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The 2000 Census: Counting Under Adversity (2004)

Chapter: Appendix H: 2000 Census Long-Form-Sample Data Processing

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: 2000 Census Long-Form-Sample Data Processing." National Research Council. 2004. The 2000 Census: Counting Under Adversity. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10907.
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Appendix H

2000 Census Long-Form-Sample Data Processing

Similar to the companion Appendix G on basic data processing, this appendix describes the processing of the items that were asked of the long-form sample in the 2000 census (see Appendix B for a listing of the long-form-sample items). It covers data capture, weighting, and imputation, assignment, and editing of items for missing and inconsistent responses. About 1 in 6 households received the long form in 2000. Sampling rates were 1 in 2 for governmental areas (counties, towns, townships, and school districts) with fewer than 800 occupied housing units (fewer than about 2,100 people); 1 in 4 for governmental areas with 800–1,200 occupied housing units (about 2,100–3,100 people); 1 in 6 for census tracts with fewer than 2,000 occupied housing units (fewer than about 5,200 people); and 1 in 8 for larger census tracts. (Estimates of occupied housing units were those developed by the Population Division as part of the intercensal estimates program.) The 1990 census long-form sampling scheme was similar, except that there was no 1 in 4 sampling rate and school districts were not among the governmental areas that were eligible to be oversampled.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: 2000 Census Long-Form-Sample Data Processing." National Research Council. 2004. The 2000 Census: Counting Under Adversity. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10907.
×

H.1 DATA CAPTURE

For the 2000 census, data capture of information on questionnaires was performed by scanning short-form and long-form returns into computer files and using optical mark and optical character recognition (OMR/OCR) to record the information. Clerks keyed data items from images when the automated technology could not read the responses. Keying of long-form-sample information was carried out in a second, separate process in order to permit the fastest possible completion of data capture for the basic items on all returns.

After data capture, long-form-sample records for households and their members could fall into one of two categories:

  1. Long-Form Data-Defined At least one member of a household in the long-form sample was “long-form data-defined;” that is, at least one member had at least two long-form data items reported. All records for long-form data-defined households were retained in the sample. Any long-form housing or person items not reported, or reported inconsistently, had missing or consistent values supplied through item imputation, assignment, and editing. Imputations for any missing complete-count items that were performed during the basic data processing were retained (i.e., they were not reimputed during the long-form-sample processing).

  2. Whole-Household Nonresponse Households that lacked any long-form data-defined persons were dropped from the sample. Weights were developed for long-form data-defined households and their members so that long-form-sample estimates agreed with complete-count totals on basic items. The weighting effectively adjusted for whole-household nonresponse.

H.2 WEIGHTING

H.2.a Initial Weighting Areas

In a procedure similar to that used in 1990, 2000 long-form-sample weights were developed to produce estimates for specified groups and geographic areas that agreed with estimates from the basic (complete-count) data records. A goal of the weighting was to

Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: 2000 Census Long-Form-Sample Data Processing." National Research Council. 2004. The 2000 Census: Counting Under Adversity. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10907.
×

minimize the variation in weights, which, in turn, would minimize the variation in estimated sampling error across population groups and geographic areas. Adjusting the weights to match complete-count controls would also reduce the variance in estimates.1 The weighting was specified by the Decennial Statistical Studies Division (see Hefter, 2000; see also U.S. Census Bureau, 2003d:Ch.8).

Initial weighting steps included defining initial weighting areas and computing for each the ratio of basic records (complete-count data-defined people and whole-person and whole-household imputations) to long-form data-defined records. The purpose for the ratios was to determine if data augmentation would be needed before proceeding to calculate final weights.

Initial weighting areas (IWAs) were defined within counties. They comprised all of the records in a tabulation block group with thesameexpectedsamplingrate(1/2, 1/4, 1/6, or 1/8). Ratios were calculated of long-form data-defined records to the total records in each IWA separately for housing units, persons in group quarters, and persons counted in service-based enumeration.

H.2.b Data Augmentation

In order to achieve the target IWA ratios of sample to total records for housing units, group quarters enumerations, and service-based enumerations so that weights would not be too large, an appropriate number of records that were not previously long-form data-defined were selected to be augmented—that is, have values for their long-form data items supplied through editing, assignment, and imputation. After this first round of augmentation, IWAs were combined into final weighting areas (FWAs), and a second round of augmentation was performed as needed.

