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Dietary Supplements: A Framework for Evaluating Safety (2005)
Institute of Medicine (IOM)

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. "6 Categories of Scientific Evidence--Information About Related Substances." Dietary Supplements: A Framework for Evaluating Safety. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2005.

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Dietary Supplements: A Framework for Evaluating Safety

Primary Genera of Concern

Family

Compounds and Compound

Classes Implicated in Toxicity

Cycas

Cycadaceae

Methylazoxymethanol glycosides

Cynodon

Poaceae

Cyanogenic glycosides

Agroclavine alkaloidsc

Cynoglossum

Boraginaceae

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids

Cytisus

Fabaceae

Quinolizidine alkaloids

Daphne

Thymelaeaceae

Phorbol esters

Datura

Solanaceae

Tropane alkaloids

Daucusb

Apiaceae

Polyacetylenes

Delphinium

Ranunculaceae

Diterpenoid alkaloids

Descurainia

Brassicaceae

Isothiocyanates

Thiooxazolidones

Dicentra

Papaveraeae

Isoquinoline alkaloids, Bicuculline

Dieffenbachia

Araceae

Oxalates

Digitalis

Scrophulariaceae

Cardiac glycosides

Dolichos

Fabaceae

Cyanogenic compounds

Drymaria

Caryophllaceae

Saponins

Duboisia

Solanaceae

Tropane alkaloids

Echium

Boraginaceae

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids

Ephedra

Ephedraceae

Ephedrine, Norephedrine and related alkaloids

Euonymus

Celastraceae

Cardiac glycosides

Eupatorium

Asteraceae

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids

Tremetol/tremetones

Euphorbia

Euphorbiaceae

Phorbol esters

Fagopyrum

Polygonaceae

Fagopyrine

Farfugium

Asteraceae

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids

Ferula

Apiaceae

Coumarins

Festuca

Poaceae

Ergot alkaloidsc

 

 

Penitrem alkaloidsc

Selenium accumulation

Flourensia

Asteraceae

Tremetone derivatives,

Benzofurans, Polyacetylenes

Gloriosa

Liliaceae

Colchicine

Page
190
Front Matter (R1-R20)
Executive Summary (1-18)
1 Introduction and Background (19-42)
2 Approaches Used by Others and Existing Safety Frameworks (43-84)
3 The Framework (85-125)
4 Categories of Scientific Evidence--Human Information and Data (126-155)
5 Categories of Scientific Evidence--Animal Data (156-174)
6 Categories of Scientific Evidence--Information About Related Substances (175-216)
7 Categories of Scientific Evidence--In Vitro Data (217-234)
8 Interactions (235-246)
9 Vulnerable Groups and Prevalance of Use (247-252)
10 Scientific Principles for Integrating and Evaluating the Available Data (253-268)
11 Applying the Framework: Case Studies Using the Prototype Safety Monographs (269-291)
12 Factors Influencing Use of the Safety Framework (292-296)
13 Findings and Recommendations (297-306)
Appendix A: Existing Frameworks or Systems for Evaluating the Safety of Other Substances (307-315)
Appendix B: Scope of Work and Comments to Initial July 2002 Framework (316-321)
Appendix C: Plant Family Information (322-355)
Appendix D: Chaparral: Prototype Monograph Summary (356-362)
Appendix E: Glucosamine: Prototype Monograph Summary (363-366)
Appendix F: Melatonin: Prototype Monograph Summary (367-371)
Appendix G: Chromium Picolinate: Prototype Monograph Summary (372-375)
Appendix H: Saw Palmetto: Prototype Monograph Summary (376-379)
Appendix I: Shark Cartilage: Prototype Monograph Summary (380-384)
Appendix J: Prototype Focused Monograph: Review of Liver-Related Risks for Chaparral (385-449)
Appendix K: Protoype Focused Monograph: Review of Anti-Androgenic Risks of Saw Palmetto Ingestion by Women (450-477)
Appendix L: Acknowledgements (478-480)
Appendix M: Biographical Sketches of Commitee Members (481-488)
Index (489-506)