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In The Nation’s Compelling Interest: Ensuring Diversity in the Health-Care Workforce
A
Data Sources and Methods
In order to respond to the study charge, several steps were undertaken to assess data regarding strategies for increasing diversity in the health professions. Sources of data and information included the assembly of a committee with appropriate knowledge and expertise; review of literature regarding admissions practices, accreditation policies, financing arrangements, community benefit principles, and the institutional climate; commissioned papers; and public workshops.
STUDY COMMITTEE
A 15-member study committee was convened to assess available data and respond to the study charge. The committee comprised members with expertise in areas such as health professions education, minority health, health-care service delivery, economics, law, statistics, and health policy. The committee convened for five 2-day meetings between November 2002 and September 2003.
LITERATURE REVIEW
The committee’s review of the literature included, but was not limited to, articles published in peer-reviewed journals. The review focused on data regarding trends in minority health; underrepresented minority (URM) representation in the targeted health professions fields; admissions and accreditation policies for psychology, nursing, medicine, and dentistry; fed-
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In The Nation’s Compelling Interest: Ensuring Diversity in the Health-Care Workforce
eral and private sources of funding for health professions students, including a review of evidence of their efficacy; and the role of institutional climate and community benefit standards in supporting and increasing diversity.
COMMISSIONED PAPERS
The study committee commissioned several papers, which were intended to provide in-depth information on the benefits of diversity, accreditation standards, admissions policies, financing of health professions, and institutional climate. Some of these papers are published with this report volume. These topics and the paper authors were determined by the study committee. The commissioned papers were not intended to serve as a sub-stitute for the committee’s own review and analysis of the literature. The committee independently deliberated on data regarding these topics, prior to receiving the draft commissioned papers.
PUBLIC WORKSHOPS
The study committee hosted six one-day public workshops in conjunction with its February, April, and June 2003 meetings in order to gain additional information from the public on key aspects of the study charge. Two workshops were conducted at each of these three meetings. The topics and nature of the workshops were determined by the study committee.
The first workshop was intended to allow the committee to hear the perspectives of racial and ethnic minority and nonminority health professions organizations on the importance of diversity. Subsequent workshops were focused on admissions policies and practices; the role of accreditation standards in increasing diversity; the potential application of community benefits standards; ways in which the climate of institutions can support diversity; and the financing of health professions education, including federal and nonfederal sources of support. The agendas, with lists of participants, are presented in Boxes A-1 through A-3.
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In The Nation’s Compelling Interest: Ensuring Diversity in the Health-Care Workforce
BOX A-1
Public Workshop IOM Committee on Institutional and Policy-Level Strategies for Increasing the Diversity of the U.S. Health Care Workforce
Wednesday, February 5, 2003
The National Academies, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Room 109
AGENDA
10:00 a.m.
WELCOME AND INTRODUCTIONS
Lonnie R. Bristow, M.D.
Chair, IOM Committee on Institutional and Policy-Level
Strategies for Increasing the Diversity of the U.S. Health Care
Workforce
10:15 a.m.
PRESENTATIONS FROM INTEREST GROUPS AND STAKEHOLDERS
L. Natalie Carroll, M.D.
President, National Medical Association
David Johnsen, D.D.S.
President, American Dental Education Association
Hilda Richards, Ed.D., R.N.
President, National Black Nurses Assocation, Inc.
Charles Terrell, Ed.D.
Vice President, Division of Community Minority Programs Association of American Medical Colleges
Barbara Blakeney, M.S., A.P.R.N., B.C., A.N.P.
President, American Nurses Association
Phyllis Kopriva
Director, Women and Minority Services and
Kevin McKinney, M.D.
Chair, Minority Affairs Consortium
American Medical Association
Geraldine Bednash, Ph.D., R.N., F.A.A.N.
Executive Director, American Association of Colleges of Nursing
Elena Rios, M.D.
National Hispanic Medical Association
Ben Muneta, M.D.
President, Association of American Indian Physicians
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11:00 a.m.
QUESTION AND ANSWER PERIOD
12:00 p.m.
LUNCH SERVED IN MEETING ROOM
1:00 p.m.
ADMISSIONS POLICIES AND PRACTICES
Speakers will present for 30 minutes. Committee members will participate in a 15-minute question and answer period following each presentation.
1:00 p.m.
Dean Whitla, Ph.D.
Director, National Campus Diversity Project
Harvard Graduate School of Education
1:45 p.m.
Ella Cleveland, Ph.D.
Association of American Medical Colleges
2:30 p.m.
BREAK
2:45 p.m.
Gabriel Garcia, M.D.
Associate Dean of Medical School Admissions Stanford University
3:30 p.m.
