSOCIATES

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Suggested Citation:"APPENDIX II LIST OF MEMBERS AND FOREIGN ASSOCIATES." National Research Council. 1913. A History of the First Half-Century of the National Academy of Sciences: 1863-1913. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Suggested Citation:"APPENDIX II LIST OF MEMBERS AND FOREIGN ASSOCIATES." National Research Council. 1913. A History of the First Half-Century of the National Academy of Sciences: 1863-1913. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Page 336
Suggested Citation:"APPENDIX II LIST OF MEMBERS AND FOREIGN ASSOCIATES." National Research Council. 1913. A History of the First Half-Century of the National Academy of Sciences: 1863-1913. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Page 337
Suggested Citation:"APPENDIX II LIST OF MEMBERS AND FOREIGN ASSOCIATES." National Research Council. 1913. A History of the First Half-Century of the National Academy of Sciences: 1863-1913. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Page 338
Suggested Citation:"APPENDIX II LIST OF MEMBERS AND FOREIGN ASSOCIATES." National Research Council. 1913. A History of the First Half-Century of the National Academy of Sciences: 1863-1913. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Page 339
Suggested Citation:"APPENDIX II LIST OF MEMBERS AND FOREIGN ASSOCIATES." National Research Council. 1913. A History of the First Half-Century of the National Academy of Sciences: 1863-1913. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Page 340
Suggested Citation:"APPENDIX II LIST OF MEMBERS AND FOREIGN ASSOCIATES." National Research Council. 1913. A History of the First Half-Century of the National Academy of Sciences: 1863-1913. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Page 341
Suggested Citation:"APPENDIX II LIST OF MEMBERS AND FOREIGN ASSOCIATES." National Research Council. 1913. A History of the First Half-Century of the National Academy of Sciences: 1863-1913. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Suggested Citation:"APPENDIX II LIST OF MEMBERS AND FOREIGN ASSOCIATES." National Research Council. 1913. A History of the First Half-Century of the National Academy of Sciences: 1863-1913. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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A P P E N D I X I LIST OF OFFICERS PRESIDENT From ALEXANDER DALLAS BACHE . . . . . JOSEPH HENRY ~ acting) JOSEPH HENRY O. C. MARSH ~ acting) . . . WILLIAM B. ROGERS O. C. MARSH (acting) 0. C. MARSH . Apr~1 WOLCOTT GIBBS April ..April ..April . Anril ASAPH HALL ~ acting) ....... ALEXANDER AGASSIZ IRA REMSEN ....... JAMES D. DANA..... JOSEPH HENRY ......... WILLIAM CHAUVENET .. W OLCOTT GIBBS ....... 0. C. MARSH......... SIMON NEWCOMB .... ~ _% . · — 1863 January 25, 1866 . . January 26, 1868 ... May I3, 1878 . . April I6, 1879 . . May 30, 1882 20, 1883 I9, 1895 I9, 1900 I8, I90I I8, 1907 iTICE-PRESIDENT From 1863 . January 25, 1866 ........ January 26, 1868 ... .... April I9, 1872 . . . .. . . April I6, 1878 ........... April 20, 1883 b. A. CANGLEY ....... April I 7, 1889 F. A. WALKER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . April 24, I89I ASAPH HALL April 22, 1897 IRA REMSEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . April 23, 19°3 CHARLES D. W ALCOTT April I8, I go7 · — . — · · Date of death. 2 Date of resignation. To February January May April May April April April April April I4, 18671 26, 1868 I3, 18781 I6, 1879 30, 1882 20, 1883 I9, 1895 I9, 19002 I8, I90I I8, 1907 To August 23, 18652 January 26, 1868 December I3, 18701 April I6, 1878 April 20, 1883 April I7, 1889 April 24, I89I 2 January 5, 18971 April 23, 1903 April I8, 1907 335