As it turned out, augmentation was rarely required in 2000: only 1,477 occupied housing units were selected for augmentation out of 16.4 million occupied units in the long-form sample (2,412 vacant housing units were also selected for augmentation). Less than 0.001 percent of long-form-sample household member records (unweighted) were augmented people (4,090 of 42.6 million records);

1  

See Fairchild (2001) for draft specifications for the estimation of direct variances for the 2000 long-form sample. These variance estimates do not account for the variance due to item imputation.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: 2000 Census Long-Form-Sample Data Processing." National Research Council. 2004. The 2000 Census: Counting Under Adversity. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10907.
×

however, 4.2 percent of group quarters long-form-sample records were augmented people. On a weighted basis, augmented household members represented only 0.002 percent of the household population estimated from the long-form sample, while augmented group quarters residents represented 11.9 percent of the group quarters population estimated from the long-form-sample. This percentage is disturbingly high. It would be useful to know how it varied by type of group quarters (e.g., college dormitory or prison).

H.2.c Final Weighting Areas

The specifications for combining IWAs into FWAs called for no FWA to have fewer than 400 long-form data-defined persons, while also observing the constraint that IWAs were never combined across counties. If an IWA had more sample persons than the threshold, it was an FWA on its own. If it had fewer sample persons, then it was combined with one or more IWAs in the same tabulation block group, or in the same census tract if necessary, or in the same county if necessary, to reach the threshold. When possible, IWAs werecombinedthathadthesameexpectedsamplingrate.

H.2.d Construction of Weights

Initial weights were calculated separately for five groups: persons in households, group quarters residents, service-based enumerations, occupied housing units, and vacant housing units. These weights were the ratio of the complete count to the long-form-sample count for each group in an IWA.

Final Person Weights

Next, person weighting matrixes were computed for each FWA. The matrix for household members included the complete count, unweighted sample count, and weighted count (based on the initial person weights) for each cell of a 4-dimensional matrix (39,312 cells). Marginal counts (complete count, unweighted, initially weighted) were also produced for each cell of each dimension separately.

The four dimensions for household members were as follows (there were simpler matrices for group quarters residents and service-based enumerations):

Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: 2000 Census Long-Form-Sample Data Processing." National Research Council. 2004. The 2000 Census: Counting Under Adversity. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10907.
×
  1. three categories of household type by seven categories of household size (21 cells);

  2. three categories of sampling type (1 in 2, 1 in 4, 1 in 6, or 1 in 8) (3 cells);

  3. two categories of householder status (householder or not) (2 cells); and

  4. two categories of Hispanic origin, by six categories of race (American Indian or Alaska Native, Black, Asian, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, White, Other, with multiple-race persons assigned to the largest nonwhite single-race category in the FWA), by 13 categories of age, by two categories of sex (312 cells).

Type of return (mail, enumerator) was not included as a dimension in the weighting matrix, although almost all non-sample-data-defined records (whole-household nonrespondents) were enumerator returns and not mail returns. Thus, members of non-sample-data-defined occupied housing units were 17.7 percent of total enumerator long-form household member records, compared with only 0.5 percent of total mail long-form household member records (from tabulations by Census Bureau staff provided to the panel spring 2003).

The cells of the household member weighting matrix were collapsed as necessary. The entire matrix was collapsed to a single cell if the complete person count in the FWA was more than 40 times the uninflated sample count. One or more cells in a single dimension were collapsed, following the process below (see Hefter, 2000:Section V.I, for the rules for combining categories within a dimension):

  • first, determine if one or more categories of the household type/size dimension needed to be collapsed (each category must have at least 10 sample persons and a ratio of complete-count persons to initially inflated sample persons of less than 3.5);

  • next, determine if the Hispanic origin classification failed (both the Hispanic and non-Hispanic categories must have at least 150 complete-count persons in addition to the criteria above for household type/size);

Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: 2000 Census Long-Form-Sample Data Processing." National Research Council. 2004. The 2000 Census: Counting Under Adversity. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10907.
×
  • next, determine if the race categories (within Hispanic origin, if still present) required collapsing (each category must meet the criteria specified for Hispanic/non-Hispanic);

  • next, determine if the age/sex classifications within Hispanic/race categories must be collapsed (each category must have at least 10 sample persons and a ratio of complete-count persons to initially inflated sample persons of less than 4);

  • next, determine if the householder/nonhouseholder dimension failed (each category must have at least 10 sample persons and a ratio of complete-count persons to initially inflated sample persons of less than 3.5);

  • finally, determine if the sampling type categories required collapsing (each must have at least 10 sample persons and a ratio of complete-count persons to initially inflated sample persons of less than 3.5).

