fortification policies, 4, 16, 52-55, 124, 135, 143-144

nutrition issues, 52, 97, 98

nutrition labeling, 13, 14, 35-40, 43-44, 85, 89, 97, 98, 101, 104-105, 111, 116

Recommended Daily Intakes, 38

Recommended Nutrient Intakes, 2, 14, 36, 39-40, 56, 57, 58, 68, 144

reference values for nutrients, 2, 14, 35-40, 44, 174-178

reference weights and heights, 73-74

special purpose foods, 143-144

temporary marketing authorization, 135

Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 37

Canadian National Institute of Nutrition, 57

Canadian Paediatric Society, 68, 69, 104

Cancer, 120

Carbohydrate, 24, 35, 69, 94, 95, 96, 98, 103, 104, 105, 176, 186, 187, 193

Carotenoids, 137, 146, 189

Children (ages 4-8), 64, 70, 72, 73, 75, 78, 95, 187

Chloride, 115, 193

Cholesterol, dietary, 24, 27, 38, 39, 99, 101, 103, 104, 105, 117, 120, 121, 192, 193

Choline, 92, 115, 118-119, 146, 175, 183, 189

Chromium, 92, 115, 118-119, 127, 134, 146, 175, 184, 190, 193

Chronic disease risk reduction, 1, 22-23, 24, 29, 36, 74, 75, 76, 99, 120, 123, 124

Codex Alimentarius Commission, 54

Consumer Health Information for Better Nutrition, 31

Consumer research

on Canadian nutrition labeling, 37, 43-44

context of, 40-41

on diet quality, 42-43, 150

recommendations, 11-12, 146, 149-152

satisfaction with label, 42

on U.S. nutrition labeling, 25, 40-41, 80, 149-152

Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals, 100

Copper, 21, 22, 114, 115, 116, 118-119, 173, 174, 177, 178, 181, 184, 190, 193

Coronary heart disease, 92, 95, 99, 100, 113, 120

D

Daily Reference Values, 14, 23, 23-26, 38, 51, 81, 114, 116

Daily Values (% DV)

base population, 81

calorie reference level, 27, 37, 41, 97-99, 113, 193

consumer understanding of, 14, 39, 40-41, 100, 150-151

defined, 80-81

for fatty acids and cholesterol, 99-101

implications of changes in, 114-122

inappropriate and misleading items, 95-97

for infant and toddler foods, 102-107

by life-stage group, 102-108

for macronutrients, 39, 98

margin of safety, 89, 90

by nutrient, 118-119, 193

population-weighted values compared, 118-119

rationale for using, 25, 26, 39, 80, 83

RDA-based, 2, 13, 14, 52, 83-84, 89, 103

supplement labeling, 31, 32-33, 108-109

Diabetes mellitus, 43, 113

Diet and Health (report), 1, 22, 24

Dietary Goals for the United States, 1, 22

Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 22

Dietary intake data, 100, 101, 129, 130, 131, 148

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)

applicable population, 77

categories, 2, 14, 61-74;

see also Adequate Intakes, Estimated Average Requirements;

Recommended Dietary Allowances;

Tolerable Upper Intake Levels

criteria for, 60-61, 74, 75, 76, 130

defined, 60-61

derivation of, 58, 67-72

energy intake and, 2, 76-77

extrapolation of data, 63, 66, 69, 72, 138

fortification issues, 2, 4, 14, 74-78, 129-130

framework, 58-60

international harmonization of, 2, 57-59

labeling considerations, 2, 4, 14, 75

macronutrient issues, 76-77

nutrient intake issues, 77

Front Matter (R1-R18)

Executive Summary (1-12)

1 Introduction (13-17)

2 Overview of Nutrition Labeling in the United States and Canada (18-44)

3 Overview of Food Fortification in the United States and Canada (45-55)

4 A Brief Review of the History and Concepts of the Dietary Reference Intakes (56-78)

5 Guiding Principles for Selecting Reference Values for Nutrition Labeling (79-123)

6 Guiding Principles for the Discretionary Addition of Nutrients to Food (124-144)

7 Data Support and Research Recommendations (145-152)

8 References (153-164)

Appendix A: Biographical Sketches of the Committee (165-171)

Appendix B: Selected Illustrative Calculations Using a Population-Weighted Approach (172-178)

Appendix C: Reference Tables (179-193)

Appendix D: Workshop Programs (194-196)

Index (197-206)