l 336 W OLCOTT GIBBS .. J. E. HILGAKD... J. H. C. COFFIN. SIMON NEWCOMB ASAPH HALL ........... IRA REMSEN ... NOLD HAGUE APPENDICES HOME SECRETARY From 1863 I9, 1872 I6, 1878 22, I88I 20, 1883 22, 1897 I8, I90I . ... — . . April . . April . . April . . April ...... April . April FOREIGN SECRETARY To April I9, 18722 April I6, 1878 April 22, I88I2 April 20, 1883 April 22, 1897 April I8, I90I FrOm TO Louis AGASSIZ 1863 December I4, 18731 F. A. P. BARNARD April 25, 1874 April I6, 1880 ALEXANDER AGASSIZ . . . . . . . . . . . . April I 6, 1880 April 23, 1886 WOLCOTT GIBBS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . April 23, 1886 April I9, 1895 ALEXANDER AGASSIZ . April I9, 1895 April I8, I90I IRA REMSEN . April -I8, I90I April 23, 1903 SIMON NEWCOMB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . April 23, I 903 April 22, 1909 ALEXANDER AGASSIZ . April 22, 1909 March 27, I9IO ! ; GEORGE E. HALE . April 2I, I9IO TREASURER - From To FAIRMAN ROGERS Is63 April 22, I88I 2 J. H. C. COFFIN April 22, I88I April 22, 1887 J. S. BILLINGS . April 22, IS87 April 22, 1898 CHARLES D. wALcorT. . . . . . . . . . .April 22, 1898 April I7, 1902 2 S. F. EMMONS . April I7, 1902 March 28, I9III WHITMAN CROSS ( acting) . . . . . . . . March 28, I9II April 20, I9II WHITMAN CROSS April 20, I 9 II - 1 Date of death. 2 Date of resignation.

APPENDIX II LIST OF MEMBERS AND FOREIGN ASSOCIATES MEMBERS Date of Election ABBE, CLEVELAND U. S. Weather Bureau, Washington, D. C. 1879 ABBOT, HENRY L., U. S. A 23 Berkeley St Cambridge. Mass. 1872 ABEL, JOHN JACOB . . . . . . . . . . J V1AAA~ ~ ~V~AAA~ ~ AAA V -^ -a-' ~ ~~A-~-VA -, ~ ~~- ALLEN, J. ASAPH...American Museum of Natural History, N. Y. City. AMES, JOSEPH S.... .. .... Johns Honkins Universitv. Baltimore. Md. R A"`Y ANTI ~ ~ , ~ , Tab - C! "~^I,;~O TT^;~7PrO;~`T RO1~;~P 1\~A ~ ~ —Or- --a ~ ~ A ~ AA, A. ~ Yerkes Observatory, Williams Bay, Wis. BARDS, cARL Brown University, Providence, R. I. 1#~^, ~~¢ ~ U. S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. BELL, A. GRAHAM 1331 Connecticut Ave., Washington, D. C. BILLINGS, JOHN S., U. S. A.1 32 E. Thirty-first St., New York City. BOAS, FRANz Franklin Ave., Grantwood, N. J. BOTHER, MAXIME Harvard Universitv. Cambridge. Mass. Rr`T Steen R R RU~12 ~~U F ,, O. Va1- TTni`TPrCi1~`T NP`xr Warren C.^nn I9I2 I 876 I 909 I9I I I 892 I9OI I 883 I 883 I 900 I 909 ~~ ~ ~ vat Avow ~~ me . . . . . . . . . . . ... .. . ~ ~ ^~ J ~ ~ ~ ~~ . I 9 I I BOLZA, OsKAR Marienstrasse 7, Freiburg, Germany. 1909 BRANNER, JOHN C Stanford University, California. 1905 IT T n ~ ptani~rrl TTniv~r~;t`T (~.al;fr~rnia I9IO I 902 I90I I 903 I 874 I 888 1890 I 908 1909 1909 I 899 I 908 I 909 1904 I 872 I 909 I 908 1—A 1~ODTIT T 1}C7TT T T A %4 MAT ~~ ^^ ~~, A. Stanford University, California. ADAM or 1~lAl~l or .....Lick Observatory, Mount Hamilton, Calif. CATTELL, JAMES M cK Garrison' N. Y. CHAMBERLIN, THOMAS C university of Chicago, Chicago, Ill. CHANDLER, CHARLES F Columbia University, New York City. CHANDLER, SETH C Box z~6, Wellesley Hills, Mass. CHITTENDEN, RUSSELL H.. Sheffield Scientific School, New Haven, Conn. CLARK, W. B Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md. CLARKE, F. W