The committee conducted extensive literature reviews and Internet searches regarding research training during residency and factors that either promote or inhibit such activity. In particular, Institute of Medicine (IOM) staff used in-house databases, including Academic Search Premier, PubMed, and PsychInfo, to identify peer-reviewed literature using a combination of the following keywords:

• Psychiatry

• Research

• Residency

• Education

• Graduate medical education

• Research training

• Training

• Internal medicine

• Allergy and immunology

• Neurology

• Pulmonary disease and critical care

• International medical graduates

• Minority physicians

• Women physicians

Furthermore, the committee reviewed residency training requirements and certification requirements for psychiatrists in two ways. First, we reviewed the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) requirements for different specialties, including psychiatry, neurology, internal medicine, and allergy and immunology, to determine key similarities and differences among residency training programs. Second, we reviewed certification requirements established by the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (ABPN) for psychiatrists.

In addition to the above literature reviews and extensive Internet searches, the committee conducted a number of interviews and outreach activities to understand organizational and individual perspectives as they relate to research training during residency. In an effort to further understand local factors that influence residency-based research training and the factors that influence individual psychiatrists to pursue research, IOM staff conducted outreach in three ways:

Front Matter (R1-R16)

Executive Summary (1-20)

1 Introduction (21-36)

2 Residency as Part of a Longitudinal Career Continuum (37-60)

3 Regulatory Factors (61-90)

4 Institutional Factors (91-132)

5 Personal Factors (133-166)

6 Future Directions for Promoting the Development of Psychiatrist-Researchers (167-176)

References (177-200)

Appendix A: Data Sources and Methods (201-210)

Appendix B: Federal and Other Funding Mechanisms Listed and Summarized by Career Stage (211-230)

Appendix C: Brief Descriptions of Psychiatry Residency Training Programs, Sorted by NIH 2002 Funding Rank for Each Corresponding Department (231-246)

Appendix D: Committee and Staff Biographies (247-254)