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Critical Issues in Health
S E C 0 N D E D ~ T ~ 0 N
INSTITUTE OF MEDICINES
OF THE NAJtONAl ACADE~iES
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INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE
500 Fifth Street, N.W.
Funding: This document was produced using internal IOM funds.
Washington, DC 20001
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of
distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtl~er-
ance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of
th charter granted to it by the Congress in ] 863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to
advise flee federal government on scientific arid technical matters. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts is
president of the National Academy of Sciences
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the
National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is
autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with tl~e National
Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National
Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs,
encourages education and research' arid recognizes the superior achievements of engineers.
Dr. Wm. A. Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering.
Tile institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to
secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy
matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility givers to
the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal
government alla' upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care? research, and
education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916
to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of
furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Fu~ctioni~g in accordance with
general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating
agency of loath the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in
providing services to the government, the public, arid the scientific and engineering
communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies arid the Institute of
Medicine. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts arid Dr. Win. A. Wulf are chair and vice chair' respectively, of
the National Research Council.
Copyright 2003 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America
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The Institute of Medicine: Adviser to the Nation
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