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APPENDICES
349
Report of the committee on methods of inspecting distilled spirits subject
to duty.
Ann. Rep. for ~867, pp. ~2-44.
tReport on the question of the value of the water-proofing process employed in
the manufacture of the fractional currency.]
In House Misc. Doc. no. ~63, part a, 44th Congress, fist Session, pp.
22-28, Apr. 3, ~ 876.
Report on surveys of the Territories.
Ann. Rep. for ~878, pp. ~9-22; also House Misc. Doc. no. 5, 45th
Congress, 3d Session, pp. ~-~7, Dec. 3, ~878.
Report on the sorghum sugar industry.
Sen. Misc. Doc. no. 5~, 47th Congress, ad Session. 8°, pp. ~-~52.
Washington, ~883.
Report on methylated spirits.
Ann. Rep. for ~883, pp. 57-63.
Report on glucose.
Ann. Rep. for ~883, pp. 65-~43; also separate.
Report on the national surveys and signal service.
Ann. Rep. for ~884, pp. 33-63; also in Sen. Misc. Doc. no. 82, 48th
Congress, fist Session, pp. ~-37~. ~886.
Report on customs duty on philosophical and scientific apparatus.
Ann. Rep. for ~884, pp. 65-67.
Report on the astronomical day, the eclipse of the sun in ~886, and the erection
of a new Naval Observatory.
Ann. Rep. for ~885, pp. 35-79; also Sen. Exec. Doc. no. 67, 48th Con-
gress, fist Session, February lo, ~886.
Report on tariff classification of wool.
Ann. Rep. for ~885, pp. 8~-99; also Treas. Dep. Doc. 805, ~886.
Report on opium.
Ann. Rep. for ~886, pp. 39-40.
Report on opium, ~887.
Ann. Rep. for i887, pp. 3~-35.
Report on sugar determinations.
Ann. Rep. for ~887, pp. 37-45.
Preliminary report on the investigation of the north magnetic pole.
Ann. Rep. for ~890, pp. 33-35.
A conventional standard of color. (Preliminary correspondence.)
Ann. Rep. for ~893, pp. 43-46.
tReport on specifications for the practical application of the definitions of the
ampere and volt.]
Ann. Rep. for ~895, pp. 9-~3; also Sen. Misc. Doc. no. ~5, 53d Con-
gress, 3d Session, February ~9, ~895; see also Ann. Rep. for ~894,
PP. 39-42.
24
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35o
APPENDICES
Report of the commission appointed by the National Academy of Sciences upon
a forest policy for the forested lands of the United States.
Ann. Rep. for ~897, pp. 29-73; also, separate, Washington, Government
Printing Office, ~ 897. 8°, pp. ~-47.
tReport on the question of establishing a forest reserve on the Southern Appa-
lachian region.]
Ann.Rep.for~902,p.~6.
[Report on the Declaration of Independence.]
Ann. Rep. for ~903, pp. ~3-~5.
Report on scientific surveys of the Philippine Islands.
Ann. Rep. for ~904, pp. 2~-33; also Sen. Doc. no. ~45, Seth Congress,
3d Session, February 7, ~905. 8°, pp. ~-22.
Report on the conduct of scientific work under the United States Government.
Ann. Rep. for ~908, pp. 27-3~; also House Doc. no. ~337, 60th Con-
gress, ad Session, January ~ 8, ~909. 8°, pp. ~-5.
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APPENDIX V
ACT OF INCORPORATION, CONSTITUTION, AMENDMENTS
AND RULES
ACT OF INCORPORATION
AN ACT To incorporate the National Academy of Sciences.
Be it enacted by the Senate arid House of Representatives of the United States
of America in Congress assembled, That Louis Agassiz, Massachusetts; J. H.
Alexander, Maryland; S. Alexander, New Jersey; A. D. Bache, at large; F. A. P.
Barnard, at large; J. G. Barnard, United States Army, Massachusetts; W. H. C.
Bartlett, United States )/Iilitary Academy, Missouri; U. A. Boyden, Massachu-
setts; Alexis Caswell, Rhode Island; William Chauvenet, Missouri; l. H. C.