After the final person matrix was determined for an FWA, then an iterative proportional fitting (raking) procedure was conducted, in which the initially inflated sample counts in each cell were adjusted so that the marginal cell totals for each dimension were practically equal between the complete counts and the inflated sample counts. This result was accomplished by first adjusting the initially inflated cell counts to equal the complete-count marginals for one dimension, then a second dimension, and, sequentially, through all the dimensions, followed by additional iterations as needed until a specified stopping point was reached. (See National Research Council, 1985:App.3.2, for a general description of iterative proportional fitting, which has been used in every census since 1970.)

The last step in constructing person weights was to use a controlled rounding procedure in order to produce integer weights within each state. Before approving these weights, they were tested to be sure they did not exceed specified size criteria. If they did, then a procedure was used to force additional collapsing of the person-weighting matrix, by successively lowering the maximum ratio of complete-count persons to initially inflated sample persons that was permitted.

The distribution of final long-form-sample person weights for 2000 is concentrated in the range of 3–30, with a longer upper tail for

Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: 2000 Census Long-Form-Sample Data Processing." National Research Council. 2004. The 2000 Census: Counting Under Adversity. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10907.
×

group quarters residents compared with all people, as seen below. It would be useful to analyze weight distributions and average weights for small geographic areas.

Cumulative Percent

Weight Value

All Persons

Group Quarters

1

0.45

0.02

2

4.33

0.12

3

7.34

0.44

4–10

70.58

56.76

11–20

98.06

80.23

21–30

99.60

91.70

31–40

99.91

97.89

41–50

99.97

99.22

51–max.

100.00

100.00

(Max =)

(320)

(180)

 

SOURCE: Tabulated by panel staff from U.S. Census Bureau, Edit Tallies for Long-Form Population Records (variable WT; see Philipp, 2001).

Final Occupied Household Weights

The procedure for developing occupied household weights was similar to that for persons. The only difference was in the definition of the weighting matrixes and the criteria for collapsing.

The occupied household weighting matrix consisted of three dimensions (1,512 cells):

  1. three categories of household type by seven categories of household size (21 cells);

  2. three categories of sampling type (3 cells);

  3. two categories of tenure by two categories of Hispanic/non-Hispanic origin of householder by six categories of race of householder (as defined for the person weighting) (24 cells).

The entire matrix was collapsed to a single cell if the ratio of the complete count to the unweighted sample count was more than 40 to 1 for an FWA. One or more categories of a dimension were collapsed if the marginal unweighted sample count was less than 5 or the ratio of complete-count persons to initially inflated sample persons was greater than 3.5 (for tenure, Hispanic origin, and race, collapsing also occurred if there were fewer than 50 sample cases in a

Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: 2000 Census Long-Form-Sample Data Processing." National Research Council. 2004. The 2000 Census: Counting Under Adversity. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10907.
×

cell). The collapsing proceeded by testing, sequentially, household type/size categories, tenure categories, Hispanic origin categories within tenure, race categories within tenure/Hispanic origin, and sampling type categories.

Final Vacant Housing Unit Weights

The process for developing vacant housing unit weights was not iterative. Vacant units were classified into three categories: vacant for rent, vacant for sale, other vacant. These categories were collapsed as necessary, and weights were calculated for the vacant units in each category in an FWA by inflating the initially inflated sample counts to equal the complete counts.

H.3 ITEM IMPUTATION

Imputation (using reported values from another person or household in a hot-deck procedure), assignment (using reported values for the same person or household), and editing (changing values according to specified rules for consistency) were used in 2000 for all instances of missing and inconsistent values for members of long-form-sample data-defined households (whether or not the person record was sample data-defined). These procedures were also used for all long-form-sample data-defined group quarters residents. The imputations made during the complete-count processing of basic items were retained and not reimputed in the long-form-sample data processing. The hot-deck imputation procedure is described in broad outline in Appendix G.1; the Census Bureau uses the term “allocation” for item imputation.

