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Proceedings of the International Conference on Scientific Information -- Two Volumes (1959)

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772
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have many advantages for use in a retrieval system. Experience in its practical application was desired.

  1. Tests had already been carried out with a Uniterm system for cataloguing aircraft structural data (2), and on the N.L.L. card catalogue of aerodynamic measurements (3, 4). Similar evaluation of a peek-a-boo device based on a suitable subject classification was considered desirable.

  2. It was hoped to ascertain whether an analytical indexing and retrieval project in the complex subject of aerodynamics could be designed and operated by professional librarians without specialist subject knowledge, to the satisfaction of the aerodynamicists requiring the information.

PHYSICAL FORM OF THE INDEX

In its final form, the index would be made up of (1) a register, i.e., a list of all documents indexed by the system, in register serial number order; (2) a manual, consisting of (a) an introduction to the system, (b) a list of subject headings in classified order, (c) an alphabetical index to the subject headings; (3) index sheets—one for each subject heading and for each designated aircraft and aerofoil; register serial numbers of documents to be indicated by the positions of punched holes.

For testing purposes, however, it was decided to use only the classification schedule itself and standard 80-column Hollerith cards. Special cards or plates having a higher capacity might later be desirable, but their design, and that of suitable punching and viewing devices, could be left until the retrieval capabilities of the system had been investigated.

Choice of classification

After consideration of the known enumerative classifications of aerodynamics, including U.D.C., N.A.C.A., and the N.L.L. (all of which are used to some extent in the Establishment), it was decided to adopt the classification system devised by Mr. Seymour with this project in mind. After comments had been sought from subject experts, the classification was adopted with slight modifications; it appears as Table 2, together with the number of times each code was used in indexing the first 700 documents. It was expected that further modifications would follow an initial trial period of indexing.

Indexing

THE INDEXERS

The six indexers were professional librarians employed in the Main and Departmental libraries of the Establishment. One of them (A) was librarian