U. S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. CLARKE, J. M State Hall, Albany, N. Y. COMSTOCK, GEORGE C Washburn Observatory, Madison, Wis. CONKLIN, E. G.... , . . . . Princeton, N. J. COULTER, l. M University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill. COUNCILMAN, WM. T Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass. CRAFTS, JAMES M 59 Marlborough St., Boston, Mass. CREW, HENRY Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill. CROSS, WHITMAN U. S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. Died March To, zag. 337

338 APPENDICES Date of Election DALL, WILLIAM H Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. 1897 DANA, EDWARD S Ya1e University, New Haven, Conn. 1884 DAVENPORT, CHARLES B. . . . . . Cold Spring Harbor, N. Y. ~ 9 ~ ~ 1904 191 ~ Go 1895 1879 08 ~908 ~883 1873 1897 ~890 ~885 ~902 191 191 ~889 191 ~ 1872 ~874 8 ~885 05 ~905 ~9°7 ~883 191 ~ 1909 Go ~9°7 ~903 ~9~2 ~887 2 ~889 ~888 1897 ~865 1901 DAVIS, WILLIAM MORRIS 17 Francis Ave., Cambridge, Mass. DAY, ARTHUR L Geophysical Laboratory, Washington, D. C. DEWEY, JOHN Columbia University, New York City. ELKIN, WILLIAM L Yale University Observatory, New Haven, Conn. FARLOW, W. G............ FLEXNER, SIMON........... ....Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. .... Rockefeller Institute, New York City. FRosT, EDWIN B Yerkes Observatory, Williams Bay, Wis. GILBERT, GROVE K U. S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. Greg, THEODORE N Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. GOOCH, FRANK A Yale University, New Haven, Conn. GOODALE, GEORGE L Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. HAGUE, ARNOLD U. S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. HALE, GEORGE E Solar Observatory Once, Pasadena, Calif. HALL, EDWIN H HARPER, R. A.............. HASTINGS, CHARLES S....... HANFORD, JOHN F........... HILGARD, EUGENE W........ Harm, GEORGE EVE........... ...Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. ..... Columbia University, New York City. .....Yale University, New Haven, Conn. . . . Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill. -.University of California, Berkeley, Calif. . West Nyack, N. Y. HILLEBRAND, WILLIAM F Bureau of Standards, Washington, D. C. HOLDEN, EDWARD S U. S. Military Academy, West Point, N. Y. HOLMES, WILLIAM H U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. HOWELL, WILLIAM H Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md. IDDINGS, JOSEPH P. Brinklow, Md. JACKSON, CHARLES L 6 Boylston Hall, Cambridge, Mass. KEMP, JAMES F Columbia University, New York City. LINDGREN, WALDEMAR U. S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. LOEB, JACQUES Rockefeller Institute, New York City. MALL, FRANKLIN P lohns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md. MARK, EDWARD L IO9 Irving St., Cambridge, Mass. MELTZER, SAMUEL JAMES Rockefeller Institute, New York City. MENDENHALL, THOMAS C 3zg North Chestnut St., Ravenna, Ohio. MERRIAM, C. HART 1919 Sixteenth St., Washington, D. C. MICHAEL, ARTHUR ~19 Parker St., Newton Center, Mass. MICHELSON, ALBERT A MINOT, CHARLES S........... . University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill . Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass MITCHELL, S. WEIR 15~4 Walnut St., Philadelphia, Pa MOORE, ELIAKIM H University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill.

