APPENDIX A.
THE SACAM WORKSHOP
I. STEERING COMMITTEE (RESPONSIBLE FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF THE SACAM WORKSHOP)
Murray Robbins, Bell Laboratories, Inc., Murray Hill, New Jersey, Chairman
Neil Bartlett, University of California, Berkeley
Hugo F.Franzen, Iowa State University
Theodore H.Geballe, Stanford University
Frederick Holtzberg, IBM Corporation, Yorktown Heights, New York
Mitchell J.Sienko, Cornell University
M.Stanley Whittingham, Exxon Research and Engineering Company, Linden, New Jersey
Robert E.Hughes, Cornell University, Liaison with Solid State Sciences Committee
II. PANELS
Panel 1: Problems Related to the Character of SACAM Research
Hugo F.Franzen, Iowa State University, Chairman
John D.Corbett, Iowa State University
John B.Goodenough, Oxford University
Larry L.Hench, University of Florida
Frederick Holtzberg, IBM Corporation, Yorktown Heights, New York
Alan G.MacDiarmid, University of Pennsylvania
David A.Shirley, University of California, Berkeley
Fred E.Stafford, National Science Foundation
Michell J.Sienko, Cornell University
Panel 2: Scientific Challenges Arising from Technological Needs
Robert A.Laudise, Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, New Jersey, Chairman
Harvey K.Bowen, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
John B.Bush, Jr., General Electric Company
Theordore H.Geballe, Stanford University
Merill W.Shafer, IBM Corporation, Yorktown Heights, New York
Arthur W.Sleight, E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Company, Inc.
Allan J.Strauss, Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Jack H.Wernick, Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, New Jersey
M.Stanley Whittingham, Exxon Research and Engineering Company, Linden, New Jersey
Panel 3: Interdependence of Synthesis and Characterization
Neil Bartlett, University of California, Berkeley, Chairman
David Adler, Masschusetts Institute of Technology
Aaron N.Bloch, The John Hopkins University
Warren E.Falconer, Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, New Jersey
Alan J.Heeger, University of Pennsylvania
Jurgen M.Honig, Purdue University
Leonard V.Interrante, General Electric Company
John M.Longo, Exxon Research and Engineering Company, Linden, New Jersey
Fred Wudl, Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, New Jersey
Panel 4. Training and Orientation of Personnel for the Advanced Materials Field
Leroy Eyring, Arizona State University, Chairman
F.Jerry Darnell, E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Company, Inc.
Smith L.Holt, University of Georgia
Edward Kostiner, University of Connecticut
Donald S.McClure, Princeton University
Gerd M.Rosenblatt, Pennsylvania State University
Duward F.Shriver, Northwestern University
Arthur H.Thompson, Exxon Research and Engineering Company Linden, New Jersey
Aaron Wold, Brown University
Panel 5: Instrumentation and Facilities
Gabor A.Somorjai, University of California, Berkeley, Chairman
Ephraim Banks, Polytechnic Institute of New York
Arthur I.Bienenstock, Stanford University
Richard C.Brdt, Pennsylvania State University
Rolfe Herber, Rutgers University
Dean L.Mitchell, National Science Foundation
David L.Nelson, Office of Naval Research
Donald K.Stevens, Department of Energy
III. REPORT COMMITTEE (RESPONSIBLE FOR THE PREPARATION OF THE SACAM SUMMARY REPORT)
Robert A.Laudise, Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, New Jersey, Chairman
Frederick Holtzberg, IBM Corporation, Yorktown Heights, New York
Allan G.MacDiarmid, University of Pennsylvania
Murray Robbins, Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, New Jersey
M.Stanley Whittingham, Exxon Research and Engineering Company, Linden, New Jersey
IV. PARTICIPANTS (REGISTERED FOR THE SACAM WORKSHOP)
A.F.Armington, U.S. Air Force, RADC/ESM
D.L.Ball, Air Force Office of Scientific Research
L.H.Bennett, National Bureau of Standards
B.Chamberland, University of Connecticut
G.Y.Chin, Bell Laboratories
M.H.Christmann, 3M Company
A.G.Chynoweth, Bell Laboratories
L.E.Conroy, University of Minesota
D.O.Cowan, Johns Hopkins University
M.A.DiGiuseppe, Allied Chemical Company
D.W.Elliot, Air Force Office of Scientific Research
A.J.Epstein, Xerox Corporation
B.J.Evans, University of Michigan
W.P.Evans, Union Carbide Corporation
W.J.Fredericks, Oregon State University
M.Greenblatt, Rutgers University
J.C.Hempel, Swarthmore College
D.J.Hodgson, University of North Carolina
J.A.Kafalas, Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
W.F.Little, University of North Carolina
J.W.McCauley, Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center
J.S.Miller, Rockwell International
S.Mroczkowski, Yale University
C.E.Myers, State University of New York, Binghamton
A.J.Nozik, Solar Energy Research Institute
N.Palladino, Snamprogetti U.S.A., Inc.
