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Suggested Citation:"Part 4: Organizational Resources." Institute of Medicine. 1988. Medical Technology Assessment Directory: A Pilot Reference to Organizations, Assessments, and Information Resources. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1090.
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Suggested Citation:"Part 4: Organizational Resources." Institute of Medicine. 1988. Medical Technology Assessment Directory: A Pilot Reference to Organizations, Assessments, and Information Resources. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1090.
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Suggested Citation:"Part 4: Organizational Resources." Institute of Medicine. 1988. Medical Technology Assessment Directory: A Pilot Reference to Organizations, Assessments, and Information Resources. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1090.
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Suggested Citation:"Part 4: Organizational Resources." Institute of Medicine. 1988. Medical Technology Assessment Directory: A Pilot Reference to Organizations, Assessments, and Information Resources. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1090.
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Suggested Citation:"Part 4: Organizational Resources." Institute of Medicine. 1988. Medical Technology Assessment Directory: A Pilot Reference to Organizations, Assessments, and Information Resources. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1090.
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Suggested Citation:"Part 4: Organizational Resources." Institute of Medicine. 1988. Medical Technology Assessment Directory: A Pilot Reference to Organizations, Assessments, and Information Resources. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1090.
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Suggested Citation:"Part 4: Organizational Resources." Institute of Medicine. 1988. Medical Technology Assessment Directory: A Pilot Reference to Organizations, Assessments, and Information Resources. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1090.
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Suggested Citation:"Part 4: Organizational Resources." Institute of Medicine. 1988. Medical Technology Assessment Directory: A Pilot Reference to Organizations, Assessments, and Information Resources. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1090.
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Suggested Citation:"Part 4: Organizational Resources." Institute of Medicine. 1988. Medical Technology Assessment Directory: A Pilot Reference to Organizations, Assessments, and Information Resources. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1090.
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Suggested Citation:"Part 4: Organizational Resources." Institute of Medicine. 1988. Medical Technology Assessment Directory: A Pilot Reference to Organizations, Assessments, and Information Resources. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1090.
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Suggested Citation:"Part 4: Organizational Resources." Institute of Medicine. 1988. Medical Technology Assessment Directory: A Pilot Reference to Organizations, Assessments, and Information Resources. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1090.
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Suggested Citation:"Part 4: Organizational Resources." Institute of Medicine. 1988. Medical Technology Assessment Directory: A Pilot Reference to Organizations, Assessments, and Information Resources. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1090.
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Suggested Citation:"Part 4: Organizational Resources." Institute of Medicine. 1988. Medical Technology Assessment Directory: A Pilot Reference to Organizations, Assessments, and Information Resources. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1090.
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Suggested Citation:"Part 4: Organizational Resources." Institute of Medicine. 1988. Medical Technology Assessment Directory: A Pilot Reference to Organizations, Assessments, and Information Resources. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1090.
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Suggested Citation:"Part 4: Organizational Resources." Institute of Medicine. 1988. Medical Technology Assessment Directory: A Pilot Reference to Organizations, Assessments, and Information Resources. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1090.
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Suggested Citation:"Part 4: Organizational Resources." Institute of Medicine. 1988. Medical Technology Assessment Directory: A Pilot Reference to Organizations, Assessments, and Information Resources. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1090.
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Suggested Citation:"Part 4: Organizational Resources." Institute of Medicine. 1988. Medical Technology Assessment Directory: A Pilot Reference to Organizations, Assessments, and Information Resources. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1090.
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Suggested Citation:"Part 4: Organizational Resources." Institute of Medicine. 1988. Medical Technology Assessment Directory: A Pilot Reference to Organizations, Assessments, and Information Resources. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1090.
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Suggested Citation:"Part 4: Organizational Resources." Institute of Medicine. 1988. Medical Technology Assessment Directory: A Pilot Reference to Organizations, Assessments, and Information Resources. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1090.
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Suggested Citation:"Part 4: Organizational Resources." Institute of Medicine. 1988. Medical Technology Assessment Directory: A Pilot Reference to Organizations, Assessments, and Information Resources. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1090.
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Suggested Citation:"Part 4: Organizational Resources." Institute of Medicine. 1988. Medical Technology Assessment Directory: A Pilot Reference to Organizations, Assessments, and Information Resources. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1090.
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Suggested Citation:"Part 4: Organizational Resources." Institute of Medicine. 1988. Medical Technology Assessment Directory: A Pilot Reference to Organizations, Assessments, and Information Resources. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1090.
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Suggested Citation:"Part 4: Organizational Resources." Institute of Medicine. 1988. Medical Technology Assessment Directory: A Pilot Reference to Organizations, Assessments, and Information Resources. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1090.
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Suggested Citation:"Part 4: Organizational Resources." Institute of Medicine. 1988. Medical Technology Assessment Directory: A Pilot Reference to Organizations, Assessments, and Information Resources. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1090.
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Suggested Citation:"Part 4: Organizational Resources." Institute of Medicine. 1988. Medical Technology Assessment Directory: A Pilot Reference to Organizations, Assessments, and Information Resources. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1090.
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Suggested Citation:"Part 4: Organizational Resources." Institute of Medicine. 1988. Medical Technology Assessment Directory: A Pilot Reference to Organizations, Assessments, and Information Resources. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1090.
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Suggested Citation:"Part 4: Organizational Resources." Institute of Medicine. 1988. Medical Technology Assessment Directory: A Pilot Reference to Organizations, Assessments, and Information Resources. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1090.
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Suggested Citation:"Part 4: Organizational Resources." Institute of Medicine. 1988. Medical Technology Assessment Directory: A Pilot Reference to Organizations, Assessments, and Information Resources. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1090.
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Suggested Citation:"Part 4: Organizational Resources." Institute of Medicine. 1988. Medical Technology Assessment Directory: A Pilot Reference to Organizations, Assessments, and Information Resources. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1090.
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Suggested Citation:"Part 4: Organizational Resources." Institute of Medicine. 1988. Medical Technology Assessment Directory: A Pilot Reference to Organizations, Assessments, and Information Resources. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1090.
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Suggested Citation:"Part 4: Organizational Resources." Institute of Medicine. 1988. Medical Technology Assessment Directory: A Pilot Reference to Organizations, Assessments, and Information Resources. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1090.
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Suggested Citation:"Part 4: Organizational Resources." Institute of Medicine. 1988. Medical Technology Assessment Directory: A Pilot Reference to Organizations, Assessments, and Information Resources. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1090.
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Suggested Citation:"Part 4: Organizational Resources." Institute of Medicine. 1988. Medical Technology Assessment Directory: A Pilot Reference to Organizations, Assessments, and Information Resources. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1090.
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Suggested Citation:"Part 4: Organizational Resources." Institute of Medicine. 1988. Medical Technology Assessment Directory: A Pilot Reference to Organizations, Assessments, and Information Resources. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1090.
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Suggested Citation:"Part 4: Organizational Resources." Institute of Medicine. 1988. Medical Technology Assessment Directory: A Pilot Reference to Organizations, Assessments, and Information Resources. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1090.
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Suggested Citation:"Part 4: Organizational Resources." Institute of Medicine. 1988. Medical Technology Assessment Directory: A Pilot Reference to Organizations, Assessments, and Information Resources. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1090.
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Suggested Citation:"Part 4: Organizational Resources." Institute of Medicine. 1988. Medical Technology Assessment Directory: A Pilot Reference to Organizations, Assessments, and Information Resources. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1090.
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Suggested Citation:"Part 4: Organizational Resources." Institute of Medicine. 1988. Medical Technology Assessment Directory: A Pilot Reference to Organizations, Assessments, and Information Resources. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1090.
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Suggested Citation:"Part 4: Organizational Resources." Institute of Medicine. 1988. Medical Technology Assessment Directory: A Pilot Reference to Organizations, Assessments, and Information Resources. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1090.
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Suggested Citation:"Part 4: Organizational Resources." Institute of Medicine. 1988. Medical Technology Assessment Directory: A Pilot Reference to Organizations, Assessments, and Information Resources. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1090.
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Suggested Citation:"Part 4: Organizational Resources." Institute of Medicine. 1988. Medical Technology Assessment Directory: A Pilot Reference to Organizations, Assessments, and Information Resources. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1090.
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Suggested Citation:"Part 4: Organizational Resources." Institute of Medicine. 1988. Medical Technology Assessment Directory: A Pilot Reference to Organizations, Assessments, and Information Resources. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1090.
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Suggested Citation:"Part 4: Organizational Resources." Institute of Medicine. 1988. Medical Technology Assessment Directory: A Pilot Reference to Organizations, Assessments, and Information Resources. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1090.
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Suggested Citation:"Part 4: Organizational Resources." Institute of Medicine. 1988. Medical Technology Assessment Directory: A Pilot Reference to Organizations, Assessments, and Information Resources. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1090.
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Suggested Citation:"Part 4: Organizational Resources." Institute of Medicine. 1988. Medical Technology Assessment Directory: A Pilot Reference to Organizations, Assessments, and Information Resources. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1090.
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Suggested Citation:"Part 4: Organizational Resources." Institute of Medicine. 1988. Medical Technology Assessment Directory: A Pilot Reference to Organizations, Assessments, and Information Resources. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1090.
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Suggested Citation:"Part 4: Organizational Resources." Institute of Medicine. 1988. Medical Technology Assessment Directory: A Pilot Reference to Organizations, Assessments, and Information Resources. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1090.
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Suggested Citation:"Part 4: Organizational Resources." Institute of Medicine. 1988. Medical Technology Assessment Directory: A Pilot Reference to Organizations, Assessments, and Information Resources. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1090.
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Suggested Citation:"Part 4: Organizational Resources." Institute of Medicine. 1988. Medical Technology Assessment Directory: A Pilot Reference to Organizations, Assessments, and Information Resources. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1090.
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Suggested Citation:"Part 4: Organizational Resources." Institute of Medicine. 1988. Medical Technology Assessment Directory: A Pilot Reference to Organizations, Assessments, and Information Resources. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1090.
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Suggested Citation:"Part 4: Organizational Resources." Institute of Medicine. 1988. Medical Technology Assessment Directory: A Pilot Reference to Organizations, Assessments, and Information Resources. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1090.
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Suggested Citation:"Part 4: Organizational Resources." Institute of Medicine. 1988. Medical Technology Assessment Directory: A Pilot Reference to Organizations, Assessments, and Information Resources. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1090.
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Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

Part 4 Organizational Resources

MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT DIRECTORY Part 4: Organizational Resources This part provides brief descriptions and contact information for 72 organizations that are active in affairs related to medical technology. Although most of these organiza- tions do not generate technology assessment reports on a regular basis, they have memberships concerned with medical technologies, conduct relevant meetings and symposiums, publish conference proceedings and other documents of note, establish standards for technologies, or are active in government, regulatory, or other policy affairs relevant to the field. The organizational descriptions are arranged alphabetically by organization name. Each includes name, address, and telephone number of the organization; contact personks), and a brief narrative description of the organization. Beginning on page 603 is a subject index for identifying organizations involved in particular areas. 556

ORGANIZATIONAL SOURCES Alliance for Engineering in Medicine ant! Biology ~101 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Suite 700 Washington, DC 20036 202-857-1 199 Contact: Patricia I. Homer, Executive Director The Alliance for Engineering in Medicine and Biology (AEMB ~ was established in 1969 in response to a recognition among engineers, physicians, and other scientists that the development of the field of biomedical engineering needed improved linkages among those in medicine. the life sciences, engineering, and the physical sciences. The alliance consists of 17 professional associations whose members are concerned with the introduction and use of advanced technology in life sciences research and in clinical practice. These associations are the: American Association for Medical Systems and Informatics, American Association of Physicists in Medicine, American College of Radiology, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, American Society for Artificial Internal Organs, American Society for Engineering Education, American Society for Hospital Engineering of the American Hospital Association, American Society for Testing and Materials, American Society of Agricultural Engineers, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, American Society of Civil Engineers, Biomedical Engineer- ing Society, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Instrument Society of America, Neuroelectric Society, RESNA Association for the Advancement of Reha- bilitation Technology, and SPIE International Society for Optical Engineering. AEMB is the U.S. affiliate to the International Federation for Medical and Biological ~ . . engineering. The alliance has conducted and participated in a number of significant programs, including an International Biomedical Engineering Workshop Series that resulted in a six-volume publication; a five-year medical ultrasound research and development agendum; a systems design for a clinical ultrasound facility; technology procurement in health care institutions; and an international technology transfer project in Cairo, Egypt, now a Middle East center for ultrasonography training and expertise. The Annual Conference on Engineering in Medicine and Biology is a major national, interdisciplinary meeting; its published proceedings are an important reference for the field. AEMB sponsors a national honor society for biomedical engineering students. 557

MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT DIRECTORY American Academy of Dermatology 1567 MaPIe Avenue PO BOX 3~16 EVanStOn, IL 60204-3 ~ ~ 6 3 12-869-3954 Contact: Raymond W. Cunningham, fir., Director, Department of Dermatologic Prac- tice The 6,700-member American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) represents most prac- ticing dermatologists in the U.S. The principle objective of the Association is the continuation of dermatologic education. AAD is committed to quality standards in continuing education and plays a role in formulating policies that can influence the quality of dermatologic care. The academy has developed programs that promote and advance the science and art of medicine and surgery related to the skin, hair and nails; promote standards in clinical practice, education and research in dermatology and related disciplines; support and enhance patient care; and promote public interest related to dermatology. AAD is interested and aware of the many technological advances that have been made in the last few years. The AAD Council on Clinical and Laboratory Services is reviewing mechanisms to allow the academy to formally assess these technologies as they relate to dermatology. New technology requiring review and comment by the academy is now referred to the appropriate council, committee or task force germane to that particular issue. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 222 South Prospect Avenue Park Ridge, IL 60068-4058 3 12-823-7 1 86 Contact: Rebecca M. Maron, Director, Department of Professional Affairs & Policy Analysis The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) is a nonprofit corporation founded in Chicago in 1933. With 12,181 members, the AAOS is the largest medical organization for musculoskeletal specialists. Members of the academy have completed up to five years of specialty study in orthopaedics in an accredited residency program, passed a comprehensive oral and written exam, and been certified by the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery. Educating its members to help assure a high level of skill and competence is the major function of the AAOS. Its educational programs include an appraisal of the effective- ness of relevant technology. Each year the academy offers more than 30 continuing medical education courses across the country. ~_ ~ A A ~ ~ _~^ ^~ The academy's annual meeting is its primary education program. It features the presentation of scientific papers, instructional courses, technical exhibits, audiovisual presentations, and symposia on a variety of topics. 558