Cohn, United States Naval Academy, Maine; I. A. Dahlgren, United States
Navy, Pennsylvania; I. D. Dana, Connecticut; Charles H. Davis, United States
Navy, Massachusetts; George Engelmann, Saint Louis, Mo.; I. F. Frazer, Penn-
sylvania; Wolcott Gibbs, New York; J. M. Gilliss, United States Navy, District
of Columbia; A. A. Gould, Massachusetts; B. A. Gould, Massachusetts; Asa
Gray, Massachusetts; A. Guyot, New Jersey; lames Hall, New York; Joseph
Henry, at large; I. E. Hilgard, at large, Illinois; Edward Hitchcock, Massa-
chusetts; l. S. Hubbard, United States Naval Observatory, Connecticut; A. A.
Humphreys, United States Army, Pennsylvania; I. L. Le Conte, United States
Army, Pennsylvania; I. Leidy, Pennsylvania;.~. P. Lesley, Pennsylvania; M. F.
Longstreth, Pennsylvania; D. H. Mahan, United States Military Academy, Vir-
ginia; l. S. Newberry, Ohio; H. A. Newton, Connecticut; Benjamin Peirce,
Massachusetts; John Rodgers, United States Navy, Indiana; Fairman Rogers,
Pennsylvania; R. E. Rogers, Pennsylvania; W. B. Rogers, Massachusetts; L. M.
Rutherfurd, New York; Joseph Saxton, at large; Benjamin Silliman, Connecti-
cut; Benjamin Silliman, junior, Connecticut; Theodore Strong, New Jersey;
John Torrey, New York; J. G. Totten, United States Army, Connecticut;
Joseph Winlock, United States Nautical Almanac, Kentucky; le$ries Wyman,
Massachusetts; J. D. Whitney, California; their associates and successors duly
chosen, are hereby incorporated, constituted, and declared to be a body corporate,
by the name of the National Academy of Sciences.
SEC. 2. hind be it further enacted, That the National Academy of Sciences shall
consist of not more than fifty ordinary members, and the said corporation hereby
constituted shall have power to make its own organization, including its con-
stitution, by-laws, and rules and regulations; to 611 all vacancies created by death,
351
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352
APPENDICES
resignation, or otherwise; to provide for the election of foreign and domestic
members, the division into classes, and all other matters needful or usual in such
institution, and to report the same to Congress.
SEC. 3. And be it further enacted, That the National Academy of Sciences
shall hold an annual meeting at such place in the United States as may be desig-
nated, and the Academy shall, whenever called upon by any Department of the
Government, investigate, examine, experiment, and report upon any subject of
science or art, the actual expense of such investigations, examinations, experi-
ments, and reports to be paid from appropriations which may be made for the
purpose, but the Academy shall receive no compensation whatever for any serv-
ices to the Government of the United States.
Approved, March 3, ~863.
-
AMENDMENTS
AN ACT To amend the act to incorporate the National Academy of Sciences.
Be it enacted by the Serrate arid House of Representatives of the United States
of America in Congress assembled, That the act to incorporate the National
Academy of Sciences, approved March third, eighteen hundred and sixty-three,
be, and the same is hereby, so amended as to remove the limitation of the number
of ordinary members of said academy as provided in said act.
Approved, July ~4, ~870.
AN ACT To authorize the National Academy of Sciences to receive and hold trust funds
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States
of America in Congress assembled, That the National Academy of Sciences, incor-
porated by the act of Congress approved March third, eighteen hundred and
sixty-three, and its several supplements, be, and the same is hereby, authorized and
empowered to receive bequests and donations and hold the same in trust, to' be
applied by the said academy in aid of scientific investigations according to the
will of the donors.
Approved, June 20, ~884.
CONSTITUTION OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY
As amended and adopted April 17, 1872, and further amended April 20, 1875; April HI,
I88I; April I9, 1882 ; April I8, 1883; April I9, 1888; April I8, 1895; April 20, 1899;
April I 7, I 902; April I 8, I 906; November 20, I 906; April I 7, I 907; November 20, I 907;
April 20, I9II; April I6, I9I2.
PREAMBLE
Empowered by the act of incorporation enacted by Congress, and approved by
the President of the United States on the 3d day of March, A. D. ~863, and in
conformity with the amendment to said act, approved July ~4, ~870, the National
Academy of Sciences adopts the following amended constitution and rules:
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APPENDICES
ARTICLE I. OF MEMBERS
353
SEC. I. The academy shall consist of members, honorary members, and foreign
associates. Members must be citizens of the United States.