APPENDICES 339 Date of Election MORGAN, T. H . Columbia University, New York City. /-MORLEY' EDWARD W West Hartford, Conn. MORSE, EDWARD S Salem, Mass. MORSE, HARMON N Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md. MOULTON, F. R................. NEF, JOHN ULRIC...~........... _NICHOLS, EDWARD L............. .University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill. .University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill. . . .Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. NICHOLS, ERNEST F Dartmouth College, Hanover, N. H. ~ ^;- . DENOTES, ARTHUR A. . Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Mass. 'it Nnv¢~ Wet T.TA1~ A , ace, . ~~ ^ ^ ~ . University of Illinois, Urbana, Ill. OSBORN, H. F.. .American Museum of Natural History, New York City. OSBORNE, T. B ...... . .Agr. Exp. Station, New Haven, Conn. OSGOOD, WILLIAM FOGG Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. . PEIRCE, BENJAMIN 0 Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. ,KPEIRCE, CHARLES S Milford, Pa. .' ~ PICKERING, EDWARD C. . Harvard College Observatory, Cambridge, Mass. / PRUDDEN, T. MITcHELL Columbia University, New York City. PUMPELLY, RAPHAE~ Gibbs Ave., Newport, R. I. ~ Pupils, M~cnAE~ I Columbia University, New York City. He PUTNAM,FREDE~CK W Peabody Museum, Cambridge, amiss. /REID, H. FIELDING . . . . Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md. -,<~REMSEN, IRA Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md. RICHARDS, THEODORE W . . . . . . . Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. ROYCE, JOSIAH HarVard University, Cambridge, Mass. SARGENT, CHARLES S Arnold Arboretum, Jamaica Plain, Mass. SCHUCHERT, CHAR~Es Yale University, New Haven, Conn. 'KSCOTT, W1I`I~IAM B Princeton University, Princeton, N. J. SMITH, EDGAR F University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. SMITH, THEosALD Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass. STIEGLTTZ,J. O............... STORY, WILLIAM E THAXTER, ROLAND. THOMSON, ELIHU. ......... ... ....University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill. ....Clark University, Worcester, Mass. .Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. . Swampscott, Mass. TRELEASE, W M ~ MiSSOUri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Mo TROWBRIDGE, JOHN Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass VAN Hiss, C. R University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis VAN VLECK, E. B University of Wisconsin, Madison, \7Vis. VERRILL, A. E Yale University, New Haven, Conn. W AI,COTT, CHARLES D Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. WEssTER, ARTHUR G Clark University, Worcester, Mass. WELCH, WILLIAM H 807 St. Paul St., Baltimore, Md 1909 1897 1876 1907 I9IO I904 I9OI I908 I905 I9IO I90O I9IO I904 I906 I876 I873 I9OI I872 I905 I885 I9I2 I882 I899 I906 I895 I9IO I 906 I899 I908 I9II I908 I9I2 I907 I902 I878 I902 I9II I872 I896 I903 I895