ORGANIZATIONAL RESOURCES The 50 committees of the academy address a myriad of technical subjects, sponsor education programs, and inform the membership and the public about the latest developments within orthopaedics. The academy is currently involved in a pilot project to develop minimum standards for orthopaedic care; these standards may or may not ultimately include technology assessments. American Acaclemy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery ~ 101 Vermont Avenue, NW, Suite 302 Washington, DC 20005-3521 202-289-4607 Contact: Jerome C. Goldstein, M.D., Executive Vice President The American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) is a nonprofit medical association that provides governmental and socioeconomic support for otolaryngologists. It is intended to advance the science and art of medicine related to otolaryngology and provide educational services for the specialty. AAO-HNS con- ducts two scientific meetings per year and offers continuing education programs. AAO-HNS relates to agencies of the federal government concerning matters relevant to otolaryngology such as ambulatory surgery, thyroid surgery, drug problems, hear- ing aids and other assistive devices, Medicare and Medicaid, noise, manpower, and technology assessment. It monitors legislative and regulatory activities and has activat- ed a legislative network. Drawing from government publications and other sources, the academy keeps its members informed of advances in medical and surgical procedures, including new drug and device modalities. The academy's 50 committees are involved with medical and surgical practices and procedures. These committees generate voluntary standards of care and develop policy statements. Several committees are working at developing guidelines for instru- ments, diagnostic tools and medical and surgical devices. One committee is concerned with safety standards for the use of lasers in surgery. The Hearing and Equilibrium Committee keeps abreast of standards for the manufacture and development of the cochlear implants and criteria for patient selection. Members of the Committee on National and International Standards work with the American National Standards Institute and the American Society of Testing and Materials in developing standards for medical equipment and devices and other standards for health care delivery. One committee has recently been developed to produce a manual for quality assurance. American Acaclemy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 122 South Michigan Avenue, Suite 1300 Chicago, IL 60603-6 ~ 07 312-922-9366 Contact: Ike A. Mayeda, Executive Director Founded in 1938, the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (AAPMR) is the national organization for physicians who have been certified through examination as specialists in physical medicine and rehabilitation by the American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. This specialty focuses on patients who are disabled and whose functional abilities have been impaired to varying degrees. 559

MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT DIRECTORY These include disabilities and impairments from strokes, cerebral palsy or other birth defects; arthritis, cardiac disease, pulmonary disease, or from other paralyses; and . . . 1ngurles. The academy is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Edu- cation to sponsor CME programs, publishes study guides in nine areas related to physical medicine and rehabilitation, provides a self-assessment program for residents and practicing physicians to assess their knowledge, and works with other or~aniznrion.s in maintaining and improving educational standards for the profession. The AAPMR Medical Practice Committee has various subcommittees for quality assur- ance and health care financing, facility standards, assessment of diagnostic and thera- peutic modalities and devices. Other major activities include publication of the monthly journal Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, annual meeting, and tracking legislative development and issues in physician medicine and rehabilitation practice, education and research. ~_ American Association of BloocI Banks Ill7 North 19th Street,Suite 600 Arlington, VA 22209 703-528-8200 Contact: Jackie Campbell, Director of Communications The American Association of Blood Banks (AABB) is a nonprofit professional, scien- tific and administrative association for individuals and institutions engaged in blood banking and transfusion medicine. The 7,000 individual members are physicians, medical technologists, nurses, administrators, donor recruiters, and others involved in blood banking. Institutional members are 2,400 community and hospital blood banks and hospital transfusion services that are responsible for collecting nearly half, and transfusing 80 percent, of the nation's blood supply. AABB supports making available for patients a safe, adequate, economical and volun- tary supply of blood and components; to encourage the voluntary donation of blood and other tissues and organs; to foster scientific investigation, clinical application, education and exchange of ideas; to encourage, advance and certify high standards of administrative and technical performance; to function as a clearinghouse for the exchange of blood and blood credits nationwide; and to plan for cooperation in times of disaster. The AABB Committee on Standards sets standards for practice used world-wide in blood banks and transfusion services. The inspection and accreditation program strives to improve the safety and quality of transfusions and assists in determining whether methods, procedures and personnel meet established standards. AABB reference laboratories provide exchange of information and consultation on rare blood group antibodies and other advanced technical and scientific problems. The parentage testing program provides for accreditation in parentage testing and monitors advancements in the field. The autologous transfusion information file assists in planning programs and monitoring new techniques. AABB's annual meeting highlights new research and technology in the fields of blood banking, transfusion medicine, hematology, immuno- hematology and tissue/organ transplantation. AABB publishes several new books year- ly on issues of significance in blood banking. . . 560

ORGANIZATIONAL SOURCES American Association for Medical Systems and ~x~fonnatics ~ ~ O ~ Connecticut Avenue, NW, Suite 700 Washington, DC 20036 202-857- 1 1 89 Contact: Patricia I. Homer, Executive Director The American Association for Medical Systems and Informatics (AAMSI) is a national professional medical society incorporated in 1981 in a merger of the Society for Computer Medicine and the Society for Advanced Medical Systems. In AAMSI, exper- tise is shared to ensure continued flow of information, research and education in the health care field. Members are entitled to join one of 14 professional specialty groups that provide the opportunity to contribute, obtain, and exchange information about their professional areas of health care. AAMSI conducts its annual congress on the west coast each spring and a conference on the east coast in the fall. These meetings provide forums for sharing and teaching current developments and implementation of systems for health care and medical informatics in support of patient care, research and health adminis- trat~on. AAMSI's two bimonthly journals are Computers and Biomedical Research and M.D. Com- puting. AAMSI makes available proceedings of the annual congress, a Mental Health Systems Software Directory, and a Directory of Publications in Health Systems and Inform~atics. American Association of Tissue Banks ~ ~ 17 North 19th Street, Suite 402 Arlirlgton, Virginia 22209 703-528-0663 Contract: Jeanne C. Mowe, Executive Director The American Association of Tissue Banks (AATB) is a nonprofit organization found- ed in 1976 in response to increased need for transplantable tissues. AATB has two principal goals: to establish standards for the collection, preservation, and distribution of tissues leading to the development of inspection and accreditation mechanisms for tissue collecting organizations, and to improve the efficiency of tissue banking by encouraging the development of regional tissue banks that collect and distribute a variety of tissues of high quality with maximum economy. AATB is structured into councils in five areas: musculoskeletal, ocular, reproductive, skin, and tissue bank. Each council is responsible for development of guidelines and standards, and for scientific programs. In September 1984, the association published standards for tissue banking. Each of the councils has formulated, for its respective type of tissue, procedures for donor selection, retrieval procedures, maintenance of asepsis, storage conditions, quality control and record keeping. Based on these standards and procedures, AATB has developed a program of inspection and accreditation for organizations that retrieve, bank, and distribute tissues. AATB acts as an information center regarding tissue retrieval and processing activities in the U.S. AATB collects and disseminates information regarding tissue banking and undertakes promotional and educational programs for stimulating tissue donation and encouraging efficiency of tissue banking. A program for training and certification of tissue bank personnel is currently under development. 561

MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT DIRECTORY American College of Emergency Physicians 1125 EXeCUtiVe Circle Irving, TX 75038-2522 2 14-550-09 1 1 Contact: Colin C. Rorrie, fir., Ph.D., Executive Director The American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) is a nonprofit professional medical association founded in 1968 to facilitate the exchange of information among . . . . P nyslclans practicing emergency medicine. The college has more than 11,000 mem- bers, and is dedicated to the education and professional growth of emergency physi- cians and to the improvement of patient care. ACEP conducts continuing medical education programs on clinical and non-clinical subjects through meetings, workshops, seminars, publications, cassettes, and courses. It provides such member services as monitoring federal legislation and regulations, programs related to pre-hospital emergency care, assistance to its state chapters, and liaison programs with government, third-party carriers, other medical associations, and various scientific and research organizations. Although the college does not conduct technology assessment, the annual ACEP scientific meeting features more than 200 scientific and commercial exhibits. Technical information is sometimes addressed in articles in Annals of Emergency Medicine, the college's monthly clinical and scientificjournal. For example, the journal has published articles on the effectiveness of different types of cervical immobilization collars and scientific studies comparing different techniques of drug administration. American College of Gastroenterology 13 Elm Street Manchester, ME 0 ~ 944 6 1 7-927-8330 Contact: Thomas F. Fise, Executive Director The American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) is an international nonprofit orga- nization of over 2,000 members dedicated to serving the clinically oriented gastroenter- ologist. It is composed of gastroenterologists, surgeons, radiologists, hepatologists, pediatricians, and other physicians sharing an interest in the care of patients with digestive disease. ACG's purposes include promoting and advancing gastroenterology and allied subjects in medical schools and hospitals, and maintaining and promoting standards in medical education, practice, and research in gastroenterology. ACG en- deavors to provide public education regarding digestive disease and develop and implement health care standards at the national and local level. ACG is committed to clinical research and provides conceptual and financial support for investigative studies. Efforts in the area of technology assessment fall within the purview of the Committee on Research, which numbers 10 physicians engaged in teaching and patient care programs at major academic institutions and hospitals. Through this committee, competitive grants are awarded annually. In addition, nation- al clinical research projects are supported through awards granted by the ACG board. The results of these and other ACG sponsored projects are presented at the national and local meetings. The emphasis on clinical relevance provides is intended to keep the 562

ORGANIZATIONAL SOURCES practitioner abreast of trends in diagnosis and treatment modalities in gastroenterol- ogy, and serves to encourage clinical researcher-investigators by providing a forum for their work. Most recently ACG has provided grants in support of selected research programs on Barrett's esophagus and colon polyps. ACG provides a broad spectrum of educational programs through meetings and courses with CME accreditation. Its annual meeting includes sessions, poster sessions, and symposia, and is held in conjunction with a postgraduate course and a large commercial exhibit covering the latest in gastrointestinal technology, therapy and literature. ACG also sponsors regional meetings. American College of Nuclear Physicians ~ ~ O ~ Connecticut Avenue, NW, Suite 700 Washington, DC 20036 202-857- 1 1 35 Contact: Carol A. Lively, Executive Director The American College of Nuclear Physicians (ACNP) represents over 1,200 physicians and scientists engaged in the practice or development of nuclear medicine. In support of the development and implementation of new and improved medical technology in the field of nuclear medicine, the college promotes funding for research and develop- ment, and works with federal agencies in addressing regulatory issues inherent in bringing nuclear medicine materials and instrumentation safely and efficiently to market and to medical practice and research. The college's standing committees on nuclear medicine science, radiopharmaceuticals, and standardization of nuclear medicine instrumentation provide forums in which members can monitor and have input into the development of nuclear medicine technology. As the need arises, the college establishes ad hoc task forces to address specific issues relevant to certain nuclear medicine technologies. For example, college members have participated in a joint task force with the Society of Nuclear Medicine to develop a comprehensive paper on the clinical utility of positron emission tomography, for purposes of recommending reimbursement under Medicare. college members have also promoted reimbursement for the use of dual photon absorptiometry in the diagnosis and monitoring of treatment of osteoporosis. American College of Preventive Medicine 1015 Fifteenth Street, NW, Suite 403 Washington, DC 20005 202-789-0003 Contact: William M. Kane, Ph.D., Executive Director The American College of Preventive Medicine (ACPM), established in 1954, is a society of physician specialists whose mission is to foster the professional standards, provide for scholarly exchanges, promote prevention-oriented medical care and research, and give national leadership in enhancing public awareness of benefits of health promotion, risk reduction and disease prevention. 563

MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT DIRECTORY Although the college does not engage directly in technology assessment, it has partici- pated in the technology assessment activities of the American Medical Association and those conducted by the Council of Medical Specialty Societies. The college has identi- fied a number of members with expertise in specific areas to work with both the AMA and CMSS. When issues related to preventive medicine procedures and technologies arise, the AMA and the CMSS refer these questions to selected ACPM members. In addition, the college has cooperated with the congressional Office of Technology Assessment. American Council on Transplantation 700 North Fairfax Street Suite 505 Alexanctria, VA 22314-2040 703-836-4301 Contact: Nancy R. Holland, Executive Director The American Council on Transplantation (ACT) was established in 1983 as a non- profit, national federation to bring together organizations and individuals to improve the donation and delivery of organs and tissue transplantation. The council has over 800 organizational and individual members. ACT provides a national public policy forum to address and seek consensus on social, psychological, ethical, and economic issues involved in organ and tissue recovery and transplantation. It provides the opportunity for individuals and organizations con- cerned with organ and tissue transplantation to have an active voice in the discussion and formulation of public policy regarding transplantation. Among its activities, ACT encourages the availability of immunosuppressive drubs for ~- ~ 1 1 ~ patients on an outpatient basis; promotes the establishment of scientific registries for transplant recipients for ongoing scientific and clinical evaluations; promotes a national task force to evaluate the medical, ethical, legal, and economic and social issues of transplantation and to make recommendations for improvements; encourages the passage of require-request legislation; supports Medicare coverage of heart transplan- tation; and supports in principle the federal task force on organ transplantation. Major avenues through which ACT's missions and objectives are carried out are its four forums on: organ retrieval and networking, patient and family issues, professional education, and public education. The council publishes the bimonthly newsletter Transplant Action, which serves as the primary means of communicating with ACT membership. ACT holds annual meet- ings. The council responds to thousands of requests for information annually, which are made primarily through ACT's toll free number (1-800-ACT-GIVE). American Geriatrics Society 770 Lexington Avenue, Suite 400 New York, NY 10021 212-308-1414 Contact: Carol S. Goodwin, Director of Executive Affairs 564

ORGANIZATIONAL SOURCES The American Geriatrics Society (AGS) is a nonprofit professional medical society founded in 1942 that attempts to provide optimal health care for the elderly through programs relating to graduate medical education, fellowship training, continuing med- ical education, and research and its practical applications. In addition, the society is active in issues related to long term care health policy and ethical problems in terminal care. The society's goals are defined by the health and social problems of the elderly. The AGS is active in technology assessment through the following programs and . . . activities. ~A · Publication of clinical investigations relating to technologies in the care of the elderly in the society's peer-reviewed journal of the American Geriatrics Society. · Preparation of an amicus brief relating to ethical problems in tube feeding of individu . . a s In vegetative states. · A project on clinical decision-making in catastrophic situations, including issues relat- ing to ICU care. · Preparation of material for the congressional Office of Technology Assessment con- cerning technologies in health care as related to the elderly. · Preparation of policy statements on various issues in technologies in health care. such as drugs and devices. ~- , · A summer research institute, sponsored jointly with the National Institute on Aging, intended to stimulate interest in careers in aging research. The AGS conducts an annual scientific meeting on broad issues in the health care of the elderly, which includes presentations on new and established technologies and ad- vances in all clinical fields concerned with geriatric care. American Healthcare Institute 1919 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Suite 703 Washington, DC 20006 202-293-2840 Contact: Merlin K. DuVal, M.D., President The American Healthcare Institute (AHI) is a nonprofit organization that represents interests of its 31 members, each of which is a large, vertically integrated, nonprofit, multi-hospital system. Its constituent institutions number approximately 1,300 located in 44 states. The institute conducts an annual governance education conference for its members' trustees and corporate officers; sponsors research into the profiles and operation of multi-hospital systems; develops health policies supportive of develop- ment and growth of multi-hospital systems and the operation of not-for-profit hospitals generally; and promotes the implementation of those policies. American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine 4405 East-West Highway, Suite 504 Bethesda, MD 20814 30 1-656-61 17 Contact: fames S. Packer, Ph.D., Executive Director 565

MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT DIRECTORY The American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (AIUM) is a nonprofit medical society founded over 30 years ago to advance the art and science of ultrasonics in medicine and research. AIUM's membership of over 7,000 consists of physicians, scientists, engineers and sonographers as well as technicians, manufacturers, manufac- turers' representatives and medical students. In addition to its annual convention featuring scientific sessions, educational courses, and exhibits, the AIUM makes avail- able a variety of publications and videotapes on relevant ultrasound topics. The AIUM Standards Committee and Manufacturers Commendation Committee are directly involved in activities related to technology assessment. The Standards Commit- tee is responsible for developing standardized approaches to instrument performance measurements as well as presentation and labeling, phantoms, and nomenclature. The committee reviews documents, manuals, and standards produced by other organiza- tions, government bodies, and individuals, especially as these documents relate to the physics, engineering, performance testing and clinical use of ultrasound equipment. The Manufacturers Commendation Committee encourages manufacturers to make data on ultrasonic intensities and other parameters of their systems readily available to users by awarding certificates of commendation to manufacturers meeting the appro- priate requirements. The requirements for commendation are based upon the guide- lines established by a joint task force on standards sponsored by the AIUM and the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA). In addition to these activities, the AIUM maintains liaison with other organizations developing standards for ultrasound equipment, including NEMA, International Elec- trochemical Commission, Acoustical Society of America and the Food and Drug Ad . . . ministration. American Medical Care and Review Association 5410 Grosvenor Lane, Suite 210 Bethesda, MD 20814 301-493-9552 Contact: Charles Stellar, Director, Medical Issues The American Medical Care and Review Association (AMCRA, formerly the American Association of Foundations for Medical Care) was founded in 1971. It is a national organization representing more than 600 individual practice associations (IPAs), IPA- -type health maintenance organizations (HMOs), preferred provider organizations (PPOs), foundations for medical care (FMCs), peer review organizations (PROs), and other medical plans. AMCRA member plans work with industry, labor, insurance, and other organizations to develop and offer competitive health programs to emphasize quality of care and cost-effectiveness through utilization review programs. AMCRA provides to its members a variety of educational programs, including those on data systems for claims processing, physician reimbursement, etc.; utilization review seminars; and medical issues meetings. Publications include an AMCRA newsletter and a PPO newsletter, and various bulletins, special surveys, and reports. Reports have covered such subjects as management information systems, drug and other ancillary coverages, marketing techniques, capital formation, premium comparisons, and rein- surance trends. AMCRA has a directory of PPOs and HMOs. 566

ORGANIZATIONAL SOURCES AMCRA cosponsors with the Group Health Association of America a National Com- mittee for Quality Assurance, composed of lIMO clinicians, that does quality assurance review under state and federal contracts. AMCRA is involved in monitoring, evaluat- ing, and offering suggestions to federal and state policy makers and regulatory agen- cies. AMCRA's nonprofit affiliate foundation, The AMCRA Foundation, is chartered to accept donations, initiate and manage research, and provide information to the HMO and PPO industry. It is sponsoring a patterns of treatment project involving peer review development of guidelines for 50 to 100 most common medical procedures to simplify claims management and to address outlier cases for peer review entities. American Medical Peer Review Association 440 First Street NW, Suite 510 Washington, DC 20001 202-628- 1853 Contact: Andrew Webber, Executive Vice President The American Medical Peer Review Association (AMPRA) is an educational, nonprofit organization of parties interested in quality assurance and utilization review. The purposes of AMPRA are to improve the ability of its members to assess the quality of medical care services through the exchange of ideas, techniques and information; and assist in the development of methods for the monitoring of the appropriateness of medical care. The institutional members of AMPRA are physician-directed organizations perform- ing medical review services in the public and private sectors. Included in the AMPRA membership are the federally designated peer review organizations (PROs). The num- ber of these organizations is increasing with the demand for cost-effective review programs from major purchasers of medical care in government, business, labor, and the insurance industry. AMPRA functions as an advocate for physician directed medi- cal review services, acts as a liaison for government, private industry, consumer, and health care organizations; and serves as an information clearinghouse for organizations and individuals with an interest in the field. In response to the need for standards for review of quality care, AMPRA acts as a clearinghouse for collecting and disseminating review criteria that will provide review groups with the tools to analyze and measure health care delivery performance. This effort is fostered through the conduct of regional conferences and the work of the AMPRA Quality Assurance and Data Committees. American Medical Review Research Center 440 First Street, NW, Suite 510 Washington, DC 20001 202-639-86 14 Contact: Carole }. Magoff~n, M.S., Executive Director 567

MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT DIRECTORY The American Medical Review Research Center (AMRRC) is a nonprofit organization founded in 1985 by medical quality and utilization review physicians and professionals. AMRRC's central objective is to develop physician leadership and the tools to analyze medical practice patterns relative to their implications for quality medical care. ., AMRRC seeks to provide a link between the research investigation of the development of quality evaluation methods and their application in quality-monitoring operational settings. AMRRC encourages provision of state-of-the-art information on current and developing quality review programs in all settings. AMRRC's primary constituency includes peer review quality monitoring and educa A ~J A 1 J ~ tonal organizations as well as quality assurance researchers and professionals in all settings. AMRRC facilitates ohvsicians Deer review involvement in academic research and development activities designed to improve the efficacy of physician quality moni- tor~ng programs. . AMRRC is interested in areawide, regional and national comparisons that yield medical practice variation data on quality patient outcomes. AMRRC and four peer review organizations are collaborating with George Washington University Medical Center on a project to develop quality measures for intensive care unit services. AMRRC has initiated a peer review outcome data project to aid peer review organizations in analyzing and responding to hospital-specific outcome data released by the Health Care Financing Administration. AMRRC publishes the newsletter Qualify Review News. American National Standards Institute 1430 BrOa6WaY NeW York, NY ~ 00 ~ 8 2 12-354-3300 Contact: Joseph Tretler, fir., Assistant Program Administrator, Medical Devices The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) is the coordinating organization for the federated national standards system of the U.S. It is a private nonprofit organization founded in 1918 to coordinate standardization activities in the private sector. The federation consists of approximately 900 companies and 200 trade, techni- cal, professional, labor, and consumer organizations. In cooperation with its membership and through its councils, boards, and committees, ANSI coordinates the efforts of hundreds of U.S. organizations that develop consensus standards. ANSI does not develop the standards, but provides means for determining their need and ensures that appropriate organizations undertake standards develop- ment. Participating organizations submit standards to ANSI developed under their own procedures for recognition as national consensus standards, and often cooperate in the development of standards within committees that operate under ANSI proce- dures. ANSI standards deal with dimensions, ratings, terminology and symbols, test methods, and performance and safety specifications. The standards are developed and used voluntarily; they become mandatory oniv when ~rlorit`~1 or referencer1 hv ~ov`>rnment There are some 10,000 sets of ANSI standards in many fields, among them electrical and electronics, information systems, and medical devices. Major categories of ANSI standards for medical and dental material, devices, and equipment include: anesthetic equipment, dental material, health care facilities, hearing aids, instrumentation, medi 568

ORGANIZATIONAL RESOURCES cat and surgical material, nuclear medicine, ophthalmics, and radiographic film equip- ment. ANSI acts as a clearinghouse on standardization and the source of standards docu- ments, including those of the International Organization for Standardization, Interna- tional Electrotechnical Commission, and national standards bodies in other countries. ANSI makes available its own standards and those of many international standards organizations. It provides an annual catalog of ANSI standards with supplements and specialized listings, and a biweekly periodical Standards Action. American Psychiatric Association 1400 K Street, NW Washington, DC 20005 202-682-6 138 Contact: Harold A. Pincus, M.D., Director, Office of Research The American Psychiatric Association (APA) is a medical specialty society representing more than 33,000 psychiatrists nationwide. Its members share an interest in the con- tinuing study of psychiatry and in the search for more effective ways to combat mental illnesses. The association has a range of ongoing scientific assessment processes such as the development of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, as well as a task force on psychiatric treatments that is preparing a report on the utility of psychiatric treatments for specific disorders. Issues pertaining to psychiatric research and technology assessment are addressed through the APA Office of Research and its Council on Research. In addition to the task force on treatments, the council is responsible for task forces on safety and performance standards for electroconvulsive therapy devices, use of laboratory tests, long-term effects of lithium on the kidney, sudden death, tardive dyskinesia, benzodia- zepene dependency, and psychosocial treatment research. The association also publishes the American journal of Psychiatry, the journal of Hospital and Community Psychiatry, and Psychiatric News. All of these report on new developments in diagnosis and treatment and on technological development within the field. American Public Heady Association 1015 15th Street, NW Washington, DC 20005 202-789-5600 Contact: Seiko Baba Brodbeck, Associate Executive Director, Programs The American Public Health Association (APHA), founded in 1872, is a membership organization representing 50,000 health workers. APHA is the oldest and largest organization of public health professionals in the world. APHA is organized by public health discipline. Its twenty-three sections and six special primary interest groups cover such areas as maternal and child health, occupational health and safety, radiological health, medical care, injury control and emergency health services, and health law. 569

MEDICALI~CHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT DIRECTORY . APLIA draws upon its members in accomplishing certain tasks, such as the develop- ment of books, monographs and technical reports. Among these diverse activities is the development of guidelines and technical standards. Examples include the following. The Committee on Laboratory Standards and Practices has developed publications on: methods for examination of water and wastewater, laboratory methods for sexual- ly transmitted diseases, quality control for diagnostic microbiology, bacterial and viral diagnostic procedures, and quality assurance in health labs. · The Task Force on Health Care in Prisons and fails has published reports on stan- dards for health services in correctional institutions. · Program Development Board work groups have developed technical reports on the public health implications of the Bhopal disaster, and criteria for the development of health promotion and education programs. · APHA was involved in the development and promotion of guidelines for abortion services in the U.S. · APHA conducts various meetings and workshops throughout the year to address such issues as the role of nurses in meeting the health/mental health needs of the homeless. · APHA public policy statements are used as the basis of its stand on legislative, legal and regulatory issues, and may stimulate scientific inquiry. American Rheumatism Association 17 Executive Park Drive, NE, Suite 480 Atlanta, GA 30329 404-633-3777 Contact: Lynn M. Forbes, Director of Communications The American Rheumatism Association (ARA) is a 3,000-member nonprofit medical organization founded in 1934. ARA members are clinical and research professionals concerned with the prevention, treatment, and eventual cure of rheumatic diseases, and provision of optimal care. ARA seeks to provide leadership for scientific research, education, and professional care of people with rheumatic diseases. Yearly, ARA conducts a national and four regional educational symposia that present the latest research findings and clinical advances in the areas of humoral immunology, cellular immunology, inflammation, biochemistry, cartilage, molecular biology and genetics, mineral metabolism and bone, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythema- tosus, scleroderma, osteoarthritis, spondylarthropathies, other rheumatic syndromes, pediatrics, orthopedics, health services, and rehabilitative rheumatology. The Diagnostic and Therapeutic Criteria Committee of the ARA Research Council has been responsible for setting internationally accepted criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis of the knee, rheumatoid arthritis, Reiter's Syndrome, gout, and scleroderma. ARA publishes Arthritis and Rheumatism, a monthly journal of peer-reviewed articles covering all aspects of rheumatology. Other ARA publications include Guidelines for Reviewers of Rheumatic Disease Care, and the Dictionary of the Rheumatic Diseases. 57O

ORGANIZATIONAL SOURCES American Society of Anesthesiologists 515 Busse Highway Park Ridge, IL 60068 3 12-825-5586 Contact: John Andes, Executive Secretary (Park Ridge office), or G.W.N. Eggers, M.D., Vice President for Scientific Affairs, University of Missouri Medical Center, Columbia, MO 65201, 314-882-2568 Founded in 1905, the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) is an organization of 24,000 physician and scientists engaged in the field of anesthesiology. It encourages specialization in the field, seeks to raise the standards of the specialty through educa- tion, research, and scientific progress in anesthesiology, recommends standards of postgraduate education in the field, and disseminates information in regard to the field. The ASA is concerned with the safety and effectiveness of anesthetic drugs and adjunct drugs, mechanical anesthesia and ventilatory equipment, electrical and monitoring devices, and the operating room system. The ASA Section on Clinical Care addresses the anesthesia care team, acute medicine, ambulatory surgical, care, blood and blood products, equipment and standards, obstetrical anesthesia, occupational health of operating room personnel, pain therapy, pediatric anesthesia, respiratory care, and surgical anesthesia. ASA also has a Committee on Peer Review. The society has issued statements, positions, guidelines, or standards in such areas as invasive monitoring in anesthesiology, monitored anesthesia care, delineation of privi- leges, ambulatory surgical facilities, delegation of technical functions to non-physician personnel, basic intra-operative monitoring, peer review, ethical practice, critical care, regional anesthesia, organization of an anesthesia department, physician DRGs, and records to facilitate medical audit. ASA publishes the journal Anesthesiology. In addition, it makes available a monthly newsletter, manpower reports, refresher course materials, and manuals in peer review and quality assurance. . . ASA works with such organizations as the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals, American Board of Anesthesiology, American Medical Association, and American Society for Testing and Materials to maintain quality of care and training. American Society of Clinical Pathologists ~ ~ O ~ Vermont Avenue, NW, Suite 604 Washington, DC 20005 202-37 1-05 15 Contact: Robbi-Lynn Watnik, Legislative Assistant (Washington, DC office), or George F. Stevenson, M.O., Senior Vice President, 312-738-1336 The American Society of Clinical Pathologists (ASCP) is a nonprofit medical specialty society organized for educational and scientific purposes. Its membership numbers over 45,000 board-certified pathologists, other physicians, clinical scientists, and certi- fied technologists and technicians. The society is intended to be a principal source of continuing education in pathology and a leading organization for the certification of laboratory personnel. ASCP's certifying board registers over 140,000 certified labora- tory professionals annually. 57'

MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT DIRECTORY The ASCP Commission on Continuing Education, composed of about 125 scientists representing all fields of laboratory medicine, annually conducts several hundred continuing education programs, many of which include extensive sections on new developments. It has formed a New Technology Committee that includes a section on communications technology and a section on laboratory technology. At least one content expert for each emerging technology is involved in the committee. The com- mittee is considering subjects such as the CD-ROM interactive video disk, enhanced television for diagnosis of disease, flocytometry, DNA probes, and cutaneous sensor/ monitoring devices. The ASCP Research Development and Strategic Planning Com mittee may consider an enhanced technology assessment role as it reviews the goals of the ASCP. American Society of Internal Medicine 1 ~ O ~ evermore Avenue, NW, Suite 500 Washir~gtor~, DC 20005 202-289- 1 700 Contact: Robert Doherty, Vice President, Governmental Affairs and Public Policy The American Society of Internal Medicine (ASIM) represents 20,000 physicians specializing in adult medical care. ASIM is concerned with social, political, and econom- ic developments having an impact on the practice of internal medicine. The society has a broad interest in issues relating to the use of technology in the delivery of medical care. ASIM has a strong interest in the pricing of new technologies. In 1983, the society adopted a policy calling for payments for new technology to be based on the resource costs associated with such technologies. ASIM is concerned about the disparity in payment between physicians' cognitive services and technologically-oriented serv- ices. ASIM has published several papers on the subject, including an issue of its journal The Internist and two white papers on reimbursement for physicians' cognitive and procedural services. ~, ~ ASIM publishes Guidelines on the Delineation of Hospital Medical Staff Privileges, which includes recommendations on delineation of privileges to perform certain procedures. ASIM sponsors a proficiency testing program on medical laboratory evaluation to help improve the quality of physicians' office laboratory testing. The society also partici- pates, alone with the College of American Pathologists and the American Academv of 1 ~ ~ ;~ ~ _ ~ ~ A ~ ~ _ TO · 1 ~1 · · · ~ ~ · ~ ~ ~ ~ , . . . . . . family tnys~aans, In the commission on Attica Lab Assessment, a voluntary ~n~t~at~ve to develop quality standards for in-office labs. ASIM maintains liaison with government agencies and industry associations pertinent to its interests in medical technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers 345 East 47th Street New York, NY ~ 00 ~ 7 2 1 2-705-7797 Contact: Julie Trunzo, Technical Administrator The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (AS ME) is an educational and technical society of mechanical engineers with a membership of 115,000. With 4,600 members, the ASME bioengineering division is a growing division of the society. It has technical 572

ORGANIZATIONAL RESOURCES committees on biomechanics, fluid mechanics, heat mass transfer, instrumentation and control, medical devices, and rehabilitation engineering. Members apply engineering concepts and technology to the design and development of instrumentation, substitutes for biological materials, diagnostic and therapeutic devices, and artificial organs. The division is also-concerned with the issues of health care delivery, standards for medical devices, and government regulation of health care. The Bioengineering division sponsors a full technical program at each ASME winter annual meeting, and several other technical meetings each year. In the summers of odd-numbered years, it sponsors a biomechanics symposium. The division publishes the quarterly journal of Biomechanical Engineering, which addresses biocompatible mate- rials, bioinstrumentation, biomechanics, and design and control of biological systems; Advances in Bioeng~neerang, compiled from the annual meeting; Biomechanics Symposium Proceedings, and other special publications. Other activities relevant to medical technology are conducted by the ASME Technol- ogy and Society division, which sponsors such sessions as social responsibility in techno- logical development and applications, technology transfer, and biotechnology and society. American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 8605 Cameron Street, Suite 500 Silver Spring, MD 20910 301-587-63 15 Contact: Sol Eskenazi, Research and Data Consultant The American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN' was established in 1976 as a nonprofit, professional society to assist individuals in becoming more educat- ed and knowledgeable about the field of parenteral and enteral nutrition. Through its membership of over 4,200 physicians, nurses, dietitians, pharmacists, and nutritionists, it promotes optimum nutrition for all patients, improved patient care by emphasizing the role of nutrition in rehabilitation and recovery, a multidisciplinary team approach to nutrition delivery, and professional education and scientific advancement in nutri- tion support. ASPEN conducts continuing education programs, postgraduate courses, national and regional meetings, and scientific, clinical and educational workshops. Its two major publications are the journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition and Nutrition in Clinical Practice. ASPEN has several activities related to technology assessment. The Research Work- shop is conducted each year to examine important and controversial issues in the area of parenteral and enteral nutrition; the 1987 workshop dealt with nutrition in acute renal failure. The Research and Data Committee conducts programs and services to promote and support research and seeks to establish data resources for which analyses regarding the effectiveness of therapies can be assessed. ASPEN conducts an annual clinical congress in which events frequently focus on emerging devices, drugs, and techniques in providing nutritional care. In 1987 ASPEN convened a meeting to address how to assess the effectiveness of parenteral and enteral nutrition technology, and what further research is needed. 573

MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT DIRECTORY ASPEN is consulted by such organizations as the Office of Technology Assessment, the National Center for Health Services Research and Health Care Technology Assess- ment, and the Prospective Payment Assessment Commission regarding technological matters related to parenteral and enteral technologies. American Society for Testing ant! Materials 1916 Race Street Philadelphia, PA 19103 2 15-299-5400 Contact: Ray Sansone, Staff Manager for Medical and Surgical Materials and Devices The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) is a nonprofit organization in which producers, users, consumers, and representatives of government and academia develop voluntary consensus standards for materials, products, systems, and services. ASTM has 30,000 individual and organizational members worldwide. ASTM has 140 technical committees and many subcommittees involved in standards writing for a wide variety of products from iron and steel to petroleum to textiles to medical devices. These address test methods, specifications, definitions, practices, and classifications. The ASTM Committee on Medical and Surgical Materials and Devices is concerned with terminology and nomenclature, test methods, specifications, and performance standards. It includes 50 subcommittees on, e.g., orthopaedics, soft tissue replacement, electrodes, plastic and reconstructive surgery, mammary implants, urological materials and devices, surgical instruments, cardiovascular, neurosurgical, cranioplasty, device retrieval, and polymeric, metallurgical, and ceramic materials. ASTM also has commit- tees on occupational health and safety; orthotics, external prosthetic, and mobility aids; anesthetic and respiratory equipment, emergency medical services; and health care services. Other ASTM committees have subcommittees in health-related areas, such as drug product packaging, medical thermometry, clinical laboratory systems, pharmacy automation, clinical data standards, and medical informatics. The 66-volume Annual Book of ASTM Standards contains more than 8,000 sets of standards. The medical device standards volume addresses medical and surgical mate- rials and devices, orthotics, external prosthetics, mobility aids, and forensic sciences. The quarterly Journal of Forensic Sciences covers instrumental analysis, measurement, and testing for forensic toxicology, pathology, psychiatry, immunology, odontology, and related topics. Other publications include standards adjuncts, special technical publications, data series, consumer publication series, and compilations of standards. American Society of Transplant Physicians Contact: Lawrence G. Hunsicker, M.D., President, Director, Bldg. 3, VA Medical Center, Iowa City, IA 52240, 319-338-0581 The American Society of Transplant Physicians (ASTP) is a professional society of physicians and immunologists with a commitment to clinical transplantation. The society's objectives are to promote education and research in transplantation medicine and immunology, to provide a scientific forum on transplantation medicine and immu- nology, and to provide for transplant physicians and immunologists a voice in dealing with governmental, medical, professional and private organizations. 574

ORGANIZATIONAL SOURCES ASTP deals with issues related to technology assessment in several forums. All recom- mendations of committees to establish policy relating to technology assessment are forwarded to the ASTP council for review and action. The Patient Care Standards Committee is charged with reviewing and recommending standards for the care of candidates for and recipients of organ transplants. This committee is preparing a pamphlet listing the information that potential transplant recipients should be able to obtain from their physicians to help them evaluate their medical care options. The Committee on the Training of Transplant Physicians is charged with defining the role of transplant physicians in clinical practice, with establishing qualification criteria for use by such organizations as the National Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network, and with establishing requirements of and criteria for approval of programs for training transplant physicians. Representatives of the ASTP Council serve on intersociety committees established for other specific purposes related to technology assessment. For example, the ASTP, American Society of Transolant Surgeons, American SocietY for Histocomoatibilitv ~ A V ' J 1 J 1 ~ . · ~ T · ~ ~ · ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . ~ ~ , anct Immunogenetics, and International Moiety tor Heart l ransplantat~on, drafted a 1986 consensus statement on criteria for designation of organ transplant centers. ASTP conducts an annual scientific session focusing on new findings in the fields of the basic immunology of transplantation and advances in the clinical management of transplant patients. American Society of Transplant Surgeons Contact: Robert I. Corry, M.D., Professor and Chairman, Office of the Chairman, Department of Surgery, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, 319-356-2545 The American Society of Transplant Surgeons (ASTS) is a nonprofit professional society founded in 1974 consisting of surgeons trained in organ transplantation. Mem- bers of the society are limited to surgical specialists actively engaged in organ transplan- tation. Further qualifications consist of certification by American Boards or their foreign equivalent. The purpose of the society is to promote and encourage education and research with respect to transplantation surgery. ASTS collaborates with public and private organiza- tions to promote and encourage education and research in transplantation surgery, and participates in coordinating efforts or formulation of programs by physicians, agencies, and health personnel to provide maximum efficiency and optimal benefit to recipients of organ transplants. ASTS holds a two-day annual meeting at which original scientific papers are presented. Papers at the annual meeting are published annually in thejournal Transplantation. The society, often through its Advisory Committee on Issues, takes positions on ethical and societal issues involving organ transplantation. American Urological Association 1120 North Charles Street Baltimore, MD 21201 301-727-1 100 Contact: Richard }. FIannigan, Executive Secretary 575

MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT DIRECTORY The American Urological Association (AUA) is a nonprofit medical society founded in 1902 with the goal of advancing the practice of urology and providing optimal care for persons with urological diseases and disorders. Its 6,100 members are physicians and scientists concerned with the clinical and basic sciences related to urology. AUA receives requests from private insurers, federal agencies, and health care provid- er organizations regarding standard guidelines and appropriateness of urological procedures. Prior to replying to requests for information and opinions, AUA consults with panels of experts in the various facets of urology. Three complete sets of urologi- cal standards have been promulgated by the AUA since 1974. The 1987 edition of Guidelines for Urologic Patient Care is available from AUA. AUA's officialjournal is the Journal of Urology, a monthly publication containing articles on the latest advancements in medicine and surgery pertaining to urology. AUA conducts an annual symposium focusing on recent advancements to urological care. Included is a biomedical engineering forum that concerns itself primarily with emerg- ing modalities in urology. AUA conducts continuing medical education programs for urologists that include assessments of recent technological advances related to urology. Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation 1901 N. Fort Meyer Drive, Suite 602 Arlington, VA 22209-1699 703-525-4890 Contact: Elizabeth A. Bridgman, Director of Technical Programs The Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) is an alliance of individuals and organizations sharing interests in medical devices and instrumentation. Its 5,000 individual members include clinical and biomedical engi- neers and technicians, physicians, nurses, hospital administrators, educators, research- ers, manufacturers, government representatives, and other health professionals. AAMI has 250 institutional members and 125 corporate members. AAMI is a voluntary consensus standards organization accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). AAMI's technical committees and their spon- sored programs produce several categories of documents. Standards and recommend- ed practices are developed and voted on by technical committees. Medical device standards recommend to the manufacturer the labeling, safety, and performance requirements that the product should meet, and describe test methods for determining conformance with such requirements. Recommended practices for use, care, and processing devices and systems are directed primarily to users. Technical information reports disseminate new information on specific technologies. Monographs, technol- ogy assessment reports, technology updates, and technology analyses and reviews explore medical technology issues through articles written by experts, and are normally based on AAMI technical course or meeting proceedings. AAMI's periodicals include the bimonthly peer-reviewed journal Medical Instrumenta- tion, the newsletter AAMI News, and the magazine Biomedical Technology Today. ANSI standards on medical technology are available through AAMI. AAMI also provides biomedical engineering textbooks and reference materials, a membership directory, and annual meeting proceedings. 576

ORGANIZATIONAL SOURCES AAMI conducts an annual meeting, regional meetings, technology analysis and review conferences, and technical training seminars. It provides clinical engineering certifica- tion and biomedical equipment technician certification programs. AAMI provides to members free subscriptions to the BMEDSS (Biomedical Engineering Decision Sup- port Services) electronic data base. Association of Biotechnology Companies ~ 220 ~ Street, NW, Suite 6 ~ 5 Washington, DC 20005 202-842-2229 Contact: Bruce F. Mackler, Ph.D., }.D., General Counsel The Association of Biotechnology Companies (ABC) is a nonprofit trade association in biotechnology. Formed in 1983, it has 180 member companies in eleven countries. Its purpose is to convene the companies on issues of common concern and to promote the growth of the biotechnology industry. Included among its major areas of interest are raising capital for the industry; trends in patenting biotechnology; regulatory policies of the Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and Environ- mental Protection Agency; and public perceptions of biotechnology. ABC has committees and working groups in insurance, import/export, and legislative and regulatory affairs. It acts as a liaison for the biotechnology industry to government, and has been active with regard to legislation relevant to the industry, such as regula- tions affecting export of biotechnology products, importation of cell lines and biological materials, environmental release of genetically engineered microorganisms, and patent protection of biotechnology products. ABC has developed a product and professional liability insurance program for its member companies. It publishes a bimonthly news- letter Details. It held its first international meeting in 1987, and holds regional regula- tory workshops. In conjunction with the American Society of Testing and Materials, ABC will hold an October 1987 conference on worker and product safety related to biotechnology. . Association for Health Services Research 2100 M Street, NW, Suite 402 Washington, DC 20037 202-223-2477 Contact: Alice Hersh, Executive Director The Association for Health Services Research (AHSR) is a national membership orga- nization formed to represent the field of health services research. As such, AHSR promotes cooperative relationships between researchers and public and private deci- sion makers, serves as a source of expertise and knowledge about health services research, and educates the public about the need for and contributions of the field. As a national voice for health services research, AHSR monitors federal legislation and funding for health services research activities. It also serves to educate members of Congress and the Executive branch about the contributions of health services research ers. 577

MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT DIRECTORY The association's annual meeting provides a forum for researchers and health policy decision makers to discuss issues of common concern. This meeting also gives research- ers the opportunity to discuss how health services research can be more effectively utilized in the decision making process. The association publishes two newsletters- HSR Update, which keeps members current on federal policy initiatives and activities of major research centers, and Focus on Mental Health Services Research, which addresses developments in the mental health field. In 1985, the association published the Directory of University-Based Health Services and Policy Research Centers, and is updating this publication. The Foundation for Health Services Research is the educational affiliate of the associa- tion. It conducts professional and educational activities such as the annual meeting, in addition to other conferences and workshops on topics important to the field. Canadian Association of Manufacturers of Medical Devices 10 Four Seasons Place Etobicoke (Tor.), Ontario MOB 6H7 Canada 416-620-1915 Contact: Margaret Guerrier, Director of Regulatory Affairs and Standards Founded in 1972, the Canadian Association of Manufacturers of Medical Devices (CAMMD) is an organization of approximately 120 health product companies. The mission of the CAMMD is to encourage a business environment conducive to invest- ment and growth of the Canadian health care industry by developing Canadian manufacturing and marketing capabilities, becoming involved in setting regulations governing medical devices, and writing of standards for these products. CAMMD maintains contact with federal and provincial government agencies regard- ing regulations, trade development, occupational health and safety, and environmental issues. The association makes regulatory recommendations to the Canadian Health Protection Branch concerning such technologies as diagnostic pregnancy test kits, cardiac pacemakers, dental implants, AIDS test kits, intravenous therapy, and the reuse of disposable devices. CAMMD has technical committees on diagnostic instrumentation and in-vitro prod- ucts; general hospital equipment; implants, prosthetics, and sensory aids; orthopaedic equipment; radiation; and surgical supplies, sterile and disposable devices. Its mem- bers are active in committees of the Canadian Standards Association responsible for development of consensus standards, and certification standards. CAMMD holds an annual and semi-annual meeting. Center for the Stucly of Drug Development Tufts University 136 Harrison Avenue Boston, MA 0211 1 6 1 7-956-0070 Contact: Kenneth I. Kaitin, Ph.D., Assistant Director 578

