Scientists, Engineers, and Track-Two Diplomacy: A Half-Century of U.S.-Russian Interacademy Cooperation

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Scientists, Engineers, and Track-Two Diplomacy: A Half-Century of U.S.-Russian Interacademy Cooperation (2004)

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Schweitzer, Glenn E.. "Appendix J: Personal Trends in the Russian Academy of Sciences." Scientists, Engineers, and Track-Two Diplomacy: A Half-Century of U.S.-Russian Interacademy Cooperation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2004.

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Scientists, Engineers, and Track-Two Diplomacy: A Half-Century of U.S.-Russian Interacademy Cooperation

Pay Levels Compared with Those of Other Sectors (academy is 100)

	1991	2000
Other scientific institutions	110	120
Industry	210	125
Construction	240	160
Overall economy	175	100

Use of Budgetary Resources

Fundamental research	73.8%
Applied research	14.2%
Development	12.0%

Source: Rossiskaya Akademiya Nauk 1991–2001 (2002).

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134

Front Matter (R1-R20)

1. U.S.-soviet Scientific Cooperation in the Age of Confrontation (1-14)

2. Perestroika and Expansion of Scientific Cooperation (15-29)

3. Emergence of the New Russia: High Expectations, Harsh Realities, and the Path Ahead (30-40)

4. National Security Issues and a Wider Agenda for Cooperation (41-62)

5. Supporting Innovation: From Basic Research to Payment for Sales (63-80)

6. Lessons Learned and the Future of the Interacademy Program (81-95)

Epilogue (96-98)

Appendix A: Highlights of Early U.S.-Soviet Relations (1725-1957) (99-103)

Appendix B: Agreement of the Exchange of Scientists between the National Academy of Sciences of the USA and the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1959) (104-113)

Appendix C: Agreement on Cooperation in Science, Engineering, and Health between the U.S. National Academies and the Russian Academy of Sciences (2002) (114-116)

Appendix D: Agreement for Scientifc Cooperation between the Institute of Medicine of the USA and the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR (1988) (117-121)

Appendix E: Joint Statement by the Presidents of the U.S. National Academies and the Russian Academy of Sciences [on Preventing and Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and Nuclear Material], February 22, 2002 (122-124)

Appendix F: Annex 2 to the Agreement on Cooperation in Science, Engineering, and Health between the U.S. National Academies and the Russian Academy of Sciences (2002) (125-126)

Appendix G: Joint Statement by the Presidents of the U.S. National Academies and the Russian Academy of Sciences [ on the Development of Knowledge-Based Economics], February 22, 2002 (127-128)

Appendix H: Cooperation Between U.S. and Russian Academies Encourages Russian Investments in Innoative Research (129-130)

Appendix I: Innovation in the Russian Federation (2001) (131-132)

Appendix J: Personal Trends in the Russian Academy of Sciences (133-134)

Appendix K: Innovation Projects of National Significance (135-136)

Appendix L: The Threats to Russia (View of the Ministry for Emergency Situations) (137-138)

References (139-146)