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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Data Sources and Methods." Institute of Medicine. 2004. In the Nation's Compelling Interest: Ensuring Diversity in the Health-Care Workforce. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10885.
×

A
Data Sources and Methods

In order to respond to the study charge, several steps were undertaken to assess data regarding strategies for increasing diversity in the health professions. Sources of data and information included the assembly of a committee with appropriate knowledge and expertise; review of literature regarding admissions practices, accreditation policies, financing arrangements, community benefit principles, and the institutional climate; commissioned papers; and public workshops.

STUDY COMMITTEE

A 15-member study committee was convened to assess available data and respond to the study charge. The committee comprised members with expertise in areas such as health professions education, minority health, health-care service delivery, economics, law, statistics, and health policy. The committee convened for five 2-day meetings between November 2002 and September 2003.

LITERATURE REVIEW

The committee’s review of the literature included, but was not limited to, articles published in peer-reviewed journals. The review focused on data regarding trends in minority health; underrepresented minority (URM) representation in the targeted health professions fields; admissions and accreditation policies for psychology, nursing, medicine, and dentistry; fed-

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Data Sources and Methods." Institute of Medicine. 2004. In the Nation's Compelling Interest: Ensuring Diversity in the Health-Care Workforce. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10885.
×

eral and private sources of funding for health professions students, including a review of evidence of their efficacy; and the role of institutional climate and community benefit standards in supporting and increasing diversity.

COMMISSIONED PAPERS

The study committee commissioned several papers, which were intended to provide in-depth information on the benefits of diversity, accreditation standards, admissions policies, financing of health professions, and institutional climate. Some of these papers are published with this report volume. These topics and the paper authors were determined by the study committee. The commissioned papers were not intended to serve as a sub-stitute for the committee’s own review and analysis of the literature. The committee independently deliberated on data regarding these topics, prior to receiving the draft commissioned papers.

PUBLIC WORKSHOPS

The study committee hosted six one-day public workshops in conjunction with its February, April, and June 2003 meetings in order to gain additional information from the public on key aspects of the study charge. Two workshops were conducted at each of these three meetings. The topics and nature of the workshops were determined by the study committee.

The first workshop was intended to allow the committee to hear the perspectives of racial and ethnic minority and nonminority health professions organizations on the importance of diversity. Subsequent workshops were focused on admissions policies and practices; the role of accreditation standards in increasing diversity; the potential application of community benefits standards; ways in which the climate of institutions can support diversity; and the financing of health professions education, including federal and nonfederal sources of support. The agendas, with lists of participants, are presented in Boxes A-1 through A-3.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Data Sources and Methods." Institute of Medicine. 2004. In the Nation's Compelling Interest: Ensuring Diversity in the Health-Care Workforce. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10885.
×

BOX A-1
Public Workshop IOM Committee on Institutional and Policy-Level Strategies for Increasing the Diversity of the U.S. Health Care Workforce

Wednesday, February 5, 2003

The National Academies, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Room 109

AGENDA

10:00 a.m.

WELCOME AND INTRODUCTIONS

 

Lonnie R. Bristow, M.D.

Chair, IOM Committee on Institutional and Policy-Level

Strategies for Increasing the Diversity of the U.S. Health Care

Workforce

10:15 a.m.

PRESENTATIONS FROM INTEREST GROUPS AND STAKEHOLDERS

 

L. Natalie Carroll, M.D.

President, National Medical Association

 

David Johnsen, D.D.S.

President, American Dental Education Association

 

Hilda Richards, Ed.D., R.N.

President, National Black Nurses Assocation, Inc.

 

Charles Terrell, Ed.D.

Vice President, Division of Community Minority Programs Association of American Medical Colleges

 

Barbara Blakeney, M.S., A.P.R.N., B.C., A.N.P.

President, American Nurses Association

 

Phyllis Kopriva

Director, Women and Minority Services and

 

Kevin McKinney, M.D.

Chair, Minority Affairs Consortium

American Medical Association

 

Geraldine Bednash, Ph.D., R.N., F.A.A.N.

Executive Director, American Association of Colleges of Nursing

 

Elena Rios, M.D.

National Hispanic Medical Association

 

Ben Muneta, M.D.