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772
Front Matter (R1-R24)
Opening Session Address (1-8)
Area 1: Literature and Reference Needs of Scientists: Knowledge now available and methods of ascertaining requirements (9-12)
Proposed Scope of Area 1 (13-18)
Study on the Use of Scientific Literature and Reference Services by Scandinavian Scientists and Engineers Engaged in Research Development (19-76)
The Transmission of Scientific Information (77-96)
An Operations Research Study of the Dissemination of Scientific Information (97-130)
Information and Literature Use in a Research and Development Organization (131-162)
Methods by which Research Workers Find Information (163-180)
Determining Requirements for Atomic Energy Information from Reference Questions (181-188)
Systematically Ascertaining Requirements of Scientists for Information (189-194)
How Scientists Actually Learn of Work Important to Them (195-198)
Planned and Unplanned Scientific Information (199-244)
The Use of Technical Literature by Industrial Technologists (245-266)
Requirements of Forest Scientists for Literature and Reference Services (267-276)
The Information-Gathering Habits of American Medical Scientists (277-286)
Use of Scientific Periodicals (287-300)
Summary of Discussion (301-312)
Area 2: The Function and Effectiveness of Abstracting and Indexing Services (313-316)
Proposed Scope of Area 2 (317-320)
An Evaluation of Abstracting Journals and Indexes (321-350)
Analytical Study of a Method for Literature Search in Abstracting Journals (351-376)
The Relation Between Completeness and Effectiveness of a Subject Catalogue (377-380)
Cost Analysis of Bibliographies or Bibliographic Services (381-392)
The Efficiency of Metallurgical Services (393-406)
Subject Slanting in Scientific Abstracting Publications (407-428)
The Importance of Peripheral Publications in the Documentation of Biology (429-434)
Current Medical Literature: A Quantitative Survey of Articles and Journals (435-448)
A Combined Indexing-Abstracting System (449-460)
A Unified Index to Science (461-474)
Lost Information: Unpublished Conference Papers (475-480)
International Cooperation in Physics Abstracting (481-490)
International Cooperative Abstracting on Building: An Appraisal (491-496)
Cooperation and Coordination in Abstracting and Documentation (497-510)
On the Functioning of the All-Union Institute for Scientific and Technical Information of the USSR Academy of Sciences (511-522)
Summary of Discussion (523-536)
Area 3: Effectiveness of Monographs, Compendia, and Specialized Centers: Present trends and new and proposed techniques and types of services (537-540)
Proposed Scope of Area 3 (541-544)
Review Literature and the Chemist (545-570)
The Place of Analytical and Critical Reviews in Any Growing Biological Science and the Service They May Render to Research (571-588)
Recent Trends in Scientific Documentation in South Asia: Problems of Speed and Coverage (589-604)
Scientific Documentation in France (605-612)
Scientific, Technical, and Economic Information in a Research Organization (613-648)
Summary of Discussion (649-660)
Area 4: Organization of Information for Storage and Search: Comparative characteristics of existing systems (661-664)
Proposed Scope of Area 4 (665-670)
Conventional and Inverted Grouping of Codes for Chemical Data (671-686)
The Evaluation of Systems Used in Retrieval Systems on Large Electronic Computers (687-698)
Experience in Developing Information Retrieval Systems (699-710)
Printing Chemical Structures Electronically: Encoded Compounds Searched Generically with IBM-702 (711-730)
Evolution of Document Control in a Materials Deterioration Information Center (731-762)
Retrieval Questions from the Use of Linde's Indexing and Retrieval System (763-770)
Classification with Peek-a-boo for Indexing Documents on Aerodynamics: An Experiment in Retrieval (771-802)
Summary of Discussion (803-812)
Area 5: Organization of Information for Storage and Retrospective Search: Intellectual problems and equipment considerations in the design of new systems (813-816)
Proposed Scope of Area 5 (817-822)
The Basic Types of Information Tasks and Some Methods of Their Solution (823-854)
Subject Analysis for Information Retrieval (855-866)
The Construction of a Faceted Classification for a Special Subject (867-888)
On the Coding of Geometrical Shapes and Other Representations, with Reference to Archaeological Documents (889-902)
Subject-Word Letter Frequencies with Applications to Superimposed Coding (903-916)
The Analogy between Mechanical Translation and Library Retrieval (917-936)
Linguistic Transformations for Information Retrieval (937-950)
Linguistic and Machine Methods for Compiling and Updating the Harvard Automatic Dictionary (951-974)
The Feasability of Machine Searching of English Texts (975-996)
Semantic Matrices (997-1026)
Interlingual Communication in the Sciences (1027-1046)
An Overall Concept of Scientific Documentation Systems and Their Design (1047-1070)
The Possibilities of Far-Reaching Mechanization of Novelty Search of the Patent Literature (1071-1096)
Descriptive Documentation (1097-1116)
Variable Scope Search System: VS8 (1117-1142)
The Haystaq System: Past, Present, and Future (1143-1180)
A Proposed Information Handling System for a Large Research Organization (1181-1202)
Information Handling in a Large Information System (1203-1220)
Tabledex: A New Coordinate Indexing Method for Bound Book Form Bibliographies (1221-1244)
The Comac: An Efficient Punched Card Collating System for the Storage and Retrieval of Information (1245-1254)
Summary of Discussion (1255-1268)
Area 6: Organization of Information for Storage and Retrospective Search: Possibility for a general theory (1269-1272)
Proposed Scope of Area 6 (1273-1274)
The Structure of Information Retrieval Systems (1275-1290)
The Descriptive Continuum: A (1291-1312)
Algebraic Representation of Storage and Retrieval Languages (1313-1326)
A Mathematical Theory of Language Symbols in Retrieval (1327-1364)
Abstract Theory of Retrieval Coding (1365-1382)
Maze Structure and Information Retrieval (1383-1394)
Summary of Discussion (1395-1410)
Area 7: Responsibilities of Government, Professional Societies, Universities (1411-1414)
Proposed Scope of Area 7 (1415-1416)
Responsibilities for Scientific Information in Biology: Proposal for Financing a Comprehensive System (1417-1428)
Responsibility for the Development of Scientific Information as a National Resource (1429-1434)
Differences in International Arrangements for Financial Support of Information Services (1435-1440)
Training for Activity in Scientific Documentation Work (1441-1488)
Training the Scientific Information Officer (1489-1494)
Training for Scientific Information Work in Great Britain (1495-1502)
The ICSU Abstracting Board: The Story of a Venture in International Cooperation (1503-1516)
Creation of an International Center of Scientific Information (1517-1522)
An International Institute for Scientific Information (1523-1534)
Summary of Discussion (1535-1548)
Closing Session (1549-1562)
Financial Support (1563-1564)
Exhibitors (1565-1566)
Roster of Registrants (1567-1606)
Index (1607-1638)