The edit and imputation specifications for the long-form were quite complex. Generally, related variables (e.g., the set on education, see below) were imputed sequentially so that responses to a specific question would be consistent with responses to a logically preceding question. In the case of income and employment variables, there was a “joint economic edit,” which was the most complex procedure of all (see U.S. Census Bureau, 2002b). It was carried out after all other editing and imputation had been performed and applied to year last worked, industry, occupation, class of worker, work experience in 1999, earnings, and all other income

Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: 2000 Census Long-Form-Sample Data Processing." National Research Council. 2004. The 2000 Census: Counting Under Adversity. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10907.
×

types. For yet another example of long-form-sample imputation and edit specifications, see Appendix G.2.b which describes procedures for editing and imputing housing tenure. The long-form procedures were much more complex than the short-form procedures because of the availability of related variables on the long form, such as mortgage payment and rent. For most long-form person variables, there were somewhat different procedures for household members and group quarters residents.

H.3.a Example of Edit and Imputation Specifications: Education Variables

The three education variables—school enrollment, grade attending, and educational attainment—were edited jointly (see U.S. Census Bureau, 2001a). Variables that were used for the education edits and imputations included age, race, ethnicity, whether worked last week or was on layoff or temporarily absent from work, occupation, and employment status recode. Starting (“cold-deck”) values were specified for 17 different matrices, although these values were superceded by the “warm deck,” and then were continuously updated through the “hot-deck” process (see Appendix G.1).

The first steps involved a large number of edits based on age. For example, all three education variables were set to zero (not in universe) if age (which may have been imputed in the complete-count processing) was less than 3 years. One or more of the education variables were also set to zero if the reported or imputed age was not consistent with the educational data (e.g., if age was 18 or more and school enrollment was no, then any reported value for grade attending was set to zero). These edits assumed that age reporting and imputation were reliable.

Next were edits to make educational attainment consistent with reported grade attending. For example, if grade attending was grade 1 to grade 4 and age was 8–10, but educational attainment was greater than grade 4, then educational attainment was blanked and imputed at a later step. Sometimes, it was grade attending that was blanked depending on age and reported educational attainment.

After the edits were completed, then blank values because of nonresponse or editing were imputed using the specified imputation matrix. Some matrices were simple; for example, when educational

Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: 2000 Census Long-Form-Sample Data Processing." National Research Council. 2004. The 2000 Census: Counting Under Adversity. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10907.
×

attainment was missing but school enrollment and grade attending were reported, then the imputed value for educational attainment was the hot-deck value in the appropriate cell of a matrix of categories of age by grade attending. More complex matrices handled situations when all three education variables were missing: matrix 7A imputed all three education variables for unemployed people according to the hot-deck values in the appropriate cell formed by age and race/ethnicity; matrix 7B imputed all three education variables for employed people according to the hot-deck values in the appropriate cell formed by age and occupation group.

H.3.b Analysis

Chapter 7 analyzes imputation rates for the 2000 and 1990 census long-form samples and the Census 2000 Supplementary Survey. Eight tables supplement those provided in Chapter 7. Tables H.1 through H.7 are for the household population (see National Research Council, 1995b:App.L, for similar tables for 1990): imputation rates for selected population and housing items by self versus enumerator form for 2000 and 1990 (Table H.1); imputation rates for selected population and housing items for 2000 by race and Hispanic origin of the reference person or householder (Table H.2); imputation rates for the worst 10 percent census tracts for selected population and housing items for 2000 by race and Hispanic origin of the reference person (Table H.3); imputation rates for selected population and housing items for 2000 by geographic aggregations (Table H.4); imputation rates for the worst 10 percent census tracts for selected population and housing items for 2000 by geographic aggregations (Table H.5); 2000 imputation rates, 2000 imputation and assignment rates (1990-comparable), and 1990 imputation rates for population items (Table H.6); and 2000 imputation rates, 2000 imputation and assignment rates (1990-comparable), and 1990 imputation rates for housing items (Table H.7). Table H.8 provides 2000 imputation and assignment rates and 1990 imputation rates for population items for group quarters residents by type of group quarters.

Figure H.1 graphs comparable imputation rates for 2000 and 1990 for housing items. It shows (as would a similar graph for population items) that 2000 imputation rates are higher than 1990 rates for most items. One reason relates to the fact that the percentage of long

Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: 2000 Census Long-Form-Sample Data Processing." National Research Council. 2004. The 2000 Census: Counting Under Adversity. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10907.
×

forms included in sample processing was 2 percentage points higher in 2000 than in 1990 (93.2 percent and 91.2 percent, respectively). It was easier for a household to be sample data-defined in 2000 because of the layout of the questionnaire (see discussion in Chapter 7), but, as a consequence, a larger proportion of sample data-defined forms in 2000 were only minimally completed, which produced higher imputation rates. Another and more important reason for higher imputation rates in 2000 is that the design, in contrast with 1990, precluded telephone and field follow-up for missing content (see discussion in Chapter 4). Users should examine both weighting factors and imputation rates to assess the effects of nonresponse on the variability and possible bias of estimates from the 2000 and 1990 long-form samples.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: 2000 Census Long-Form-Sample Data Processing." National Research Council. 2004. The 2000 Census: Counting Under Adversity. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10907.
×