President, Association of American Indian Physicians

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Data Sources and Methods." Institute of Medicine. 2004. In the Nation's Compelling Interest: Ensuring Diversity in the Health-Care Workforce. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10885.
×

11:00 a.m.

QUESTION AND ANSWER PERIOD

12:00 p.m.

LUNCH SERVED IN MEETING ROOM

1:00 p.m.

ADMISSIONS POLICIES AND PRACTICES

 

Speakers will present for 30 minutes. Committee members will participate in a 15-minute question and answer period following each presentation.

1:00 p.m.

Dean Whitla, Ph.D.

Director, National Campus Diversity Project

Harvard Graduate School of Education

1:45 p.m.

Ella Cleveland, Ph.D.

Association of American Medical Colleges

2:30 p.m.

BREAK

2:45 p.m.

Gabriel Garcia, M.D.

Associate Dean of Medical School Admissions Stanford University

3:30 p.m.

Joshua Aronson, Ph.D.

Assistant Professor, Department of Applied Psychology New York University

4:15 p.m.

ADJOURN

BOX A-2
Public Workshop IOM Committee on Institutional and Policy-Level Strategies for Increasing the Diversity of the U.S. Health Care Workforce

Wednesday, April 9, 2003

The National Academies, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Room 109

AGENDA

8:30 a.m.

WELCOME AND INTRODUCTIONS

 

Lonnie R. Bristow, M.D.

Chair, Committee on Institutional and Policy-Level Strategies for Increasing the Diversity of the Health Care Workforce

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Data Sources and Methods." Institute of Medicine. 2004. In the Nation's Compelling Interest: Ensuring Diversity in the Health-Care Workforce. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10885.
×

8:45 a.m.

WORKSHOP—WHAT IS THE ROLE OF ACCREDITATION STANDARDS IN PROMOTING RACIAL AND ETHNIC DIVERSITY IN HEALTH PROFESSIONS TRAINING PROGRAMS?

8:45 a.m.

Barbara Grumet

National League for Nursing Accrediting Commission

9:30 a.m.

Dr. Charlotte Beason

Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education

10:15 a.m.

Karen Hart

Commission on Dental Accreditation

11:00 a.m.

BREAK

11:15 a.m.

Dr. David Stevens

Liaison Committee on Medical Education

12:00 p.m.

Dr. Susan Zlotlow

American Psychological Association Committee on Accreditation

12:45 p.m.

LUNCH SERVED IN MEETING ROOM

1:15 p.m.

WORKSHOP—WHAT IS THE ROLE OF COMMUNITY BENEFIT STANDARDS IN PROMOTING RACIAL AND ETHNIC DIVERSITY IN HEALTH PROFESSIONS TRAINING PROGRAMS?

 

Presentation—Community Benefit: Policies, Practices, and Potential Application to Health Professions Education

 

Dr. Kevin Barnett

Public Health Institute

 

Dr. Paul Hattis

Tufts University

 

Panel Discussion

 

Dr. JudyAnn Bigby

Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School

 

Dr. Bradford Gray

New York Academy of Medicine

 

Dr. William Vega

UMDNJ–Robert Wood Johnson Medical School

4:15 p.m.

ADJOURN

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Data Sources and Methods." Institute of Medicine. 2004. In the Nation's Compelling Interest: Ensuring Diversity in the Health-Care Workforce. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10885.
×

BOX A-3
Public Workshop IOM Committee on Institutional and Policy-Level Strategies for Increasing the Diversity of the U.S. Health Care Workforce

Monday, June 30, 2003

The National Academies, 2101 Constitution Avenue, NW, Room 150

AGENDA

9:00 a.m.

WELCOME AND INTRODUCTIONS

 

Lonnie R. Bristow, M.D.

Chair, Committee on Institutional and Policy-Level Strategies for Increasing the Diversity of the Health Care Workforce

9:15 a.m.

WORKSHOP—WHAT IS THE ROLE OF INSTITUTIONAL CLIMATE IN PROMOTING RACIAL AND ETHNIC DIVERSITY IN HEALTH PROFESSIONS TRAINING PROGRAMS?