A.H.Reis, Jr., Argonne National Laboratory
R.W.Rice, Naval Research Laboratory
W.M.Risen, Jr., Brown University
H.Robson, Exxon Research and Engineering Company
R.S.Roth, National Bureau of Standards
J.E.Sarneski, Fairfield University
A.E.Schweizer, Airco
A.G.Sigai, Cerox Corporation
H.Steinfink, University of Texas, Austin
G.D.Sturgeon, University of Nebraska, Lincoln
B.I.Swanson, University of Texas, Austin
D.R.Ulrich, Air Force Office of Scientific Research
W.H.Watson, Texas Christian University
V. PLENARY SPEAKERS
The four plenary speakers were asked to present 40-minute talks on specific views of SACAM. The following abstracts contain some of the highlights of the plenary talks.
1. N.B.Hannay—SACAM: A Technological View
In this talk, recognition of the importance of interdisciplinary research was traced to the mid-1950s when the Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA) and the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) undertook the creation of interdisciplinary laboratories for materials research. Some of the areas cited as exemplifying the importance of interdisciplinary research were
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Transistors
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Dislocations
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Band structure
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Single-crystal growth
Some recent, important developments in characterization techniques cited were
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Neutron activation analysis
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Scanning transmission electron microscopy
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X-ray absorption photoelectron spectroscopy
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Rutherford backscattering
Synthesis of advanced materials was defined as the preparation of novel or new materials with desired properties for a given purpose. Some recent advances in synthesis cited were
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Intercalation compounds for Li battery electrodes
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Optical fibers for communications
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III–V compounds for laser diodes
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Molecular beam epitaxy
Thoughout, the importance of the interdisciplinary nature of materials research was emphasized.
2. J.B.Goodenough—SACAM: A View from Another Country
As in the first talk, advanced materials were defined as novel or new materials prepared with desired properties to fulfill a specific function. It was noted that materials problems generally originate from an engineering requirement. In order to develop a material to fulfill a desired function, scientists involved in chemistry, characterization, and theory must interact synergistically. The need for maintaining groups large enough so that all the diverse aspects of SACAM research in various disciplines was emphasized.
A comparison of the form of research support maintained by other governments was examined, with emphasis on the Japanese and French systems.
In Japan, universities and industrial institutions carry on research much as in the United States. The basic research effort maintained by the Ministry of Education includes both university and industry research (much along the lines of the Max Planck Institute in Germany). Technological research is supported by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry. The French system is similar to the Japanese system. In France, the Centre National Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) supports industrial scientists in the universities and also maintains a separate research institute (e.g., Grenoble).
The need to strengthen the position of solid-state chemistry within chemistry departments in universities in the United States was emphasized.
3. D.A.Shirley—SACAM: An Academic View
It was argued that synthetic inorganic chemistry is at the heart of the synthesis of advanced materials. The importance of research into the preparation of materials that appear to have no immediate use was discussed. It was asserted that this form of materials research leads to new methods of synthesis and novel properties. Various aspects of basic research in materials synthesis at a number of universities were discussed. Special emphasis was placed on the almost total lack of knowledge of the solid state on the part of many BS and PhD graduating chemists.
4. D.K.Stevens—SACAM: The Government Agency
This talk dealt predominantly with funding. The point was made that other commitments and budgetary constraints indicate that it is not reasonable to expect significant increases in funding in the foreseeable future. Requests for large amounts of additional funding would not be realistic.