ORGANIZATIONAL SOURCES The Center for the Study of Drug Development (CSDD) is an independent nonprofit research organization affiliated with Tufts University. Its purpose is to explore scien- tific, economic, marketing, regulatory and other public policy issues that affect U.S. and international pharmaceutical research and development. It has an interdisciplinary perspective intended to involve government, industry, and the public. Topics of current and recent projects include FDA use of outside advisors, new drug development by the U.S. pharmaceutical industry, new indications for already-ap- proved drugs, post-approval research as a condition of approval, informed consent by patients for medication, and analysis of the 1984 generic drug and patent restoration legislation. Recent case studies have been conducted on such drugs as Bendectin, Depo-Provera, and AZT. International projects address such areas as development and introduction of new drugs in the U.S. and U.K., and the selection of drugs for the World Health Organization's model list of essential drugs. CSDD has an in-house computerized library on drug development and regulation, including books, manuscripts, journal articles, government publications, articles from the news media, and trade publications. CSDD's New Chemical Entity (NCE) database includes information on drug development by the U.S. and European pharmaceutical industries. As some of the data are confidential, published analyses are in aggregate form only. Subjects of conferences recently sponsored by CSDD have included ibupro- fen in its post-market stage, FDA use of foreign clinical trials data, maximizing the benefits of antibiotics, and therapeutic substitutions The center holds an annual five- -day course on clinical pharmacology, drug development, and regulation. The center responds to requests by industry, universities, and other outside parties for information from its library and NCE database. The center periodically sends out reprints and preprints of selected articles, as well as a newsletter with announcements of conferences and publications. Council of Medical Specialty Societies PO Box 70 Lake Forest, IL 60045 3 12-295-3456 Contact: Rebecca S. Rhine, Associate Executive Vice President The Council of Medical Specialty Societies (CMSS) is a nonprofit scientific and educa- tional organization. Founded in 1965 as the Tri-College Council by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the American College of Physicians, and the American College of Surgeons, CMSS was established to provide a forum for the discussion by medical specialists of issues of mutual concern and national interest. In 1967, as other specialty societies joined, the CMSS adopted its current name. Today, 24 major specialties with certifying boards sanctioned by the American Board of Medical Specialties are represented on CMSS. The total active voting membership of the 24 CMSS member societies is more than 280,000. Since 1978, CMSS has collected and disseminated to the public and private sectors information concerning the clinical appropriateness of various diagnostic and thera- peutic procedures. The CMSS Program for Clinical Procedure Review provides for the evaluation by physician specialists of medical and surgical procedures and makes the results of these assessments available to all interested parties. The CMSS program 579

MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT DIRECTORY draws upon its ability to bring together experts from major clinical disciplines to reach consensus on a procedures or modalities that apply to more than one specialty. Employee Benefit Research Institute 2121 K Street, NW, Suite 860 Washington, DC 20037-2 ~ 2 1 202-659-0670 Contact: Dallas Salisbury, President The Employee Benefit Research Institute (EBRI) is an independent, nonprofit, public policy research organization established in 1978 to provide educational and research materials on employee benefits. Its work is intended to serve employers, employees, retired workers, public officials, news media, and academicians as they address health, welfare, and retirement issues. EBRI has a separate Education and Research Fund that performs the charitable, educational, and scientific functions of the institute. EBRI publishes three periodicals: the monthly Employee Benefit Notes analyzes and discusses newly released employee benefits data and reviews a wide range policy issues, research, and publications. EBRI Issues Briefs summarize and analyze evolving current issues and trends; recent topics include features of employer health plans: cost contain- ment, plan funding, and coverage continuation, and private initiatives to contain health care expenditures. The EBRI Quarterly Pension Investment Report tracks the flow and investment of private and public pensions. It provides historical data on net contribu- tions to pension plans and the investment allocation of the contributions by plan type, examines pension plan earnings and rates of return by plan type, and looks at the portfolio allocation of pension funds. EBRI provides other reports, seminars, and press statements, and it holds several policy forums each year on economic and social issues having impacts on health, welfare, and retirement programs. Policy studies and forum proceedings have ad- dressed such topics as financing the elderly's health care, Medicare reform, and em- ployer-provided health benefits coverage issues. Federation of American Health Systems ~ ~ 1 ~ 19th Street, NW, Suite 402 Washington, DC 20036 202-833-3090 Contact: Albert C. Baker, Deputy Director for Government Relations The Federation of American Health Systems (FAHS, formerly the Federation of American Hospitals' acts as trade representative of the nation's 1,400 investor-owned hospitals, hospital management companies, and health systems and allied companies involved in the delivery of long-term care, home health care, and health insurance. Members of the federation include such major hospital companies as Hospital Corpo- ration of America, Humana, American Medical International, and National Medical Enterprises, as well as several hundred independent, free-standing hospitals. The federation's primary objective is to monitor and influence federal legislative developments, and to inform and educate members of Congress, the Executive Branch 58O

ORGANIZATIONAL RESOURCES and the national press about important issues in health care, particularly those issues relating to federal health programs. In the medical technology arena, the federation's primary goal is to ensure that adequate federal funding is maintained for the research and development of new technologies. This is accomplished through the efforts of several FAHS committees, notably the Health Finance Committee and the Quality Care Task Force. Those committees work with leaders of government and industry to assess the impact of new technologies on the costs and quality of health care, as well as the impact of federal spending policies on the ~v~il~hili~v of imr~ort~nt technologies ~- - -- - - r ~- ~ A ~ t) A _ V ~ Finnish Society of Technology Assessment in Health Care c/o National Public Health Institute Department of Epidemiology Mannerheimintie 166 SF-OO2SO Helsinki Finland (358-0) 75-70-32-9 Contact: Seppo Leisti, M.D., President, or Jari Kankaanpaa, M.D., Secretary The Finnish Society of Technology Assessment in Health Care was founded in 1986. Its purpose is to promote communication, training, and research in health care technol ogy assessment. The society will provide a means to consider assessment needs, resource needs, and the organizational structure of assessment in Finland. It is intended to organize courses and conferences, publish articles and reports, support research, make initiatives toward the health care community, industry, and government, and act as a means for gather- ing and disseminating information about assessment. The governing board includes representatives from the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs, National Public Health Institute, National Board of Health, Finnish Hospital League, State Technical Research Center, and City of Helsinki Department of Health, as well as hospitals and universities. Generic Pharmaceutical Industry Association 200 Madison Avenue, Suite 2404 New York, NY I00 16 212-683-1881 Contact: Dee Fensterer, President The Generic Pharmaceutical Industry Association (GPIA) is a national association of independent manufacturers, distributors, and industry suppliers of generic prescrip- tion pharmaceuticals. The organization promotes increased acceptance and use of generic pharmaceuticals. It provides educational and technical information to physi- cians, pharmacists, consumers, legislators and government officials about the safety, efficacy, and therapeutic equivalence of generic pharmaceuticals. GPIA monitors legislative developments in areas such as trade, intellectual property rights, and changes in regulatory technology requirements, and presents research 581

MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT DIRECTORY materials and assessment reports to legislative committees and government agencies. Passage of the 1984 Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act codified FDA approval requirements for generic pharmaceuticals via testing methodologies that compare the serum bioequivalence of generic pharmaceuticals to reference drug products. Increased use of bioequivalency testing technologies by generic pharmaceuti- cal producers to meet federal approval requirements has led to further development of these technologies. Member firms and the association's Technical Committee prepare reports on such developments for publication and for presentation to regulatory bodies. GPIA and its member firms also assist in the development of orphan drugs for rare diseases through sponsorship of product research and support of the National Organi- zation for Rare Disorders (NORD), as well as NORD's Rare Disease Data Base, a computer-accessible library of current information for practitioners, researchers and patients. GPIA's Institute for Orphan Drugs monitors developments in technologies related to the development and testing of orphan drugs. George Washington University Medical Center Office of Research ant! Sponsored Programs 2300 Eye Street, NW Washington, DC 20037 202-676-2995 Contact: Michael I. Jackson, Ph.D., Associate Dean for Research and Sponsored Pro- grams The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences is a private, nonprofit institution for education and research in fields related to health care. Technology assessment activities are concentrated mainly on a broadly based clinical research program. This program currently includes more than 400 projects directed to a wide range of new diagnostic or therapeutic modalities. Approximately 20 percent of , . . . . the projects are Institutionally sponsored, and the remainder are supported as collabo- rations between the institution and industrial, federal or private sponsors. Oversight of the program is exercised by the Committee on Human Experimentation, consisting mainly of expert clinicians with specialist representation from the lay com- munity as required by federal regulations. The committee reviews study protocols prior to initiation for subject safety and risk protection, study design and scientific value, and for provisions made for subject confidentiality and information. Approved studies are reviewed at regular intervals for progress, incidence of adverse or unanticipated responses, and for compliance with required conditions. Protocols for proposed studies are submitted to the committee by members of the faculty of the school who assume responsibility for direction of approved studies. Reports on pro- gress and final outcome of approved studies are provided to extramural sponsors by arrangement with the responsible faculty members. Most projects in the program are directed to evaluation of safety and efficacy of new drugs and medical or surgical devices, but survey instruments, epidemiologic studies and expert opinions may be developed where appropriate. The program is fully supported by laboratory, inpatient, and ambulatory clinical care facilities. 582

ORGANIZATIONAL RESOURCES Group Health Association of America ~ 12920th Street, NW, Suite 600 Washington, DC 20036 202-778-3200 Contact: Margaret E. O'Kane, Director, Medical Directors Division The Group Health Association of America (GHAA) is a national organization repre- senting prepaid health care systems. GHAA currently represents more than 150 member health maintenance organizations (HMOs), including group, staff, network, individual practice association (IPA), and mixed models. GHAA represents the inter- ests of the industry in Congress and with federal agencies, conducts conferences, seminars, and workshops, performs data collection and analysis, and maintains a comprehensive collection of published and unpublished work on prepaid managed care systems. GHAA is involved in several activities relevant to technology assessment. Among its activities, the Medical Directors Division of GHAA responds to inquiries regarding coverage~policies and disseminates information on NIH consensus development con- feren~s, Office of Health Technology Assessment reviews, and other assessment finclings. GHAA research staff produce ad hoc studies of interest to the FIMO industry. These have included issues in organ transplantation, alcoholism treatment, and supplemental benefits. The transplantation study assessed coverage for transplantation, volume of transplant procedures, HMO coverage compared to competition, role of formal HMO committees in decisions to cover and provide transplantation, and contractual arrange- ments for providing transplants. Also issued was an analysis of the integration of organ transplantation into HMO benefit structures. The research department generates an annual membership survey and, new in 1987, a national HMO industry survey. The latter uses a comparative data base of 410 HMOs to yield information describing benefits, coverage policies, and utilization. Included are data on coverage of such services as durable medical equipment, prosthetics, hospice care, in vitro fertilization, and organ transplantation, as well as enrollment profiles, premium structures, and other plan characteristics. GHAA publishes The Group Health journal, the monthly newsletter Group Health News, and an HMO Managers Letter. Health Industry Manufacturers Association 1030 15th Street, NW, Suite ~ 100 Washington, DC 20005 202-452-8240 Contact: Paul Campbell, Director, Health Policy Research The Health Industry Manufacturers Association (HIMA) includes over 300 companies that develop or manufacture more than 90 percent of the devices and diagnostic products used in the U.S. These products range from gauze bandages to artificial skin, from stethoscopes to computer assisted echocardiographs, and from surgical scalpels to CT scanners and magnetic resonance imaging scanners. HIMA's major policy initiative 583

MEDICALI~CHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT DIRECTORY is to focus attention on the resources committed by the medical products industry to gaining FDA approval for marketing its products. HIMA has three sections that address a wide range of issues affecting the medical product industry, including issues related to medical technology assessment. The Science and Technology Section has several committees and task forces which address topics such as product manufacture, safety, domestic and international standards, in vitro diagnostics, and biotechnology. The Legal and Regulatory Section focuses on the regulation and payment of medical devices and diagnostic products; it has proposed ways to streamline the FDA device approval process and the HCFA coverage process while assuring public safety and the integrity of industry's products. The Government and Public Affairs Section addresses public and private sector initiatives relating to health care financing and controlling health care costs. HIMA conducts research and educational programs addressing medical technology assessment. HIMA contracted with Battelle Institute to develop a manual which gives companies a blueprint for conducting cost-effectiveness analyses. HIMA cosponsored two conferences with the National Center for Health Services Research that focused on use of patient classification systems for measuring health outcomes. HIMA contracted with Duke University's Center for Health Policy and Education for an analysis of the key medical technology assessment trends affecting the device industry. HIMA has also conducted research that documents health insurance and managed care industry trends affecting medical technology. A recent report outlines the current status of coverage and payment policies of Medicare and private payers. Health Insurance Association of America 1025 Connecticut Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20036 202-223-7836 Contact: Joel E. Miller, Deputy Director, Consumer and Professional Relations Divi- s~on The Health Insurance Association of America (HIAA) represents approximately 330 insurance companies responsible for over 85 percent of health care and disability benefit plans provided by insurance companies. HIAA conveys the industry's views to government, health care providers, news media, business, labor, and consumer groups. Member companies are kept apprised of government activities, trends and develop- ments within the health care delivery system, and public opinion on health care issues. Technical assistance is provided to national, state, and local consumer and health care Organizations. Although HIAA does not have an internal mechanism to assess technologies, it serves as an information clearinghouse on assessments performed by public and private sector organizations. HIAA periodically publishes assessment findings from organizations such as the American Medical Association, American College of Physicians, and Office of Health Technology Assessment. Through its Medical Relations Committee, HIAA serves as an intermediary between the Council of Medical Specialty Societies (CMSS) and HIAA member companies. HIAA forwards company inquiries to CMSS, evaluations or opinions on technologies are rendered, and this information is published in the HIAA's Medical Appropriateness Compilation, which is distributed to member companies. The Medical Relations Com 584