34o APPENDICES Date of Election WELLS, HORACE L Yale University, New Haven, Conn. 1903 WHEELER, HENRY L Sheffield Scientific School, New Haven, Conn. agog WHEELER, WILLIAM M Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. 1912 WHITE, DAVID U. S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. 1912 WILSON, EDMUND B Columbia University, New York City. 1899 WOOD, HoRAT~o C 4~o7 Chester Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. 1879 WOOD, ROBERT W Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md. 1912 WOODWARD, ROBERT S Carnegie Institution, Washington, D. C. 1896 WRIGHT, ARTHUR W Yale University, New Haven, Conn. 1881 HONORARY MEMBER SMITH,SIDNEY I Yale University, New Haven, Conn. ~ 884 BARROIS, CHARLES............... BRAGGER, W. C.... DEWAR, SIR JAMES. FOREIGN ASSOCIATES ARRHENIUS, S. A NObe1 Institute, Stockholm. 1908 AUWERS, G. F. J. ~ THUR KOnig1. Akad. der Wissenschaften, Berlin. 1883 BACKLUND, OSKAR . .. .. . . .. .. .. . . .. . .. Astron. Sternwarte, Pulkowa. I 903 BAEYER, RANDOLPH RATTER VON University of Munich. ~ 898 1908 1903 19°7 19O4 19C>4 19°7 1901 898 ~9°5 7 7 ~898 1901 ~903 1908 ~ 906 .Edinburgh. 1912 1906 1908 ~9 19O3 ~9°3 . University of Lille. ...~1niversity of Christiania. ..University of Cambridge. EHR~cH, PAUL.Konigl. Inst. fur Exper. Therapie, Frankfurt a. Main. FISCHER, EMIL FORSYTH, A. R GEIKIE, SIR ARCHIBALD. GILL, SIR DAVID GROTH, PAUL VON . . . HILBERT, DAVID KAPTEYN, JOHN C KLEIN, FELIX KRONECKER, H UGO . LANKESTER, SIR E. RAY. LARMOR, SIR JOSEPH LORENTZ, HENDRIK ANTON University of Leyden. MURRAY, SIR JOHN OSTWALD, WILHELM Grossbothen, bei Leipsic. PAVLOV, IVAN PETROVITCH Imp. Inst. for Exper. Med., St. Petersburg. PENCK, ALBRECHT University of Berlin. PFEFFER, WILHELM 13otanical Institute of the University of Leipsic. PICARD, CHARLES EMILE University of Paris. . · . . . . . . . · — .Cher~. Inst., University of Berlin. . Trinity College, Cambridge. .............. Haslemere, Surrey. . . . Royal Observatory, Cape Town. . University of Munich. . University of Gottingen. ......... University of Groningen. ....University of Gottingen. . University of Berne. ....... South Kensington, London. . . . St. Johns College, Cambridge.

APPENDICES RAMSAY, SIR WILLIAM. . RAYLEIGH, LORD....... RETZIUS, GUSTAV...... ROSENBUSCH, H....... RUTHERFORD, ERNEST................. SEELIGER, HUGO RIOTER VON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · · . . . . 34I Date of Election . . University College, London. 1904 .... University of Cambridge. 1898 ..................... University, Stockholm. 1909 . . . University of Heidelberg. 1904 . . University of Manchester. I9II ..... University of Munich. 1908 SUESS, EDOUARD University of Vienna. 1898 T HOMSON, SIR JOSEPH J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . University of Cambridge. IgO3 NTOLTERRA, VITO university of Rome. I9II DRIES, H UGO DE ........... . University of Amsterdam. 1904 WALDEYER, WILHELM university of Berlin. 1909 WUNDT, WILHELM univerSity of Leipsic. 1909 ~ DECEASED MEMBERS AGASSIZ, ALEXANDER . AGASSIZ, LOUIS ...... ALEXANDER, J. H............................. ALEXANDER, STEPHEN . BACHE, ALEXANDER DALLAS................. BAIRD, SPENCER F............................. BARKER, GEORGE F........... BARNARD, F. A. P.......... BARNARD, J. G................ BARTLETT, W. H. C.......... BEECHER, CHARLES EMERSON . Boss, LEWIS .................... BOWDITCH, HENRY P........ BREWER, WILLIAM H........ BROOKS, WILLIAM KEITH..... BROWN-SEQUARD, CHARLES E................... CASEY, THOMAS L..... CASWELL, ALEXIS ...... CHAUVENET, WILLIAM . CLARKE, HENRY JAMES. . COFFIN, JAMES COFFIN, J. H. C........ COMSTOCK, CYRUS B.... COOK, GEORGE H....... COOKE, JOSIAH P....... 2 Incorporators. Date of Election . I866 · ( ) (2) (2) ·- ( ) .1864 ..1876 (2) (2) (2) .1899 .1889 .1887 .1880 . I884 .1868 .1890 (2) (2) .1872 ..1869 (2) ..1884 .1887 .1872 . . . . . . . · . . . . · . . · . . . . · . · . . · . . . · . . . . . . · · . . · . · . . · · . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Date of Death Mar. 27, I9IO D be. I4, 1873 Mar. 2, 1867 June 25, 1883 Feb. I7, 1867 Aug. I9, 1887 May 24, I9IO Apr. 27, 1889 May I4, 1882 Feb. II, 1893 Feb. I4, 1904 Oct. 5, I9I2 Mar. Is, I9II NOV. 2, I9IO NOV. In, 1908 Apr. 2, 1894 Mar. 25, 1896 Jan. 8, 1877 Dec. I3, 1870 July I, 1873 Jan. 6, 1873 Jan. 8, 1890 May 29, I9IO Sept. 22, 1889 Sept. 3, 1894

342 COPE, EDWARD D.... COUES, E~oTT ....... DAHEGREN, T. A. B.. DALTON, T. C....... DANA, JAMES D..... DAVIDSON, GEORGE .. DAVIS, CHARLES H.. DRAPER, HENRY ..... DRAPER, JOHN W.... DUTrON, C. E...... EADS, TAMES B........ EMMONS, SAMUEL F. . ENGELMANN, GEORGE PERREL, WILMAM . . . FRAZER, JOHN FRIES GABB, WILLIAM M.. GENTH, F. A....... GIBBS, JOSIAH WILLARD. . GIBBS, WOLCOTT ...... GILLISS, NAMES MELVILLE............... GOODE, G. BROWN...................... GOULD, AUGUSTUS A................... GOULD, BENJAMIN A........... GRAY, ASA ............................ GUYOT, ARNOLD .... HADLEY, JAMES H.~LDEMAN, S. S.. HALL, ASAPH ...... MALI, NAMES . . . . . . HAYDEN, F. V................ HENRY, JOSEPH HILGARD, JULIUS E... HILL, HENRY B...... HITCHCOCK, EDWARD HOLBROOK, J. E...... HUBBARD, I. S....... HUMPHREYS, A. A... HUNT, T. STERRY... HYATT, ALPHEUS ... JAMES, WILLIAM .. 2 Incorporators. APPENDICES Date of Election Date of Death .. 1872 Apr. I2, 1897 .1877 Dec. 25, 1899 (2) Resigned .1864 Feb. 2, 1889 (2) Apr. I4, 1895 .1874 Dec. 2, I9II (2) Feb. I8, 1877 .1877 Nov. 20, 1882 .1877 Jan. 4, i882 .1884 Jan. 4, I9I2 .1872 Mar. 8, 1887 .. 1892 Mar. 28, I9II (2) Feb. 4, 1884 .1868 Sept. I8, I89I . ~ ~ OCL I2, 1872 .1876 May 30, 1878 1872 Feb. 2, 1893 I879 Apr. 28, 1903 (2' Dec. 9, 1908 (2) Feb. 9, 1865 I888 Sept. 6, 1896 (2) Sept. I 5, 1866 (2) Nov. 26, 1896 (2) Jan. 30, 1888 (2) Feb. 8, 1884 1864 Aug. ~, 1872 1876 Sept. 20, 1880 1875 Nov. 22, 1907 (2) Aug. 7, 1898 1873 Dec. 22, 1887 (2) May I3, 1878 (2) May 8, 1890 1883 Apr. 6, 1903 ~2) Feb. 27, 1864 1868 Sept. 8, I87I `2' Aug. 16, 1863 (2) Dec. 27, 1883 I873 Feb. I2, 1892 1875 Jan. I6, 1902 I903 Resigned