SEC. 2. Members who, from age or inability to attend the meetings of the
academy, wish to resign the duties of active membership, may, at their own
request, be transferred to the roll of honorary members by a vote of the academy.
SEC. 3. The academy may elect 50 foreign associates.
SEC. 4. Honorary members and foreign associates shall have the privilege of
attending the meetings and of reading and communicating papers to the academy,
but shall take no part in its business, shall not be subject to its assessments, and
shall be entitled to a copy of the publications of the academy.
ARTICLE II.~F THE OFFICERS
SEC. I. The officers of the academy shall be a president, a vice president, a
foreign secretary, a home secretary, and a treasurer, all of whom shall be elected
for a term of six years, by a majority of votes present, at the first stated meeting
after the expiration of the current terms, provided that existing officers retain their
places until their successors are elected. In case of a vacancy, the election for
six years shall be held in the same manner at the meeting when such vacancy
occurs, or at the next stated meeting thereafter, as the academy may direct. A
vacancy in the once of treasurer or home secretary may, however, be filled by
appointment of the president of the academy until the next stated meeting of the
academy.
SEC. 2. The officers of the academy, together with six members to be elected
by the academy, shall constitute a council for the transaction of such business as
may be assigned to them by the constitution or the academy.
SEC. 3. The president of the academy, or, in case of his absence or inability to
act, the vice president, shall preside at the meetings of the academy and of the
council; shall name all committees except such as are otherwise especially pro-
vided for; shall refer investigations required by the Government of the United
States to members especially conversant with the subjects and report thereon to
the academy at its meeting next ensuing; and, with the council, shall direct the
general business of the academy.
It shall be competent for the president, in special cases, to call in the aid, upon
committees, of experts or men of special attainments not members of the academy.
SEC. 4. The foreign and home secretaries shall conduct the correspondence
proper to their respective departments, advising with the president and council in
cases of doubt, and reporting their action to the academy at one of the stated
meetings in each year.
It shall be the duty of the home secretary to give notice to the members of the
place and time of all meetings, of all nominations for membership, and of all pro-
posed amendments to the constitution.
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3 54 APPENDICES
The minutes of each meeting shall be duly engrossed before the next stated
meeting under the direction of the home secretary.
SEC. 5. The treasurer shall attend to all receipts and disbursements of the
academy, giving such bond and furnishing such vouchers as the council may
require. He shall collect all dues from members, and keep a set of books showing
a full account of receipts and disbursements. He shall present a general report
at the annual meeting. He shall be the custodian of the corporate seal of the
academy.
ARTICLE III. OF THE MEETINGS
SEC. I. The academy shall hold one stated meeting in each year, called the
annual meeting, in the city of Washington, beginning on the third Tuesday in
April, and another, called the autumn meeting, may be held at such place and
time as the council shall determine.
Special business meetings of the academy may be called, by order of eight
members of the council, at such place and time as mall be designated in the call.
Special scientific meetings of the academy may be held at times and places to
be designated by a majority of the council.
SEC. 2. The names of the members present at each session of a meeting shall be
recorded in the minutes, and the members present at any session shall constitute
a quorum for the transaction of business.
SEC. 3. Scientific sessions of the academy, unless otherwise ordered by a
majority of the members present, shall be open to the public; sessions for the
transaction of business shall be closed.
SEC. 4. Stated meetings of the council shall be held during the stated or special
meetings of the academy. Special meetings of the council may be convened at the
call of the president and two members of the council, or of four members of the
council.
SEC. 5. No member who has not paid his dues shall take part in the business
of the academy.
ARTICLE IV.—OF ELECTIONS AND RESIGNATIONS
SEC. I. All elections shall be by ballot, and each election shall be held sepa-
rately unless otherwise ordered by this constitution.
SEC. 2. The time for holding an election of officers shall be fixed by the
academy at least one day before the election is held.
SEC. 3. The election of the six members of the council shall be as follows:
At the annual meeting in April, agog, six members of the council to be
elected, of whom two shall serve for three years, two for two years, and two for
one year, their respective terms to be determined by lot. Each year thereafter
the terms of two members shall expire, and their successors, to serve for three
years, shall be elected at the annual meeting in each year.
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APPENDICES
355
SEC. 4. The academy shall be divided by the council into standing committees
representing the principal branches of scientific research. A member may be
assigned to more than one of these committees. The president of the academy
shall appoint, subject to the approval of the council, a member of each committee
as its chairman, who shall be responsible for the work of the committee.