ORGANIXATIONAL RESOURCES mittee also monitors developments in the area of medical technology and related ethical, legal and economic considerations; and maintains liaison between the insurance industry and relevant organizations. The Task Force on Health Care Technology Assessment of the Medical Relations Committee was established in 1983 to monitor public policy developments in the area of organ transplantation and technology assessment. Institute for Alternative Futures 1405 King Street Alexandria, VA 22314 703-684-5880 Contact: Clement Bezold, Ph.D., Executive Director The Institute for Alternative Futures (IAF) is a nonprofit research and educational organization founded in 1977. It is primarily involved in futures research, using a variety of techniques related to environmental scanning and strategic planning. IAF attempts to assist organizations and communities in considering how they want the future to be shaped, and emphasizes community participation in evaluating technologi- cal impacts. An emphasis of IAF's work has been in the health care field. With its for-profit consulting firm Alternative Futures Associates, IAF has prepared presentations and workshops on trends, alternative futures, and foresight for congressional staff and federal agencies, state governments, health professions organizations, hospitals, and health product manufacturers. IAF has focused on the assessment of health care technology in a variety of ways. It has conducted forecasting projects on the development of new technologies such as the "hospital-on-the-wrist" and vaccines for cancer. IAF has conducted foresight seminars on biomedical issues intended to clarify the role of societal assumptions in technology assessment; these have addressed, for instance, the future of diagnostic testing, future of drugs and the elderly, future of organ transplantation, prospects for home health care, and pharmaceutical research and development for geriatric medicine and for vaccines and treatments for AIDS. Other futures projects have been conducted in nursing, mental health services, blood services, and artificial intelligence in health care. Examples of IAF publications are Pharmacy in the 21st Century, Pharmaceuticals in the Year 2000, and The Future of Work and Health. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ~ ~ ~ ~ 19th Street, NW, Suite 608 Washington, DC 20036 202-785-00 1 7 Contact: Heidi Fauth James, Program Analyst (Washington, DC office), or Dr. Joseph D. Bronzino, Biomedical Engineering Program, Trinity College, Hartford, Connecti- cut 06106, 203-527-3 15 1 The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IELE) is the world's largest technical professional society with approximately 280,000 members, including 229,000 in the U.S. The organization's primary purpose is to serve as a forum for the dissemina 585

MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT DIRECTORY tion of technical and scientific information through publications, conferences and educational programs. IEEE also serves, through its U.S. Activities Board and Techni- cal Activities Board, as a resource for technology policy concerns to government. IEEE is involved in technology assessment through numerous routes. It has 35 special- ty societies with technical interests that span the scope of electrotechnology, including engineering in medicine and biology, computers, imaging, and social implications of technology. It maintains standing committees to gather and analyze information rela- tive to specific topics, both technical and professional. The IEEE Standards Board issues voluntary standards developed by the members of IEEE societies and working groups. In the health care area, standards for the utilization of biomedical instruments and devices are established. IEEE societies hold hundreds of conferences each year on state-of-the-art applications of emerging technologies. There are several IEEE societies that focus on health care related technologies and maintain an active interest in medical technology assessments. The IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society has the broadest scope. The Health Care Engineering Policy Committee consists of representatives from these societies to assist in formula- tion of health care legislation, regulation, and policy in the U.S. through the provision of technical and professional counsel. InSHtUte for the Future 2740 San] Hill Road MenIO Park, CA 94025-7097 415-854-6322 Contact: Roy Amara, Ph.D., President The Institute for the Future (IFTF) attempts to assist organizations to plan their long-term futures. Typical project areas include environmental scanning, strategic planning assistance, policy analyses, and market outlooks and social impacts of emerg- ing products and technologies. IFTF takes a futures orientation, with emphasis on structured workshops and other forms of networking, and use of environmental scenarios to identify and study organizational issues and options. It has conducted projects for insurers, manufacturers, federal and state agencies, and foundations and other nonprofit organizations. IFTF's Health Care Outlook project is an ongoing forecasting and strategic planning service conducted with the Louis Harris survey firm to study structural change in the U.S. health care system and its impact on business strategy, product development, and marketing. Industry outlooks studies of the pharmaceutical and medical equipment industries were conducted for the California state government. Other efforts include studies of cost-effectiveness of clinical laboratories in Canada, and health futures workshops for trade associations and government and health care provider organiza- tions. Recent reports include The Impact of New Diagnostic Technologies on the Practice of Medi- cine, 1982-95 ( 1985), Twelve Emerging Technologies for the 1 990s ( 1986), and LookingAhead at American Health Care. Final Report (1987~. 586

ORGANIZATIONAL SOURCES international Federation for Meclical and Biological Engineering Contact: Dr. Tan Persson, Chairman, Joint Working Group, Implications and Assess- ment of Biomedical Innovations, c/o Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital, S-58-1 85 Linkoping, Sweden, (46-13) 19-24-56 The International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering (IFMBE), founded in 1959, is a nonprofit scientific organization of independent affiliates in 30 countries. (The U.S. affiliate is the Alliance for Engineering in Medicine and Biology.) IFMBE members include biomedical engineers, technologists and technicians, clinical engineers, rehabilitation engineers, physicians, medical physicists, and biologists. The objectives of the IFMBE are to generate and disseminate information to the interna- tional biomedical engineering community, provide a forum, encourage research and application of biomedical engineering knowledge in support of life quality and cost-ef- fective health care, stimulate international cooperation in the field, and encourage educational programs in biomedical engineering. IFMBE publishes the bimonthly journal of Medical and Biological Engineering and Com- puting, the bimonthly news report The MBEC News, and the annual IFMBE Directory of affiliates and committees. In collaboration with the International Organization for Medical Physics, IFMBE organizes a world conference every three years; the next are in San Antonio, Texas in 1988 and Kyoto, Japan in 1991. The IFMBE Joint Working Group on the Implications and Assessment of Biomedical Innovations seeks to convene engineers and medical scientists to explore social and economic influences of biomedical innovations, develop and apply assessment meth- ods, and analyze means by which social and economic factors should influence en~i . . . . neerlng oeaslons. IFMBE consults with the International Electric Commission and the International Measurement Confederation in developing standards, e.g., for digital imaging. IFMBE affiliates participate on technology assessment councils, standards and safety boards, and other efforts related to international standards in medical device safety. International Federation of Voluntary Health Service Funds 15-17 Essex Street London WC2R SAD, Englanc! United Kingdom (44- 1) 35-3 1-15-9 Contact: Kenneth N. Groom, Secretary General The prime objective of the International Federation of Voluntary Health Service Funds (IFVHSF) is to promote the development and study of voluntary non-profit health services throughout the world in order to assist individuals in obtaining health services, and to strengthen the business capability of these services. The federation has 170 organizational members which together provide health care benefits for a total of cat 120 million people in twenty countries. 587

MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT DIRECTORY Voluntary health service funds exist to encourage the support and expansion of a private sector not-for-profit role in the financing and delivery of health care. The federation serves as a medium for the exchange of information on, and skills and experience in, voluntary non-profit health services; encourages research in voluntary non-profit health services; promotes and facilitates reciprocal arrangements among member funds for persons changing domicile between countries; organizes interna- tional conferences; and fosters relationships between organizations and persons carry- ing out, or interested in, voluntary non-profit health services in different countries. The federation pursues its mission through a development program, meetings pro- gram, information program (conference and seminar proceedings, newsletters, and ad hoc publications), and a reciprocal services program among members. . The federation's role in health technology is to inform members in order to promote the assessment of new technology and to encourage the application of technologies that have proven cost-effectiveness. The federation provides international comparative information concerning voluntary health services. Other issues of the information program have included data processing, health education, health needs, and health economics. The federation has examined and made recommendations to the World Health Organization and the Pan American Health Organization regarding health care delivery systems of selected countries. International Society of Technology Assessment in Health Care Contact: Els Borst-Eilers, Secretary, and Vice Chairman, Health Council of the Nether- lands, PO Box 90517, 2509 EM The Hague, Netherlands, (31-70) 47-14-41. Journal subscription and society membership: Cambridge University Press, 5 10 North Avenue, New Rochelle, New York 10501 (for U.S. and Canada), or Cambridge University Press, Edinburgh Building, Shaftesbury Road, Cambridge CB2 2RU, England (for U.K. and other countries) The International Society of Technology Assessment in Health Care (ISTAHC) was organized in 1985 to encourage research, education, cooperation and the exchange of information concerning the clinical and social implications of technologies used in health care and to foster their optimal use. The society has more than 400 members representing 30 countries. Members repre- sent many disciplines, including physicians, nurses, biomedical engineers, economists, ethicists, policy analysts, sociologists, epidemiologists and hospital administrators. There are also representatives from health care insurers, the medical device industry, government, health policy institutes, universities and medical schools, and independent . . . research organizations. The society publishes the quarterly journal International f ournal of Technology Assessment in Health Care. Themes of various issues have included technology and the elderly, advanced technology and home health care, magnetic resonance imaging, technology in prenatal care, organ transplantation, and the implantation of artificial organs. The principal activity of the society is its annual meeting, held alternately on different sides of the Atlantic. The society plans to convene workshops and conferences to 588

ORGANIZATIONAL SOURCES provide forums for exchange of data and information on specific topics of internation- al interest and to foster international collaboration. Technological issues of interest to the society include determination of evidence for safety and efficacy, cost and cost-effectiveness, ethical aspects and access, quality of care, legal and regulatory considerations, and comparison with competing technol- ogies. Accordingly, the society is concerned with assessment of all the implications of health care technology and the use of assessment findings to provide a rational basis for the acquisition, diffusion and application of technology so as to foster and enhance the delivery of quality health care. Maryland Hospital Association 1301 York RoacI, Suite 800 Lutherville, MD 21093 30 1-32 1-6200 Contact: Steven I. Summer, Vice President The Maryland Hospital Association (MHA) is a nonprofit organization formed to encourage cooperation and communication among the state's 64 community acute care and special hospitals. MHA is governed by citizen volunteers who serve on hospital boards. MHA activities include advocacy, information, education, research, and pro- grams to enhance the management efficiency and quality of care in Maryland hospitals. MHA also conducts educational programs through its affiliate, the Maryland Hospital Education Institute. MHA's Maryland Council for Quality Health Care addresses the need for data collec- tion and analysis to help member hospitals monitor and enhance the quality of care. Composed of hospital trustees, hospital medical staff representatives, and CEOs, the council's work is divided into four major areas: ·The Committee on Treatment and Technology is responsible for disseminating information to member hospitals on outcome studies, the efficacy of new treatment modalities, and emerging technology. It collects and distributes the results of clinical tests, assessments, and other materials concerning recently introduced technologies. It also considers related policy and payment implications for Maryland hospitals. · The Committee on Practice Pattern Variations reviews geographic and medical prac- tice variation data for surgical procedures and medical treatments. It promotes re- search through coordination with medical specialty groups and academic institutions. · The Committee on Institutional Mortality Data initiates hospital review of mortality information generated by the association. It looks at trends and recommends in-house educational programs for hospital quality assurance. · The Committee on Quality Indicators is responsible for overseeing the MHA Quality Indicator Project, currently testing nine quality indicators in seven Maryland hospi- tals. 589

MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT DIRECTORY National Advisory Council on Health Care Technology Assessment National Center for Health Services Research and Health Care Technology Assessment Parklawn Building Room 18-05 5600 Fishers Lane Rockville, MD 20857 301-443-5650 Contact: Nancy Blustein, Executive Secretary, and Special Assistant to the Director, National Center for Health Services Research and Health Care Technology Assess- ment The Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Amendments of 1984 (P.L. 98-551) provided for the establishment of the National Advisory Council on Health Care Technology Assessment. The National Advisory Council is to advise the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services and the Director of the National Center for Health Services Research and Health Care Technology Assessment (NCHSR) with respect to the performance of NCHSR technology assessment activities. (P.L. 98-551 also provided for the establishment of the separate Council on Health Care Technology at the Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences.) The National Advisory Council's functions, as prescribed by law, include assisting the NCHSR Director in developing criteria and methods to be used in making coverage recommendations (particularly those of the NCHSR Office of Health Technology Assessment), and reviewing technology assessment research applications (particularly those administered by the NCHSR Division of Extramural Research) in excess of $50,000 in direct costs. The National Advisory Council is composed of 12 voting members appointed by the Secretary. Six members are distinguished in medicine, engineering, and science, and four members represent individuals distinguished in law, ethics, economics, and man- agement. Membership requirements provide for at least two physicians, two represent- atives of business engaged in the production or development of medical technology, one hospital administrator, one health insurance company or self-insured employer representative, and two individuals who represent the interests of health care consum- ers. The National Advisory Council meets at least three times a year to review technology assessment research applications and to carry out its other advisory functions. Subcom- mittees are established by the National Advisory Council to conduct specific activities. For example, subcommittees have been utilized to prepare a preamble of over-arching principles to guide the technology assessment process, to develop recommended crite- ria to be utilized in performing technology assessments, and to study and make recom- mendations regarding the technology assessment process and the coverage process. National Association of Health Data Organizations 316 Pennsylvania Avenue SE, Suite 202 Washington, DC 20003 202-546-5881 Contact: Marlene Larks, Executive Director 59O

ORGANIZATIONAL RESOURCES The National Association of Health Data Organizations (NAHDO) was established in 1986 by the Washington Business Group on Health to promote appropriate and accurate collection and analysis of health care data. Members include health data organizations that have legislative authority to collect and analyze health care data on a statewide or other jurisdictional basis, such as state health departments, health data commissions, rate setting commissions, hospital commissions federal agencies. national associations, corporations, and individuals. __ ~o ~ ~ Through exchange of information between member organizations and educational programs, NAHDO seeks to improve the quality of health care data and data manage- ment. NAHDO intends to support the work of existing state data collection authorities, and to provide assistance to new and emerging health data organizations. To enhance this effort, the Intergovernmental Health Policy Project at George Washington Univer- sity provides certain information and dissemination services to NAHDO. NAHDO activities and projects underway include an annual meeting, technical semi- nars and other special meetings, a resource manual, the newsletter NAHDO News, an electronic bulletin board, circulation of health data organization reports, and a health data organization directory. One 1987 technical seminar, "Micro to Mainframe," ad- dressed the collection, electronic transfer, and use of hospital discharge data. The NAHDO Ambulatory Data Committee addresses ambulatory data issues, and provides technical assistance to member organizations wanting to establish or modify their ambulatory data bases. NAHDO is conducting a two-year project to develop recom- mendations for an acute care uniform data set intended to minimize the number of different definitions imposed by data gatherers such as purchasers and insurers. National ASSOCiatiOn Of ManUfaCtUrerS 1776 F Street, NW WaShingtOn, DC 20006 202-637-3000 Contact: Sharon Canner, Director, Employee Benefits The National Association of Manufacturers (NAM) is a nonprofit organization of over 13,500 corporations of many sizes and industrial classifications in every state. NAM represents members' interests to Congress and regulatory agencies. Members deter . . . . mine association policy through participation In 14 policy committees. The Employee Benefits Committee is concerned with private sector retirement and health and welfare plans as well as federal health policy and legislation affecting individual company plans. Of special interest are Medicare's financing and benefit structure, the program's coverage decisions and their relationship to company medical plans for retirees. Other areas of focus are catastrophic insurance the ~nin.~,rerl 1 ~ ~ ~ 7 1 1 . 1 ~ 1 ~ . . . . . . . health care data, and health care technology and its impact on corporate health care costs. In 1984, NAM appointed a task force on technology. Concerns of this task force include issues related to technologies and health care costs, the role of the employer as purchaser and evaluator of efficacy and cost/benefits of the health services provided to workers under company plans, and the role of some employers in producing and marketing health care products. The committee is also concerned with the availability and utility of assessment information, appropriate utilization of technologies, and the impact of public and private sector policy on technological innovation and diffusion. 591

MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT DIRECTORY National Electrical Manufacturers Association 2 ~ O ~ ~ Street, NW, Slide 300 WaShingtOn, DC 20037 202-457-8432 Contact: Robert G. Britain, Manager, Diagnostic Imaging and Therapy Systems Divi- sion The National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) is the principal national trade association of the electrical manufacturing industry. NEMA has 570 member manufacturing companies that are affiliated with one or more of its product divisions representing distinct industries. NEMA's Diagnostic Imaging and Therapy Systems Division represents more than 95 percent of the market for manufacturers providing medical devices to the health care field in the areas of conventional medical and dental x-ray imaging, computed tomog- raphy, diagnostic ultrasound, nuclear imaging, radiation therapy, magnetic resonance, lithotripsy, and picture archiving and communication systems. NEMA is especially concerned with the electrical equipment standards to facilitate uniform repetitive manufacture, and with product performance and safety. NEMA standards-writing activities are continuous. Standards are derived from industry-wide cooperative efforts with input from user organizations such as the American College of Radiology and regulatory agencies such as the FDA. Standards are approved by the NEMA Council for compliance with association policies and federal law prior to their adoption. NEMA standards are not sustained for more than five years without being revised, reaffirmed or rescinded. Performance characteristics of imaging equipment can be confirmed by users with the use of referee test procedures associated with NEMA standards. NatiOna] HeaIth COUnCi} 1700 K Street, NW, SUiLe 1005 Washington, DC 20006 202-785-39 13 Contact: Joseph C. Isaacs, Director of Government Relations The National Health Council (NHC) is a nonprofit association that has served for nearly 70 years as an umbrella organization for many U.S. health groups. The council brings together such diverse organizations as charitable voluntaries, health care provid- ers, insurers, manufacturers, and federal health agencies. Its current membership includes 65 such organizations. The council's mission is to enhance the ability of its members to work together effective- ly to promote the health of all Americans and ensure accessibility to quality health care. Among its activities, the council monitors developments pertaining to a broad array of health policy issues, including technology assessment, management and innovation. As a service to its members and as a contribution to the policymaking process, the NHC has written reports and conducted seminars on technology issues and other topics of national interest. Additionally, it hosts an annual National Health Forum which ad- dresses comprehensively a current or emerging health care system theme. 592

ORGANIZATIONAL SOURCES One of the long-standing traditions of the council is hosting breakfast briefings with leading federal policymakers. Several of these are sponsored each year to help profes- sionals in the field obtain first-hand information on health care issues and the broad policy environment from key decisionmakers in Congress, the White House, and the . . . various executive agencies. Oley Foundation for Home Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 214 Hun Memorial Albany Medical Center Albany, NY 12208 5 18-445-5079 Contact: Lenore Heaphey, Associate Director Oley is a nonprofit research and education organization founded in 1983 for the purpose of promoting optimal care for those requiring long-term specialized nutrition- al therapy. The foundation has established a network of clinicians and patients throughout the U.S. and several other countries. This network is based on four major activities: an annual research registry of patients in the U.S. and Canada receiving home nutritional support, the publication of a bimonthly newsletter, an outreach system of patients, and coordination and oversight of multi-center research efforts related to long-term parenteral nutrition. Oley has several mechanisms that relate to assessment of nutrition technology. It conducts research surveys to obtain patient product experience and evaluation. It disseminates information to clinicians and consumers through publications and confer- ences. Oley makes available consumer volunteers to provide feedback in the develop- ment of technology tailored for the ambulatory or home setting. Oley has affiliations with agencies developing and monitoring standards for specialized nutritional therapy in the home and nursing home. The foundation's Scientific Advisory Committee addresses a broad range of questions regarding the technology of home parenteral and . . . enteral nutrition. Pan A mencan Healdh Organization 525 23rd Street, N W Washington, DC 20037 202-861-3219 Contact: Jorge Pena Mohr, Regional Advisor on Health Technology, Health Policies Program The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) is an international organization of the Pan American System and the Regional Office of the World Health Organization. PAHO is supporting: · A comprehensive research project on health technology development in seven coun- tries including sixteen lines of study in four main topics: policy, supply, utilization, and impacts. 593

MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT DIRECTORY · A development and evaluation project on maternal and child health technology supported by the W. K. Kellogg Foundation. · A technology information support system including regulatory, purchasing, and industrial development policy and decision making needs for member countries. IDAHO publishes the Latin American Medical Index, a scientific series, and other publica- tions covering a large range of public health topics. More than 50 reports have been published on health technology issues; most of these reports are written in Spanish. PAHO's health technology clearinghouse activity consists primarily of annotated bibli- ographies on technology development in health, as well as in the national economies, agriculture, manufacturing, and industrial sectors that encompass health. One technol- ogy evaluation report written in English, Effectiveness of Cervical Cancer Screening Pro- grams (1986), is an annotated bibliography of 100 articles drawn from National Library of Medicine online information bases. The 22nd Pan American Sanitary Conference of PAHO included health technology as one of the six major priorities for the American Region. Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association ~ ~ 00 ~ 5th Street, NW Washington, DC 20005 202-835-3420 Contact: Gerald I. Mossinghoff, President The Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (PMA) is a nonprofit scientific and professional organization of more than 100 firms that discover, develop and produce prescription drugs and biological products in the United States. The association's members produce most of the prescription drugs used in the U.S., and about half of the western world's supply of prescription drugs. PMA has a staff of approximately 90 and is governed by a 35-member board. PMA has 13 Sections (with many subsections and committees) composed of representa- tives of member firms. The Sections are Biological, Financial, International, Law, Marketing, Medical, Personnel, Production, Engineering and Materials Management; Public Affairs, Quality Control, Research and Development, State Government Affairs, and Washington representatives. The sections identify issues and develop options and recommendations for the Board of Directors as well as relating with government agencies on legislative, regulatory and technical matters. Section meetings, seminars, workshops, and training courses deal with a wide variety of issues important to main- taining high standards of safety, efficacy and quality of prescription pharmaceuticals and other issues relating to quality of health care in this country. PMA's regular publications include The Annual Report, the Annual Statistical Fact Book and Survey, a weekly newsletter, a quarterly bulletin, the biweekly Trademark Bulletin, a weekly State Capital Report, the monthly Science and Technology Notes, and periodic Research Reports. Other publications on policy and technical issues are published from time to time. A list of PMA publications may be obtained from the Communications Division. 594

ORGANIZATIONAL SOURCES Physician Payment Review Commission 2120 ~ Street, NW, Suite 510 Washington, DC 20037 202-653-7220 Contact: Paul B. Ginsburg, Ph.D., Executive Director The Physician Payment Review Commission (PPRC) was created by Congress in 1986 to provide advice on reforms in the methods used to pay physicians for services to Medicare beneficiaries. PPRC began its work in November 1986. It is comprised of 13 members who represent a broad range of experience and perspectives on issues . . . . concerning physician payment. The commission plays four roles. First, it serves as a source of independent expert advice to Congress and to the Secretary of Health and Human Services. Second, it provides opportunities for beneficiaries, physicians, and other interested parties to have their views considered in policy deliberations on physician payment issues. Third, PPRC conducts analyses to provide a basis for policy decisions to alter Medicare's method of paying physicians. Fourth, it performs design work necessary to implement major changes in physician payment. PPRC is mandated to make recommendations to Congress by March 1 of each year regarding payment for physicians' services under Part B of the Medicare program. PPRC is required to address specific issues related to physician payment, including the variation in payment rates among specialties and geographic areas, the inherent rea- sonableness of charges for specific services or procedures, methods for developing a relative value scale for physicians' services, and physician participation in the Medicare program. The commission intends to consider both short-term improvements in the current payment system and alternatives for more fundamental long-term reform. The title of PPRC's 1987 report to Congress is Medicare Physician Payment: An Agendafor Reform. The report outlines goals for physician payment policy, the commission's findings, a range of alternatives for physician payment reform, and a time frame for reform. Analyses and recommendations are also given for fee schedules, geographic variation in charges, inherent reasonableness, assignment and the participating physi- cian program, the Medicare Economic Index, improving program administration, coding, data issues, and assistant at surgery. Renal Physicians Association ~ ~ O ~ Vermont Avenue, NW, Suite 500 Washington, DC 20005-3457 202-898- 1562 Contact: M. Eileen Widmer, Executive Director The Renal Physicians Association (RPA) is a national organization of more than 1,200 physicians who care for patients with renal disease. Established in 1973 to represent the interests of physicians and their patients under the End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) Program, RPA has since expanded its activities into various of renal disease. areas concerning treatment 595

MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT DIRECTORY RPA's goals are to ensure optimal care for patients with renal disease and related disorders, to act as a national representative for physicians in the field, and to serve as a resource for development of national health policy concerning renal disease. RPA monitors legislative and regulatory activity involving the ESRD program, and acts as an advocate for graduate medical education in nephrology. RPA supports various re- search activities and promotes funding for kidney disease research. In cooperation with the Health Care Financing Administration and the Registry Com- mittee of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association, RPA has undertaken a national random sample survey of ES1lD patients in order to gauge the application and effectiveness of various modes of therapy for chronic renal failure. RPA also supports research efforts to improve and develop technologies for treatment of renal disease. The association has undertaken some informal and formal technology assessment activities including, most recently, a full-scale evaluation of the procedure of reprocess- ing dialyzers. RPA holds an annual three-day educational meeting on health policy and scientific issues. The association publishes the quarterly newsletter RPA News. RESNA Association for the Advancement of Rehabilitation Technology ~ ~ O ~ Connecticut Avenue, NW, Suite 700 Washington, DC 20036 202-857-1 199 Contact: Patricia I. Homer, Executive Director RESNA Association for the Advancement of Rehabilitation Technology, formerly the Rehabilitation Engineering Society of North America, was renamed to better reflect the broad array of interests and skills within the organization. The organization was established in 1979, and membership includes rehabilitation professionals, providers, and consumers who are dedicated to putting technology to work for disabled persons. RESNA annual conferences are held at various locations in North America. Other symposia and workshops are held periodically to seek answers to questions critical to the welfare of disabled persons. The proceedings of the conference are published, as well as a variety of other pertinent publications that emanate from the work of RESNA committees or from rehabilitation professionals. Sixteen RESNA special interest groups respond to the need for a communication network within the rehabilitation community to address the diverse needs of consum- ers, providers, and industry. Regional conferences are being developed to provide members with the opportunity to meet more frequently to discuss their mutual inter- ests. RESNA has developed strategies to ensure interactions among relevant professions, and to develop consensus on definition of rehabilitative needs; funding requirements for R&D, education and training; monitoring legislation; working with industry to ensure high standards and to promote the marketing of new devices; and identifying funding sources for consumers. 596

ORGANIZATIONAL RESOURCES Society for Medical Decision Making One Main Street PO Box 447 West Lebanon, NH 03784 603-298-9929 Contact: [ohn Tomeny, Administrator The Society for Medical Decision Making (SMDM) is a nonprofit professional society founded in 1979 for the purpose of advancing the teaching and scholarship in medical decision making. The 700 members of SMDM include physicians, public health scien- tists, economists, computer scientists, health services researchers, and cognitive scien- tists. Their interests revolve around clinical decision analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, technology assessment, medical databases, and artificial intelligence. The SMDM con- ducts continuing education courses in decision analysis and technology assessment. Medical Decision Making, an international journal of record in the field, is published quarterly by the society. SMDM holds an annual conference on decision making in the health sciences. This meeting is principally devoted to the presentation of abstracts, but hour lectures in decision science and technology assessment are staples of the confer- ence. Society of Non-Invasive Vascular Technology ~ ~ O ~ Connecticut Avenue, NW, Suite '700 Washington, DC 20036 202-857-1 149 Contact: Patricia I. Homer, Executive Director The Society of Non-lnvasive Vascular Technology (SNIVT) is a nonprofit professional medical society founded in 1977 to provide education for the profession of noninvasive vascular technology and to represent the field among other health professions and to the public by providing information and education. Approximately 60 percent of the society's 2,700 members are practicing noninvasive vascular technologists or are tech- nologists involved in supervision and/or education in a clinical setting. Physicians, other health care providers, researchers, and those involved in the sale and manufacture of equipment comprise the balance of the membership. Through its publications, the journal of Vascular Technology and newsletter Spectrum, and local and national meetings, the society attempts to meet the educational and profes- sional needs of the technologists involved in vascular testing. In addition, SNIVT offers patient education pamphlets and training center directories. SNIVT is a member of and maintains liaison with organizations whose goals are related to maintaining excellence in the field. These include the American Medical Associa- tion's Joint Review Committee on Education in Cardiovascular Technology, and the American Society of Allied Health Professions. SNIVT is represented on the AMA Panel of Consultants and the American Registry of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers (ARDMS). 597

MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT DIRECTORY In an effort to support the continuing education efforts of the registered vascular technologists, the society provides continuing education credits accepted by the ARDMS. SNIVT provides educational support for technologists preparing for the Vascular Technology Exam through its referenced study outlines. Society of Nuclear Medicine 136 MaUiSOn Avenue New York, NY 10016-6784 212-889-0717 Contact: Henry L. Ernstthal, Executive Director The Society of Nuclear Medicine (SNM) is a multidisciplinary organization of physi- cians, physicists, chemists, radiopharmacists, technologists, and others interested in the diagnostic, therapeutic, and investigational use of radioactive and stable nuclides. Founded in 1954, it is the largest scientific organization dedicated to nuclear medicine with over 10,500 members world-wide. The society has established special interest councils that function autonomously within the society. The Cardiovascular Council addresses performance and application of cardiovascular nuclear medicine procedures. The Computer Council is concerned with computer applications in diagnostic, therapeutic, and investigative areas of nuclear medicine. The Correlative Imaging Council is interested in developing and disseminat- ing information on medical and physiological applications of various imaging modal- ities. The Instrumentation Council promotes advancement and dissemination of knowledge of instrumentation used in nuclear medicine. The Radioassay Council is concerned with the scientific, economic, and historic elements of the radioassay disci- pline. The Radiopharmaceutical Science Council addresses dissemination of informa- tion relating to the radiopharmaceutical sciences and encourages basic radiopharma- ceutical research and development. The Academic Council promotes education in the field. SNM has participated in technology assessments conducted by other institutions by forming ad hoc committees to address specific issues referred to it by such organiza- tions as the American Medical Association and the Council of Medical Speciality Societies. The society recently formed a committee on positron emission tomography (PET) to examine the literature on PET scanning and to inquire as to its applications that improve patient management. Scientific data pertaining to assessment is published in SNM's journal of Nuclear Medicine and as part of other ongoing educational activities through its annual and other meetings and publications. Sweclish National Center for Technology Assessment in Health Care Drottning Gatan 16 ~ ~ ~ 5 ~ Stockholm Sweden (46-~) 24-05-65 Contact: Egon P. {onsson, Ph.D., Director 598