Table H.1 Imputation/Assignment Rates for Selected Population and Housing Items, 2000 and 1990 Census Long-Form Sample, Household Members, by Type of Response: Household Respondent (Self) vs. Enumerator-Filled (Enum) (weighted)

 

2000

1990

Item

Total

Self (75.5%)

Enum (24.5%)

Total

Self (73.1%)

Enum (26.9%)

Relationship

2.7

2.6

3.0

1.9

1.7

2.4

Sex

1.6

1.5

2.0

0.8

0.9

0.7

Race

3.2

3.7

2.0

1.1

1.0

1.6

Age

2.6

1.9

4.3

0.9

0.8

1.2

Marital Status

3.4

2.3

6.2

0.9

0.8

0.9

Hispanic Origin

4.0

4.7

2.4

3.4

4.0

1.7

Place of Birth

9.2

7.8

12.5

5.1

4.3

7.1

Educational Attainment

7.2

5.2

12.0

4.5

3.8

6.1

English-Speaking Ability

7.6

7.3

7.9

8.5

8.3

9.0

Veteran Status

8.2

6.8

11.8

4.8

4.0

7.0

Work Disability

11.4

12.2

9.3

7.4

7.4

7.6

Mobility Disability

10.0

10.5

8.6

5.1

4.7

6.4

Self-Care Disability

7.9

7.4

9.1

5.8

5.5

6.7

Employment Status Recode

11.1

10.2

13.4

3.8

3.0

6.2

Place of Work (Place)

10.6

8.0

16.8

9.7

8.7

12.5

Occupation Last Year

16.1

14.3

20.4

9.1

7.9

12.5

All Income Imputed

24.5

18.9

38.5

11.7

9.1

19.1

Some Income Imputed

29.7

25.5

40.3

13.4

10.9

20.5

Housing Tenure

8.0

7.6

8.9

1.4

1.4

1.4

Number of Rooms

6.2

6.2

6.4

0.4

0.4

0.5

Complete Plumbing

3.4

3.5

3.1

1.7

1.7

1.8

Complete Kitchen

3.4

3.5

3.1

1.8

1.8

1.8

Fuel Used for Heating

7.4

6.3

10.1

2.9

2.7

3.4

Annual Electric Cost

18.5

15.3

26.9

5.5

4.4

8.5

Monthly Rent

15.6

13.2

19.2

1.3

1.1

1.6

Property Taxes

32.0

27.0

49.6

12.2

10.3

19.4

Value of Property

13.3

12.3

16.6

3.3

3.3

3.4

NOTES: 2000 rates include both assignments and imputations and are therefore comparable to 1990. Work and mobility disability items differ in wording between 2000 and 1990. Imputation rates for employment status recode include only cases for which none of the half-dozen relevant questions were answered. Some income imputed includes 100 percent and less than 100 percent imputed.

SOURCE: Tabulations by U.S. Census Bureau staff from the 2000 Sample Census Edited File (SCEF) and the 1990 Sample Edited Data File (SEDF), provided to the panel spring 2003.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: 2000 Census Long-Form-Sample Data Processing." National Research Council. 2004. The 2000 Census: Counting Under Adversity. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10907.
×

Table H.2 Imputation Rates for Selected Population and Housing Items, 2000 Census Long-Form Sample, Household Members, by Race and Hispanic Origin of Household Reference Person (weighted)

 

 

Non-Hispanic

Variable

Total (273,643)

White (191,994)

Black (32,380)

Am. Ind. (1,987)

Asian (9,630)

Pacific Isl. (339)

Other (336)

Multi (3,579)

Hispanic (33,397)