APPENDICES JOHNSON, S. W... KEELER, J. E..... KING, CLARENCE K]RKLAND, JARED P.................... LANE, I. HOMER. LANGLEY, SAMUEL P... LEA, MATTHEW CAREY....................... LE CONTE, lOHN . . . LE CONTE, JOHN L........................... LE CONTE, lOSEPH . LEIDY, JOSEPH .... LESLEY, I. PETER .. LESQUEREUX, LEO . LONGSTRETH, MIERS LOOMIS, ELIAS ..... LOVERING, JOSEPH . LYMAN, THEODORE MAHAN, D. H..... MARSH, G. P...... MARSH, O. C. ................ MAYER, ALFRED M. MAY~SMITH, RICHMOND . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . MEEK, F. B................................. MEIGS, M. C. MITCHELL, HENRY MORGAN, LEWIS H. MORTON, HENRY .. NEWBERRY, I. S.... NEWCOMB, SIMON . NEWTON, H. A.... NEWTON, lOHN NORTON, WILLIAM OLIVER, JAMES E... PACKARD, A. S................ PE:IRCE, BENJAMIN . PENFIELD, SAMUEL PETERS, C. H. F. .. POURTALES, L. F.... POWELL, JOHN W. RODGERS, lOHN 2 Incorporators. L·......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · — · — . . . . . . · · . 343 Date of Election .1866 .I90O .1876 .1865 .1872 .1876 .1892 .1878 (2) .1875 (2) (2) .1864 (2) .1873 .1873 .1872 (2) .1866 .1874 .1872 .1890 1869 .1865 .1885 ..1875 ..1874 (2) .1869 (2) ..1876 .1873 .1872 .1872 (2) .I90O .1876 .1873 ..1880 (2) Date of Death July HI, 1909 Aug. 12, I90O Dec. 24, 1901 Dec. lo, 1877 May 3, 1880 Feb. 27, 1906 Mar. 15, 1897 Apr. 29, I89I Nov. 15, 1883 July 6, I9OI Apr. 30, 1891 June I, 1903 OCt. 25, 1889 Dec. 27, 1891 Aug. 16, 1889 Jan. I8, 1892 Sept. IO, 1897 Sept. I6, I87I July 23, 1882 Mar. 18, 1899 July I3, 1897 Nov. II, I9OI Dec. 2I, 1877 Jan. 2, 1892 Dec. I, 1902 Dec. I 4, I88I May 9, 1902 Dec. 7, 1892 July II, 1909 Aug. I2, 1896 May I, 1895 Sept. 2I, 1883 Mar. 27, 1895 Feb. I4, 1905 Resigned Aug. I3, 1906 July I8, 1890 July I 9, 1880 Sept. 23, 1902 May 5, I 882

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The National Academy of Sciences is the third oldest American institution, being established after the Smithsonian Institute and the American Association for the Promotion of Science. The Academy dates back to 1863, right in the midst of the American Civil War. Fortunately for the time, the Academy was vital to the development of the war in favor of the Union through its establishment of much needed scientific advancements and insight tantamount to those of the academies in Great Britain and the rest of Europe despite the involvement of science's most primary men. Since then, the Academy has served as a scientific adviser to the government, an adviser greatly appreciated by the government. The Academy's recommendations have been adopted, its findings accepted, and its investigations used to better advance the nation as a whole.

A History of the First Half-Century of the National Academy of Sciences: 1863-1913 (1913) illustrates the Academy's history from its creation to the appointment of Woodrow Wilson as president. The book features a detailed look into the founding and forming of the Academy; the annals of the academy including the classifications of membership in 1892; lists of those involved with the Academy including officers and foreign associates; the Academy's publications, and more.

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