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Dietary Supplements: A Framework for Evaluating Safety (2005)
Institute of Medicine (IOM)

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. "6 Categories of Scientific Evidence--Information About Related Substances." Dietary Supplements: A Framework for Evaluating Safety. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2005.

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Dietary Supplements: A Framework for Evaluating Safety

Primary Genera of Concern

Family

Compounds and Compound

Classes Implicated in Toxicity

Secaleb

Poaceae

Nitrate accumulation, ergot alkaloidsc

Senecio

Asteraceae

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids

Sesbania

Fabaceae

Quinolizidine alkaloids

Solanumb

Solanaceae

Steroidal alkaloids

Polyhydroxyalkaloids (calystegines)

Solidago

Asteraceae

Unknown

Sophora

Fabaceae

Quinolizidine alkaloids

Sorghumb

Poaceae

Cyanogenic glycosides, nitrate

Spartium

Fabaceae

Sparteine

Strelitzia

Musaceae

Phenalenones

Strychnos

Loganiaceae

Strychnine

Symphytum

Boraginaceae

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids

Tanacetum

Asteraceae

Unknown

Taxus

Taxaceae

Taxoids

Tetradymia

Asteraceae

Furanoeremophilanes

Teucrium

Lamiaceae

Diterpenes (?)

Thevetia

Apocynaceae

Cardiac glycosides

Toxicodendron

Anacardiaceae

Urushiols

Trichodesma

Asteraceae

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids

Trifoliumb

Fabaceae

Coumestrol

Isoflavones

Triglochin

Juncaginaceae

Cyanogenic glycosides

Tripterygium

Celastraceae

Diterpenes

Tussilago

Asteraceae

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids

Urginea

Liliaceae

Cardiac glycosides

Veratrum

Liliaceae

Steroidal alkaloids

Vicia

Fabaceae

Aminobutyric and aminopropionic acids and nitriles

Wisteria

Fabaceae

Canavanine

Xanthium

Asteraceae

Carboxyatractyloside

Zamia

Zamiaceae

 

Page
198
Front Matter (R1-R20)
Executive Summary (1-18)
1 Introduction and Background (19-42)
2 Approaches Used by Others and Existing Safety Frameworks (43-84)
3 The Framework (85-125)
4 Categories of Scientific Evidence--Human Information and Data (126-155)
5 Categories of Scientific Evidence--Animal Data (156-174)
6 Categories of Scientific Evidence--Information About Related Substances (175-216)
7 Categories of Scientific Evidence--In Vitro Data (217-234)
8 Interactions (235-246)
9 Vulnerable Groups and Prevalance of Use (247-252)
10 Scientific Principles for Integrating and Evaluating the Available Data (253-268)
11 Applying the Framework: Case Studies Using the Prototype Safety Monographs (269-291)
12 Factors Influencing Use of the Safety Framework (292-296)
13 Findings and Recommendations (297-306)
Appendix A: Existing Frameworks or Systems for Evaluating the Safety of Other Substances (307-315)
Appendix B: Scope of Work and Comments to Initial July 2002 Framework (316-321)
Appendix C: Plant Family Information (322-355)
Appendix D: Chaparral: Prototype Monograph Summary (356-362)
Appendix E: Glucosamine: Prototype Monograph Summary (363-366)
Appendix F: Melatonin: Prototype Monograph Summary (367-371)
Appendix G: Chromium Picolinate: Prototype Monograph Summary (372-375)
Appendix H: Saw Palmetto: Prototype Monograph Summary (376-379)
Appendix I: Shark Cartilage: Prototype Monograph Summary (380-384)
Appendix J: Prototype Focused Monograph: Review of Liver-Related Risks for Chaparral (385-449)
Appendix K: Protoype Focused Monograph: Review of Anti-Androgenic Risks of Saw Palmetto Ingestion by Women (450-477)
Appendix L: Acknowledgements (478-480)
Appendix M: Biographical Sketches of Commitee Members (481-488)
Index (489-506)