Relationship

2.3

1.5

3.8

3.2

3.2

4.1

3.3

2.9

4.6

Sex

0.9

0.6

1.7

1.6

1.4

2.1

1.3

1.2

2.0

Race

3.2

1.6

2.7

3.0

3.3

6.7

5.5

2.7

13.1

Age

2.6

2.0

4.2

3.4

3.5

5.0

4.8

3.4

4.5

Hispanic Origin

3.6

2.7

7.5

5.3

6.0

8.2

6.0

4.7

4.4

Number of Rooms

6.2

5.2

8.8

7.0

11.0

11.1

9.8

7.0

9.6

Housing Tenure

4.3

4.0

6.1

4.2

3.1

4.8

6.9

4.2

4.4

Value of Property

13.3

12.9

17.6

15.2

10.4

14.8

21.7

14.1

13.0

Monthly Rent

15.6

14.3

20.2

14.4

14.1

15.5

20.7

16.6

15.5

Complete Plumbing

3.4

3.1

4.9

3.4

2.9

4.9

5.3

3.5

4.2

Complete Kitchen

3.4

3.1

4.8

3.4

2.9

4.8

5.3

3.4

4.1

Fuel Used for Heating

7.4

6.6

10.4

9.9

7.8

9.3

11.9

9.1

9.6

Annual Electric Cost

17.1

16.1

23.4

15.6

13.9

18.6

26.3

18.7

18.1

Property Taxes

32.0

29.7

47.3

55.2

31.5

43.4

49.4

39.6

40.6

Place of Birth

9.2

8.2

14.1

9.1

7.8

12.0

13.7

10.2

10.2

Educational Attainment

7.2

5.6

10.8

8.2

9.0

11.2

13.3

9.1

12.4

English-Speaking Ability

7.6

10.0

11.7

7.1

5.2

9.3

8.1

7.1

6.8

Veteran Status

7.5

6.3

11.6

7.4

8.6

10.6

11.7

8.7

10.5

Work Disability

11.4

10.7

15.5

9.9

10.5

12.7

13.5

10.6

12.4

Physical Activity Disability

7.6

6.7

11.1

7.7

7.8

10.3

11.5

8.3

9.6

Self-Care Disability

7.9

6.9

11.2

8.0

8.1

10.6

12.0

8.6

10.0

Employment Status Recode

11.1

9.7

16.4

10.5

11.8

13.8

15.5

12.0

15.3

Place of Work (Place)

10.6

9.3

16.0

11.6

11.0

14.8

19.1

13.1

14.5

Occupation Last Year

14.9

12.9

22.5

14.8

15.2

17.8

22.0

16.4

20.3

All Income Imputed

24.5

22.7

33.2

24.6

20.8

28.4

36.8

28.4

28.1

Some Income Imputed

29.7

27.8

39.5

28.8

25.4

32.2

40.5

32.5

33.5

NOTES: Number at the top of each column in parentheses is the population in thousands.

SOURCE: Tabulations by U.S.Census Bureau staff from the 2000 Sample Census Edited File (SCEF) and the 1990 Sample Edited Data File (SEDF), provided to the panel spring 2003.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: 2000 Census Long-Form-Sample Data Processing." National Research Council. 2004. The 2000 Census: Counting Under Adversity. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10907.
×

Table H.3 Imputation Rates for Selected Population and Housing Items, 2000 Census Long-Form Sample, Household Members, 10% Worst Census Tracts, by Race and Hispanic Origin of Reference Person (weighted)

 

 

Non-Hispanic

Variable

Total (23,517)

White (6,312)

Black (6,557)

Am. Ind. (271)

Asian (1,178)

Pacific Isl. (52)

Other (68)

Multi (436)

Hispanic (8,643)