 

Enacting Diversity on Campus: A Framework for Conceptualizing and Assessing the Campus Racial Climate

 

Jeffery F. Milem, Ph.D.

Associate Professor

Department of Education Policy and Leadership

University of Maryland

and

Eric L. Dey, Ph.D.

Associate Professor

Center for the Study of Higher and Postsecondary Education

University of Michigan School of Education

 

Efforts to Retain Ethnic Minority Health Professions

Students

 

Michael Rainey, Ph.D.

Associate Dean for Academic Advisement

Stony Brook University School of Medicine

 

Efforts to Recruit and Retain Ethnic Minority Faculty

 

Daryl G. Smith, Ph.D.

Professor of Education and Psychology

School of Educational Studies

Claremont Graduate University

 

Efforts to Recruit and Retain Ethnic Minority Faculty—ACE Perspective

 

William B. Harvey, Ed.D.

Vice President and Director

Office of Minorities in Higher Education

American Council on Education

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Data Sources and Methods." Institute of Medicine. 2004. In the Nation's Compelling Interest: Ensuring Diversity in the Health-Care Workforce. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10885.
×

12:00 p.m.

LUNCH SERVED IN MEETING ROOM

1:00 p.m.

WORKSHOP—WHAT IS THE ROLE OF FINANCING OF HEALTH PROFESSIONS TRAINING IN PROMOTING RACIAL AND ETHNIC DIVERSITY IN HEALTH PROFESSIONS TRAINING PROGRAMS?

 

Federal and Nonfederal Sources of Financial Assistance for Health Professions Students

 

Karen Matherlee

Consultant to the Study Committee

President, KRM Policy

 

Bureau of Health Professions Programs That Address Financial Barriers

 

Henry Lopez, Jr.

Director, Division of Health Careers Diversity and Development

Bureau of Health Professions, Health Resources and Services

Administration

 

Potential of Two Colorado Programs to Increase Access to and Interest in Dental Careers Among Underrepresented Students

 

Howard Landesman, D.D.S., M.Ed.

Dean, School of Dentistry

University of Colorado Health Science Center

3:30 p.m.

ADJOURN

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Data Sources and Methods." Institute of Medicine. 2004. In the Nation's Compelling Interest: Ensuring Diversity in the Health-Care Workforce. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10885.
×
Page 213
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Data Sources and Methods." Institute of Medicine. 2004. In the Nation's Compelling Interest: Ensuring Diversity in the Health-Care Workforce. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10885.
×
Page 214
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Data Sources and Methods." Institute of Medicine. 2004. In the Nation's Compelling Interest: Ensuring Diversity in the Health-Care Workforce. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10885.
×
Page 215
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Data Sources and Methods." Institute of Medicine. 2004. In the Nation's Compelling Interest: Ensuring Diversity in the Health-Care Workforce. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10885.
×
Page 216
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Data Sources and Methods." Institute of Medicine. 2004. In the Nation's Compelling Interest: Ensuring Diversity in the Health-Care Workforce. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10885.
×
Page 217
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Data Sources and Methods." Institute of Medicine. 2004. In the Nation's Compelling Interest: Ensuring Diversity in the Health-Care Workforce. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10885.
×
Page 218
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Data Sources and Methods." Institute of Medicine. 2004. In the Nation's Compelling Interest: Ensuring Diversity in the Health-Care Workforce. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10885.
×
Page 219
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The United States is rapidly transforming into one of the most racially and ethnically diverse nations in the world. Groups commonly referred to as minorities--including Asian Americans, Pacific Islanders, African Americans, Hispanics, American Indians, and Alaska Natives--are the fastest growing segments of the population and emerging as the nation's majority. Despite the rapid growth of racial and ethnic minority groups, their representation among the nation’s health professionals has grown only modestly in the past 25 years. This alarming disparity has prompted the recent creation of initiatives to increase diversity in health professions.

In the Nation's Compelling Interest considers the benefits of greater racial and ethnic diversity, and identifies institutional and policy-level mechanisms to garner broad support among health professions leaders, community members, and other key stakeholders to implement these strategies. Assessing the potential benefits of greater racial and ethnic diversity among health professionals will improve the access to and quality of healthcare for all Americans.

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