Joshua Aronson, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor, Department of Applied Psychology New York University
4:15 p.m.
ADJOURN
BOX A-2
Public Workshop IOM Committee on Institutional and Policy-Level Strategies for Increasing the Diversity of the U.S. Health Care Workforce
Wednesday, April 9, 2003
The National Academies, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Room 109
AGENDA
8:30 a.m.
WELCOME AND INTRODUCTIONS
Lonnie R. Bristow, M.D.
Chair, Committee on Institutional and Policy-Level Strategies for Increasing the Diversity of the Health Care Workforce
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8:45 a.m.
WORKSHOP—WHAT IS THE ROLE OF ACCREDITATION STANDARDS IN PROMOTING RACIAL AND ETHNIC DIVERSITY IN HEALTH PROFESSIONS TRAINING PROGRAMS?
8:45 a.m.
Barbara Grumet
National League for Nursing Accrediting Commission
9:30 a.m.
Dr. Charlotte Beason
Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education
10:15 a.m.
Karen Hart
Commission on Dental Accreditation
11:00 a.m.
BREAK
11:15 a.m.
Dr. David Stevens
Liaison Committee on Medical Education
12:00 p.m.
Dr. Susan Zlotlow
American Psychological Association Committee on Accreditation
12:45 p.m.
LUNCH SERVED IN MEETING ROOM
1:15 p.m.
WORKSHOP—WHAT IS THE ROLE OF COMMUNITY BENEFIT STANDARDS IN PROMOTING RACIAL AND ETHNIC DIVERSITY IN HEALTH PROFESSIONS TRAINING PROGRAMS?
Presentation—Community Benefit: Policies, Practices, and Potential Application to Health Professions Education
Dr. Kevin Barnett
Public Health Institute
Dr. Paul Hattis
Tufts University
Panel Discussion
Dr. JudyAnn Bigby
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School
Dr. Bradford Gray
New York Academy of Medicine
Dr. William Vega
UMDNJ–Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
4:15 p.m.
ADJOURN
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BOX A-3
Public Workshop IOM Committee on Institutional and Policy-Level Strategies for Increasing the Diversity of the U.S. Health Care Workforce
Monday, June 30, 2003
The National Academies, 2101 Constitution Avenue, NW, Room 150
AGENDA
9:00 a.m.
WELCOME AND INTRODUCTIONS
Lonnie R. Bristow, M.D.
Chair, Committee on Institutional and Policy-Level Strategies for Increasing the Diversity of the Health Care Workforce
9:15 a.m.
WORKSHOP—WHAT IS THE ROLE OF INSTITUTIONAL CLIMATE IN PROMOTING RACIAL AND ETHNIC DIVERSITY IN HEALTH PROFESSIONS TRAINING PROGRAMS?
Enacting Diversity on Campus: A Framework for Conceptualizing and Assessing the Campus Racial Climate
Jeffery F. Milem, Ph.D.
Associate Professor
Department of Education Policy and Leadership
University of Maryland
and
Eric L. Dey, Ph.D.
Associate Professor
Center for the Study of Higher and Postsecondary Education
University of Michigan School of Education
Efforts to Retain Ethnic Minority Health Professions
Students
Michael Rainey, Ph.D.
Associate Dean for Academic Advisement
Stony Brook University School of Medicine
Efforts to Recruit and Retain Ethnic Minority Faculty
Daryl G. Smith, Ph.D.
Professor of Education and Psychology
School of Educational Studies
Claremont Graduate University
Efforts to Recruit and Retain Ethnic Minority Faculty—ACE Perspective
William B. Harvey, Ed.D.
Vice President and Director
Office of Minorities in Higher Education
American Council on Education
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12:00 p.m.
LUNCH SERVED IN MEETING ROOM
1:00 p.m.
WORKSHOP—WHAT IS THE ROLE OF FINANCING OF HEALTH PROFESSIONS TRAINING IN PROMOTING RACIAL AND ETHNIC DIVERSITY IN HEALTH PROFESSIONS TRAINING PROGRAMS?
Federal and Nonfederal Sources of Financial Assistance for Health Professions Students
Karen Matherlee
Consultant to the Study Committee
President, KRM Policy
Bureau of Health Professions Programs That Address Financial Barriers
Henry Lopez, Jr.
Director, Division of Health Careers Diversity and Development
Bureau of Health Professions, Health Resources and Services
Administration
Potential of Two Colorado Programs to Increase Access to and Interest in Dental Careers Among Underrepresented Students
Howard Landesman, D.D.S., M.Ed.
Dean, School of Dentistry
University of Colorado Health Science Center
3:30 p.m.
ADJOURN
Representative terms from entire chapter:
professions training