Relationship

4.9

2.6

5.0

7.0

5.5

5.6

4.4

4.6

6.3

Sex

2.4

1.2

2.4

4.5

2.9

3.0

1.8

2.1

3.1

Race

8.1

2.9

3.7

6.0

5.4

8.3

6.4

4.1

15.9

Age

5.0

3.2

5.4

7.0

5.7

6.8

5.5

5.5

5.9

Hispanic Origin

6.3

4.0

9.3

9.4

9.1

8.7

6.5

7.0

5.3

Number of Rooms

9.6

6.7

10.9

10.8

12.3

13.7

11.5

9.9

11.4

Housing Tenure

5.9

5.0

7.6

6.3

4.5

5.3

7.4

5.9

5.3

Value of Property

17.4

15.9

21.7

20.2

15.1

18.9

26.9

19.0

15.7

Monthly Rent

20.3

17.3

24.5

18.5

17.9

19.8

24.0

21.6

18.3

Complete Plumbing

5.3

4.1

6.5

5.7

4.7

5.3

7.0

5.4

5.5

Complete Kitchen

5.2

4.1

6.4

5.7

4.6

5.1

7.0

5.4

5.3

Fuel Used for Heating

11.3

8.7

13.3

14.0

11.6

10.6

13.9

13.2

12.3

Annual Electric Cost

21.2

17.7

26.8

17.5

17.4

18.8

26.5

22.4

20.3

Property Taxes

42.3

35.3

50.4

78.0

40.0

47.4

57.0

48.4

45.1

Place of Birth

13.5

11.1

17.8

13.6

11.4

14.6

15.5

14.3

12.3

Educational Attainment

12.9

8.3

14.0

14.1

13.8

14.1

15.0

14.0

15.3

English- Speaking Ability

8.7

9.0

14.3

10.3

8.0

10.8

10.3

10.0

8.4

Veteran Status

11.8

8.5

14.3

11.2

12.5

12.7

13.3

12.7

12.7

Work Disability

14.8

12.5

18.3

12.5

13.9

13.3

13.5

13.9

14.2

Physical Activity Disability

11.5

8.7

13.9

12.0

11.4

11.7

12.2

11.8

11.8

Self-Care Disability

11.8

9.0

14.1

12.3

11.9

11.7

12.6

12.3

12.2

Employment Status Recode

16.6

12.3

19.7

14.4

16.5

16.3

17.3

16.6

18.1

Place of Work (Place)

16.5

11.5

20.4

15.4

16.6

17.4

21.5

19.6

18.5

Occupation Last Year

22.3

15.9

27.2

18.7

21.7

20.7

25.3

22.7

24.5

All Income Imputed

30.8

25.4

36.9

28.1

25.8

31.7

36.9

33.8

31.2

Some Income Imputed

36.5

30.6

43.6

32.5

31.0

35.5

40.8

37.9

37.0

NOTES: Number at the top of each column in parentheses is the population in thousands. Worst 10 percent census tracts are those tracts with the highest number of imputations of basic (complete-count) items.

SOURCE: Tabulations by U.S.Census Bureau staff from the 2000 Sample Census Edited File (SCEF) and the 1990 Sample Edited Data File (SEDF), provided to the panel spring 2003.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: 2000 Census Long-Form-Sample Data Processing." National Research Council. 2004. The 2000 Census: Counting Under Adversity. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10907.
×

Table H.4 Imputation Rates for Selected Population and Housing Items, 2000 Census Long-Form Sample, Household Members, by Geographic Aggregations (weighted)

 

 

In CMSA

In MSA

Non-MSA

Variable

Total (273,643)

Cent. City (38,064)

Other (69,012)

Cent. City (44,423)

Other (68,740)

Urban (21,271)

Rural (32,133)

Relationship

2.3

3.6

2.2

2.4

1.8

1.9

1.9

Sex

0.9

1.6

0.9

1.0

0.7

0.7

0.7

Race

3.2

5.8

3.4

3.5

2.3

2.4

1.8

Age

2.6

3.8

2.5

2.8

2.2

2.4

2.3

Hispanic Origin

3.6

5.1

3.3

3.9

3.0

3.4

3.6

Number of Rooms

6.2

7.8

6.2

6.1

5.7

5.5

6.3

Housing Tenure

4.3

4.7

3.7

3.9

4.3

4.1

5.5

Value of Property

13.3

13.9

11.1

12.0

13.2

13.4

18.0

Monthly Rent

15.6

18.2

14.8

14.8

14.3

14.6

16.3

Complete Plumbing

3.4

4.2

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.1

3.8

Complete Kitchen

3.4

4.1

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.1

3.8

Fuel Used for Heating

7.4

9.3

6.5

7.0

6.8

6.8

9.3

Annual Electric Cost

17.1

19.5

16.5

16.8

16.4

16.7

17.7

Property Taxes

32.0

35.2

27.8

32.5

32.1

31.6

36.9

Place of Birth

9.2

11.9

8.7

9.8

8.5

8.5

8.5

Educational Attainment

7.2

10.5

6.9

7.4

6.3

6.3

6.4

English-Speaking Ability

7.6

7.5

6.8

7.3

8.5

8.1

11.2

Veteran Status

7.5

10.1

6.9

7.7

6.7

7.0

7.1

Work Disability

11.4

13.4

10.8

11.5

10.8

11.2

11.4

Physical Activity Disability

7.6

9.7

7.1

7.9

7.1

7.2

7.5

Self-Care Disability

7.9

10.0

7.4

8.0

7.3

7.3

7.7

Employment Status Recode

11.1

14.3

10.3

11.3

10.2

10.7

11.1

Place of Work (Place)

10.6

13.6

10.6

9.8

9.9

9.1

10.8

Occupation Last Year

14.9

18.9

14.0

15.1

13.8

14.0

15.1

All Income Imputed

24.5

27.3

23.2

24.0

23.8

23.7

26.4

Some Income Imputed

29.7

33.0

28.2

29.3

28.7

29.2

31.7

NOTES: Number at the top of each column in parentheses is the population in thousands. CMSA: Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area; MSA: Metropolitan Statistical Area; Cent. City: Central City.

