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MONITORING INTERNATIONAL LABOR STANDARDS HUI~VIAN CAPITAL INVESTI~VIENT Summary of a Workshop Monica Ulewicz, Editor Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education Policy and Global Affairs Division NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF DIE NATIONAL ACADEMIES THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS Washington, DC www.nap.edu
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. This study was supported by Contract/Grant No. DOL-4653 between the National Academy of Sciences and U.S. Department of Labor. Any opinions, findings, conclu- sions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Department of Labor. International Standard Book Number 0-309-09059-8 (Book) International Standard Book Number 0-309-52711-2 (PDF) Additional copies of this report are available from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, N.W., Lockbox 285, Washington, DC 20055; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area); Internet, http://www.nap.edu Printed in the United States of America Copyright 2003 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Cover photo credits: The four cover photos are courtesy of the International Labour Organization, with individual credit as follows: upper left corner, P. DeLoche; upper right corner, A. Khemka; the two remaining photos left mid-page and bottom left, ). Maillard. Suggested citation: National Research Council. (2003~. Monitoring International Labor Standards: Human Capital Investment Summary of a Workshop. Monica Ulewicz, edi- tor. Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education and Policy and Global Affairs Division. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES Advisers to the Nation on Stienre, Engineering, and Medicine The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distin- guished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the Na- tional Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engi- neering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages educa- tion and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Wm. A. Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering. The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given tO the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal govern- ment and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of further- ing knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general poli- cies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts and Dr. Wm. A. Wulf are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council. www.national-academies.org
Acknowledgments This workshop summary has been reviewed in draft form by individu- als chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accor- dance with procedures approved by the Report Review Committee of the National Research Council. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in mak- ing its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confi- dential to protect the integrity of the process. We thank the following individuals for their review of this report: Sarah Bachman, Santa Clara University, CA; Maria Beatriz Orlando, Cen- ter for Global Development, Washington, DC; and Alberto Paloni, Uni- versity of Glasgow, Scotland. Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive com- ments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the content of the report nor did they see the final draft of the report before its release. The review of this report was overseen by Burt Barnow, Institute for Policy Studies, Johns Hopkins University. Appointed by the National Research Council, he was responsible for making certain that an independent exami- nation of this report was carried out in accordance with institutional proce- dures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsi- bility for the final version of this report rests entirely with the author and . · · . tne institution. I extend sincere gratitude to members of the Committee on Monitor- v
v' ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ing International Labor Standards and the National Research Council project staff. Several members contributed invaluable advice and guidance in the planning of this workshop: larl Bengtsson, Kimberly Elliott, Lisa Lynch, Ted Moran, Mo Raj an, and Fahrettin Yagci. I extend special thanks to Nevzer Stacey, study director, for her leadership and wisdom, and to Linda DePugh, project assistant, for her tireless administrative and moral support. Monica Ulewicz, Editor
Contents List of Acronyms 1 Introduction 1X 2 Conceptualizing the Link Between International Labor Standards and Human Capital 4 3 Human Capital Investments Related to Child Labor 11 4 Impacts of Education and Training on Core Labor Standards Compliance References Appendixes A The Committee on Monitoring International Labor Standards (2002-2003) and National Research Council Staff B Workshop Agenda C Workshop Attendees D Invited Speakers' Biographical Information v'' 25 35 37 39 41 44
LiSt of Acronyms AED Academy for Educational Development ARLAC African Regional Labour Administration Centre CCT conditional cash transfer CMILS Committee on Monitoring International Labor Standards DOL U.S. Department of Labor FTE full-time equivalent GDP gross domestic product GNP gross national product ILO International Labour Organization local currency units NFE NGO NRC OECD nonformal education nongovernment organization National Research Council Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Six
x TUAC UNDP USAID WISE WRAP LIST OF A CRONYMS Programa de Erradicacao do Trabalho Infantil Trade Union Advisory Committee United Nations Development Programme U.S. Agency for International Development Work Improvements in Small Enterprise Worldwide Responsible Apparel Production
