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This booklet is based on the Space Studies Board report New Fror~hers ir' the Solar System: Ar' Ir~tegra ted
Exploratior' Strategy (available online at ~.
Details about obtaining copies of the full report, together with more information about the Space
Studies Board and its activities, can be found at .
New Frontiers ir' the Solar System was authored by the Solar System Exploration Survey.
SOLAR SYSTEM EXPLORATION SURVEY
MICHAEL l.S. BELTON, Belton Space Exploration Initiatives, Chair
CAROLYN PORCO, Space Science Institute, Vice Chair
MICHAEL A'HEARN, University of Maryland
lOSEPH A. BURNS, Cornell University
RONALD GREELEY, Arizona State University
NAMES W. HEAD III, Brown University
WESLEY T. HUNTRESS, fR., Carnegie Institution of Washington
ANDREW INGERSOLL, California Institute of Technology
DAVID lEWITT, University of Hawaii
fOHN F. MUSTARD, Brown University
ANDREW NAGY, University of Michigan
DIMITRI A. PAPANASTASSIOU, let Propulsion Laboratory
ROBERT T. PAPPALARDO, University of Colorado
MITCHELL SOGIN, Marine Biological Laboratory
THOMAS YOUNG, Lockheed Martin Corporation (retired)
The Space Studies Board is a unit of the National Research Council of the National Academies,
which serve as independent advisers to the nation on science, engineering, and medicine.
Support for this publication was provided by the The Presidents' Circle Communication Initiative
of the National Academies.
The Space Studies Board acknowledges Brian Dewhurst, Bethany Ehlmann, and David H. Smith for
drafting the text of this booklet.
Cover design by Penny Margolskee; booklet design by Anne Rogers.
Copyright 2003 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America
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Contents
Europa Geophysical Explorer
Mars Sample Return and Precursor Missions
Kuiper Belt-Pluto Explorer
South Pole-Aitien Basin Sample Return
Jupiter Polar Orbiter with Probes
Venus In Situ Explorer
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Comet Surface Sample Return
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Large Synoptic Survey Telescope
Missions Recommended by the SSE Survey
Other Mission Concepts with Future Potential
Future Mars Missions
Final Thoughts
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6
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25
26
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A montage of some of the diverse planetary bodies explored by spacecraft in the last 40 years.