Nominations to membership in the academy shall be made in writing, approved
by a majority of the members of the committee on the branch of research in which
the person nominated is eminent, or by a majority of the council in case there is no
committee on the subject. The nominations shall be sent to the home secretary
by the chairman of the committee before January ~ of the year in which the
election is to be held, and each nomination shall be accompanied by a list of the
principal contributions of the nominee to science. This list shall be printed by
the home secretary for distribution among the members of the academy.
SEC. 5. Election of members shall be held at the annual meeting in Wash-
ington in the following manner: There shall be two ballots a preference ballot,
which may be prepared either before or at the annual meeting and must be trans-
mitted to the home secretary, and a final ballot to be taken at the meeting.
Preference ballot.—Each member may inscribe on a ballot not more than lo
names of nominees selected from the submitted list. A list of the nominees shall
then be prepared, on which the names shall be entered in the order of the number
of votes received by each. In case two or more nominees should have the same
number of votes on this preference list, the order in which they shall be placed
on the list shall be determined by a majority vote of those present.
Final ballot.—A vote shall first be taken on the nominee who appears first on
the preference list, and he shall be declared elected if he receive two-thirds of the
votes cast and not less than 20 votes in all, provided that the number of members
of the academy be not ~50 or over, in which case to be declared elected he must
receive four-fifths of the votes cast and not less than 25 votes in all. A vote shall
then be taken in similar manner on the nominee standing second on the prefer-
ence list, and so on until all the nominees on the preference list shall have been
acted on, or until lo nominees shall have been elected.
Not more than lo members shall be elected at one annual meeting.
Before and during elections a discussion of the merits of nominees will be
in order.
The election of members may be suspended at any time by a majority vote
of the members present.
SEC. 6. Every member elect shall accept his membership, personally or in
writing, before the close of the next stated meeting after the date of his election.
Otherwise, on proof that the secretary has formally notified him of his election,
his name shall not be entered on the roll of members.
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356
APPENDICES
SEC. 7. The election of foreign associates shall be in the following manner:
Foreign associates may be nominated by the council and may be elected at the
annual meeting by a two-thirds vote of the members present. Each member shall
indicate on a ballot those names for which he votes, and those nominees whose
names appear on two-thirds of the votes cast shall be declared elected. A list of
those nominated shall be sent to all members of the academy with the notice of
the meeting at which the election is to be held.
SEC. 8. A diploma, with the corporate seal of the academy and the signatures
of the officers, shall be sent by the appropriate secretary to each member on his
acceptance of his membership and to foreign associates on their election.
SEC. 9. Resignations shall be addressed to the president and acted on by the
academy.
SEC. IO. Whenever a member has not paid his dues for four successive years,
the treasurer shall report the fact to the council, which may report the case to
the academy with the recommendation that the person thus in arrears be declared
to have forfeited his membership. If this recommendation be approved by two-
thirds of the members present, the said person shall no longer be a member of the
academy and his name shall be dropped from the roll.
ARTICLE V.~F SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATIONS, PUBLICATIONS, AND REPORTS
SEC. I. Communications on scientific subjects shall be read at scientific sessions
of the academy, and papers by any member may be read by the author or by any
other member, notice of the same having been previously given to the secretary.
SEC. 2. Any member of the academy may read a paper from a person who is
not a member, and shall not be considered responsible for the facts or opinions
expressed by the author, but shall be held responsible for the propriety of the
paper.
Persons who are not members may read papers on invitation of the council or of
the committee of arrangements.
SEC. 3. The academy may provide for the publication, under the direction of
the council, of proceedings, memoirs, and reports.
SEC. 4. Propositions for investigations or reports by the academy shall be
submitted to the council for approval, except those requested by the Government
of the United States, which shall be acted on by the president, who will in such
cases report their results to the Government as soon as obtained and to the
academy at its next following stated meeting.
SEC. 5. The advice of the academy shall be at all times at the disposition of
the Government upon any matter of science or art within its scope.
SEC. 6. An annual report to be presented to Congress shall be prepared by the
president, and before its presentation submitted by him, first to the council and
afterwards to the academy, at one of the stated meetings.