ORGANIZATIONAL SOURCES The Swedish National Center for Medical Technology Assessment was established in 1987 and will begin operations in 1988. An independent government agency, it reports to the cabinet level of government, rather than being part of a particular ministry. The . , ,,,, ~.~. center's first-year budget is approximately >1.5 million. The major purpose of the center is to enhance and coordinate health care technology assessment activities in Sweden. It was established in response to increased internation- al interest in medical technology assessment and considerations of rising health care costs. Significant impetus to the center's formation arose from concern regarding the purportedly slow pace at which certain technologies have diffused in Sweden; an enhanced assessment capacity has been advanced as an appropriate means for enabling worthy technologies to diffuse more readily. Further, the center is intended to improve the transfer of information about medical technologies from the biomedical research community to health care providers and the public. The governing board of the National center includes representation from the Ministry of Health, Medical Research Council, National Board of Health and Welfare, Federa- tion of the County Councils, Swedish Planning and Rationalization Institute for the Health and Social Services (SPRI), Swedish Medical Association, and Swedish College of Physicians. The center's program will address medical, economic, social, and ethical aspects of new and established technologies used for diagnosis and treatment. Assessments conducted by the center will largely involve syntheses of existing information, and it may purchase data from other organizations and encourage them to conduct assessments on certain topics. The center intends to coordinate its activities with similar organizations in other nations, such as the U.S. Office of Technology Assessment and the Council on Health Care Technology of the Institute of Medicine. Technology Assessment and Forecast Program U.S. Patent and Trademark Office CM2-3 1 3 Washington, DC 20231 703-557-0433 Contact: lane Myers, Office of Documentation The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) established the Technology Assessment and Forecast Program (TAF) to stimulate the use and enhance the usability of the patent file, and to assemble, analyze, and make available meaningful data about the file. TAF uses the database in two principal ways. First, it periodically issues general distri- bution publications. One series of publications, the Technology Assessment Forecast Reports, have included reviews of highly active technological areas and areas experiencing high levels of patenting by foreign residents, profiles of the patenting patterns of the residents of selected foreign countries and U.S. states, reviews of the patent activity of the most active patent assignees, and comparisons of patent activity with economic activity in selected Standard Industrial Classification categories. Another series of publications, Patent Profiles, surveys the U.S. patenting activity in specific technologies. 599

MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT DIRECTORY One such profile is Biotechnology: 1982 Update; others address such topics as robots, telecommunications, and microelectronics. The second principal use of the TAF data- base is to prepare custom data reports tailored to individual needs. These reports, provided on a cost reimbursable basis, are used by government agencies and the private sector. One such custom report was a technology profile report on genetic engineering, an analysis of patent activity in this area from 1963 to 1986. United States Pha~macopeial Convention ~ 260 ~ Twinbrook Parkway Rockville, MD 20852 301-881-0666 Contact: Diane M. McGinnis, Assistant Coordinator, Practitioner Reporting System The U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention (USP) is an private, nonprofit body of 300 delegates representing state and national associations and colleges of medicine, nurs- ing, and pharmacy; industry; and agencies of the federal government. Incorporated in 1900, the purposes of USP are to set standards for health care products in the U.S. and to collect and disseminate product use information to providers and consumers. Every five years, USP publishes revised standards for drugs in The United States Pharma- copeza and The National Formulary. These standards are recognized as official by the federal government and are enforceable by the FDA. The standards include specif~ca- tions pertaining to drug strength, quality, purity, packaging, and labeling. USP provides official drug reference standards, which are highly characterized speci- mens of drugs, impurities, and degradation products. USP laboratories test and moni- tor these standards, and develop analytical procedures and tests of proposed revisions of tests and assays. USP publications include USP DI Volume I: Drug Information for the Health Care Provider and USP DI Volume II: Advice for the Patient. Other publications are the consumer edition of the reference volumes About Your Medicines, the bimonthly newsletter About Your Medicines, and various brochures and books. The Drug Product Problem Reporting Program (DlPl?R) and the Medical Device and Laboratory Product Problem Reporting Program (PRP) are systems funded by the FDA for identifying and correcting problems associated with prescription and over-th- e-counter drugs and medical devices, laboratory products, radiopharmaccutical drugs, and radiological devices. Problem reports are usually submitted by practitioners to the USP via toll-free telephone or reporting forms, and are forwarded to the FDA and other appropriate government and industry agents for corrective action. Addressing product quality, DPPR is one of two FDA voluntary drug problem reporting programs (the other is the Drug Experience Reporting program for adverse drug reactions). PRP is the largest single source of device experience information for the FDA's Device Experience Reporting Network. 600

ORGANIZATIONAL RESOURCES United Network for Organ Sharing 3001 Hungary Spring Road PO Box 28010 Richmond, VA 23228 804-289-0600 Contact: Robert Bowie, Director of Communications The United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) was incorporated in 1984 as a private non-profit organization, having grown out of the South-Eastern Organ Procurement Foundation. Its purpose is to provide the best possible organs to patients best suited to receive them, to the end that transplants may be successful and quality of life is sustained and improved. The UNOS computer system has transplant-related data on 10,000 potential recipi- ents, involving approximately 250 transplant centers, organ procurement organiza- tions, and laboratories in the U.S. The system matches data on newly available organs and tissues with potential recipients. UNOS uses its database to study factors affecting recipients after they have received transplants, to evaluate transplant procedures, and to improve the computer system. Linked to the computer system, the UNOS Organ Center assists procurement teams by providing information concerning potential placement of organs prior to procure- ment. With ties to transportation services, the Organ Center is the central point for organ distribution outside the U.S., and maintains relationships with transplant pro- grams worldwide. In 1984, the National Transplant Act mandated the establishment of a national com- puter transplant system. In 1986, UNOS received the federal contract to establish the national Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN). Among its tasks, OPTN is to develop and implement a transplant information systems plan, develop and maintain a potential transplant recipient registration system, match donors and recipi- ents, develop a telephone system, provide a transportation assistance system, develop organ procurement standards, conduct a high percent reactive antibodies patient transplant feasibility study, and improve professional education. UNOS is developing a population-based Scientific Registry for Organ Transplantation for reporting to the federal government about transplantation and to study risk factors ran ~ affecting transp antation outcomes. Requests by outside parties for access to the regis- try data will be considered by the UNOS scientific advisory committee. UNOS publish- es the monthly newsletter UNOS Update. University Hospital Consortium One Mid America Plaza, Suite 624 Oakbrook Terrace, rib 60 3 1 2-954-6766 Contact: Robert Baker, President 601

MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT DIRECTORY The University Hospital Consortium (UHC) is a nonprofit organization formed in 1984 to aid university teaching hospitals in their efforts to maintain and strengthen their positions in the marketplace UHC includes 43 university hospitals in 24 states with a total of 23,000 beds, 775,000 admissions per year, and 25,300 medical school enrollees. UHC seeks to promote group efforts among academic teaching hospitals concerning access to information, alternative delivery systems, capital formation, insur- ance, research, marketing, and volume-purchasing. UHC is considering methods through which its member hospitals can participate in alternative delivery systems by monitoring the development of such systems on a nationwide basis and making recommendations to its members. UHC is working to promote enhanced capital formation and improved malpractice insurance for its mem- bers. It is committed to sponsoring management research programs, information exchange, and sharing of marketing information. UHC's subsidiary, the University Hospital Consortium Services Corporation, develops agreements with providers to reduce costs to UHC institutions. It sponsors pharmacy, capital equipment, and sup- plies purchasing programs, and provides a management consulting pool. UHC is developing a program to assist health product makers and venture capitalists to conduct multi-center technology assessments at its member institutions. Such a pro- gram may enhance universities' role in develonin~ and testing technolo~ie.s once co provide a means of generating and government and the private sector. 602 -I--- -----------__ gathering data for various assessment needs of

ORGANIZATIONAL SOURCES SUBJECT INDEX TO ORGANIZATIONAL SOURCES Absorptiometry-Dual photon American College of Nuclear Physicians Aging American Geriatrics Society Anesthesiology American Society of Anesthesiologists Bioequivalency testing Generic Pharmaceutical Industry Association Biomedical engineering Alliance for Engineering in Medicine and Biolo- gY American Society of Mechanical Engineers Association for the Advancement of Medical In- strumentation Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers International Federation for Medical and Bio- logical Engineering RESNA Association for the Advancement of Rehabilitation Technology Biotechnology Association of Biotechnology Companies Blood banks American Association of Blood Banks Blood transfusion American Association of Blood Banks Clinical assessment George Washington University Medical Center Correctional institution health care American Public Health Association Decision making, Clinical Society for Medical Decision Making Dermatology American Academy of Dermatology Diagnostic imaging devices National Electrical Manufacturers Association Digestive diseases SEE Gastroenterology Drug Product Reporting Program United States Pharmacopoeial Convention Electroconvulsive therapy devices American Psychiatric Association Emergency medicine American College of Emergency Physicians End Stage Renal Disease Program Renal Physicians Association Enteral nutrition American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition Oley Foundation for Home Parenteral and En- teral Nutrition Futures research Institute for Alternative Futures Institute for the Future Gastroenterology American College of Gastroenterology 603

MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT DIRECTORY Genetic engineering Association of Biotechnology Companies Geriatric medicine American Geriatrics Society Health benefits Employee Benefit Research Institute National Association of Manufacturers Health care data National Association of Health Data Organiza- tions Health insurance Health Insurance Association of America International Federation of Voluntary Health Service Funds Health maintenance organizations American Medical Care and Review Association Group Health Association of America Health policy National Health Council Health promotion American College of Preventive Medicine American Public Health Association Health services research Association for Health Services Research Home care Oley Foundation for Home Parenteral and En- teral Nutrition Hospital management American Healthcare Institute Federation of American Health Systems Maryland Hospital Association University Hospital Consortium Hospitals Nonproprietary American Healthcare Institute Hospitals Proprietary Federation of American Health Systems Hospitals University University Hospital Consortium 604 Immunology American Society of Transplant Physicians Immunosuppressants American Council on Transplantation Individual practice associations American Medical Care and Review Association Group Health Association of America Information systems American Association for Medical Systems and Informatics Society for Medical Decision Making Internal medicine American Society of Internal Medicine Laboratories American Society of Clinical Pathologists American Society of Internal Medicine Lithium American Psychiatric Association Long term care American Geriatrics Society Magnetic resonance imaging American College of Nuclear Physicians Society of Nuclear Medicine Medical devices manufacturers Canadian Association of Manaufacturers of Medical Devices Health Industry Manufacturers Association National Electrical Manufacturers Association Medical instrumentation Association for the Advancement of Medical In strumentat~on Medical specialities Council of Medical Specialty Societies Medical systems American Association for Medical Systems and Informatics Medicare reimbursement Physician Payment Review Commission

ORGANIZATIONAL RESOURCES Mental health Association for Health Services Research Mental illnesses American Psychiatric Association Multi-hospital systems American Healthcare Institute Noninvasive vascular technology Society of Non-Invasive Vascular Technology Nuclear medicine American College of Nuclear Physicians Society of Nuclear Medicine Organ procurement SEE Tissue procurement Otolaryngology American Academy of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Parenteral nutrition American Geriatrics Society American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition Oley Foundation for Home Parenteral and En- teral Nutrition Patents Office of Technology Assessment and Forecast Pathology American Society of Clinical Pathologists Peer review organizations American Medical Care and Review Association American Medical Peer Review Association American Medical Review Research Center Pharmaceutical manufacturers Generic Pharmaceutical Industry Association Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association Pharmaceutical research Center for the Study of Drug Development Pharmaceuticals, Generic Center for the Study of Drug Development Generic Pharmaceutical Industry Association Positron emission tomography American College of Nuclear Physicians Society of Nuclear Medicine Physical medicine American Academy of Physical Medicine Postmarketing surveillance Center for the Study of Drug Development United States Pharmacopoeial Convention Preferred provider organizations American Medical Care and Review Association Preventive medicine American College of Preventive Medicine Psychiatry American Psychiatric Association Psychosocial therapy American Psychiatric Association Public health American Public Health Association Pan American Health Association Quality assurance programs American Medical Care and Review Association American Medical Peer Review Association American Medical Review Research Center American Public Health Association Maryland Hospital Association Radiation therapy devices National Electrical Manufacturers Association Radiology American College of Nuclear Physicians Society of Nuclear Medicine Radiopharmaceuticals American College of Nuclear Physicians Society of Nuclear Medicine Rehabilitation American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation RESNA Association for the Advancement of Rehabilitation Technology 605

MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT DIRECTORY Rheumatic diseases American Rheumatism Association Standards and specifications American National Standards Institute American Public Health Association American Society of Mechanical Engineers American Society for Testing and Materials Association for the Advancement of Medical In- strumentation National Electrical Manufacturers Association United States Pharmacopoeial Convention Strategic planning Institute for the Future Surgery Head American Academy of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Surgery Neck American Academy of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Surgery Orthopedic American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Technology assessment (general) Finnish Society of Technology Assessment in Health Care International Society of Technology Assess- ment in Health Care National Advisory Council on Health Care Technology Assessment Swedish National Center for Technology As- sessment in Health Care 606 Tissue banks American Association of Tissue Banks Tissue procurement American Association of Blood Banks American Association of Tissue Banks American Council on Transplantation United Network for Organ Sharing Transplantation American Council on Transplantation American Society of Transplant Physicians American Society of Transplant Surgeons United Network for Organ Sharing Ultrasound American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine Urology American Urological Association Renal Physicians Association Utilization review American Medical Review Research Center

Next: Part 5: Index to Organizations »
Medical Technology Assessment Directory: A Pilot Reference to Organizations, Assessments, and Information Resources Get This Book
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For the first time, a single reference identifies medical technology assessment programs. A valuable guide to the field, this directory contains more than 60 profiles of programs that conduct and report on medical technology assessments. Each profile includes a listing of report citations for that program, and all the reports are indexed under major subject headings. Also included is a cross-listing of technology assessment report citations arranged by type of technology headings, brief descriptions of approximately 70 information sources of potential interest to technology assessors, and addresses and descriptions of 70 organizations with memberships, activities, publications, and other functions relevant to the medical technology assessment community.

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