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APPENDICES
357
SEC. 7. Medals and prizes may be established, and the means of bestowing them
accepted by the academy upon the recommendation of the council, by whom all
the necessary arrangements for their establishment and award shall be made.
Bequests and trusts having for their object the advancement of science may also
be accepted and administered by the academy.
ARTICLE YI.~F THE PROPERTY OF THE ACADEMY
SEC. I. All investments shall be made by the treasurer in the corporate name of
the academy with the approval of a finance committee of three members, to be
appointed annually by the president, of which the treasurer shall be one. Invest-
ments shall be made in bonds of the United States, in state bonds, or bonds or
notes secured by first mortgages on real estate, in investments legal for savings
banks under the laws of Massachusetts or New York, or in other bonds recom-
mended to the treasurer by the fiscal advisers of the academy.
The council shall, at its annual meeting in each year, designate one bank or
trust company in Washington, D. C., and one in New York city, to act, when
requested by the treasurer, as the fiscal advisers of the academy.
The treasurer shall have the authority, with the approval of the finance com-
mittee, to change any investment held by him in the corporate name of the
academy.
SEC. 2. No contract shall be binding upon the academy which has not been first
approved by the council.
SEC. 3. The assessments required for the support of the academy shall be fixed
by the academy on the recommendation of the council.
ARTICLE VII.~F ADDITIONS AND AMENDMENTS
Additions and amendments to the constitution shall be made only at a stated
meeting of the academy. Notice of a proposition for such a change must be
given at a stated meeting, and shall be referred to the council, which may amend
the proposition, and shall report thereon to the academy. Its report shall be con-
sidered by the academy in committee of the whole for amendment.
The proposition as amended, if adopted in committee of the whole, shall be
voted on at the next stated meeting, and if it receives two-thirds of the votes cast
it shall be declared adopted.
Absent members may send their votes on pending changes in the constitution
to the home secretary in writing, and such votes shall be counted as if the members
were present.
RULES
I. In the absence of any officer a member shall be chosen to perform his duties
temporarily, by a plurality of viva voce votes, upon open nominations.
II. On the first day of each stated session, immediately after calling the roll
of members, a recording secretary shall be elected, by a plurality of members pres-
ent, to assist the home secretary in keeping the records of the session.
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358 APPENDICES
III. The accounts of the treasurer shall, between January ~ and January ~5
of each year, be audited by a committee of three members to be appointed by the
president at the autumn meeting of the academy. The auditing committee may
employ an expert accountant to examine the books of the treasurer. This com-
mittee shall inspect and verify the bonds, securities, and other property in the
custody of the treasurer and shall compare the expenditures with the vouchers
therefor. The annual report of the treasurer shall be published with that of the
president to Congress. The reports of the treasurer and auditing committee shall
be presented to the academy at the annual meeting.
IV. A committee of arrangements, consisting of five members shall be
appointed by the president for each stated session of the academy. This com-
mittee shall meet not less than two weeks previous to each session. It shall
be in session during the meetings to make arrangements for the reception of the
members, to arrange the business of each day, and, in general, to attend to all
business and scientific arrangements.
It shall be the duty of the committee of arrangements to ascertain the length
of time required for reading the several memoirs presented, and, when it appears
advisable, to recommend a limit of time to be occupied in their discussion.
V. At the meetings the order of business shall be as follows:
I. Chair taken by the president, or, in his absence, by the vice president.
z. Roll of members called by home secretary.
3. Minutes of the preceding meeting read and approved.
4. Stated business.
5. Reports of president, secretaries, treasurer, and committees.
6. Business from council.
7. Other business.
8. On the last day of the session the rough minutes of that day's proceedings
are to be read for correction.
VI. The rules of order of the academy shall be those of the Senate of the
United States, unless suspended by unanimous consent.
NTII. Unless otherwise ordered by the academy, the scientific meetings at the
April session shall be held in the afternoon, the mornings being reserved for
business.
VIII. At each meeting the president shall announce the death of any members
who may have died since the preceding meeting. As soon as practicable thereafter
he shall designate a member to write—or with the approval of the president to
secure from some other source a biographical notice of each deceased member.
IX. The secretaries will receive memoirs at any time, and report the date of
their reception at the next session; but no memoir shall be published unless it has
been read or presented by title before the academy.
Before publication all memoirs must be referred to the committee on publica-
tion, who may, if they deem best, refer any memoir to a special committee
l
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