SOURCE: Tabulations by U.S. Census Bureau staff from the 2000 Sample Census Edited File (SCEF) and the 1990 Sample Edited Data File (SEDF), provided to the panel spring 2003.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: 2000 Census Long-Form-Sample Data Processing." National Research Council. 2004. The 2000 Census: Counting Under Adversity. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10907.
×

Table H.5 Imputation Rates for Selected Population and Housing Items, 2000 Census Long-Form Sample, Household Members, Worst 10% Census Tracts, by Geographic Aggregations (weighted)

 

 

In CMSA

In MSA

Non-MSA

Variable

Total (23,517)

Cent. City (11,136)

Other (3,839)

Cent. City (3,591)

Other (2,978)

Urban (659)

Rural (1,314)

Relationship

4.9

5.2

5.5

4.5

4.1

3.3

3.8

Sex

2.4

2.5

2.7

2.1

2.0

1.5

2.1

Race

8.1

8.6

9.9

7.5

7.0

5.0

4.1

Age

5.0

5.3

5.4

4.9

4.3

3.8

4.1

Hispanic Origin

6.3

7.1

5.8

6.3

4.9

4.9

5.6

Number of Rooms

9.6

10.3

10.2

8.7

8.7

7.3

8.0

Housing Tenure

5.9

6.3

5.2

5.3

5.5

5.0

6.8

Value of Property

17.4

18.7

15.1

16.3

16.7

15.2

19.5

Monthly Rent

20.3

22.0

17.9

18.3

16.5

17.8

17.9

Complete Plumbing

5.3

5.9

4.9

4.5

4.7

3.9

4.7

Complete Kitchen

5.2

5.8

4.8

4.5

4.7

3.9

4.7

Fuel Used for Heating

11.3

12.9

10.0

9.9

9.5

8.6

11.2

Annual Electric Cost

21.2

23.7

19.1

20.2

17.8

16.9

18.8

Property Taxes

42.3

44.5

39.6

43.4

40.4

39.1

42.2

Place of Birth

13.5

15.2

12.2

13.1

11.3

10.3

10.8

Educational Attainment

12.9

14.4

12.8

11.9

11.0

9.0

9.3

English-Speaking Ability

8.7

9.0

8.5

8.5

8.1

7.3

9.6

Veteran Status

11.8

13.3

11.2

11.4

9.9

8.8

8.7

Work Disability

14.8

16.2

13.8

14.4

12.7

11.7

11.6

Physical Activity Disability

11.5

12.7

10.8

11.1

10.1

8.9

9.4

Self-Care Disability

11.8

13.1

11.1

11.4

10.2

9.1

9.6

Employment Status Recode

16.6

18.5

15.9

16.1

14.0

12.5

12.3

Place of Work (Place)

16.5

18.7

16.6

14.4

14.1

11.6

12.2

Occupation Last Year

22.3

24.8

21.7

21.6

18.8

16.4

16.4

All Income Imputed

30.8

32.7

29.3

30.0

27.8

27.1

29.3

Some Income Imputed

36.5

38.9

34.8

35.8

32.7

32.1

34.2

NOTES: Number at the top of each column in parentheses is the population in thousands. Worst 10 percent census tracts are those tracts with the highest number of imputations of basic (complete-count) items. CMSA: Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area; MSA: Metropolitan Statistical Area; Cent. City: Central City.

SOURCE: Tabulations by U.S.Census Bureau staff from the 2000 Sample Census Edited File (SCEF) and the 1990 Sample Edited Data File (SEDF), provided to the panel spring 2003.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: 2000 Census Long-Form-Sample Data Processing." National Research Council. 2004. The 2000 Census: Counting Under Adversity. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10907.
×

Table H.6 Imputation Rates for Population Items, 2000 and 1990 Census Long-Form Sample, Household Members (weighted)

Variable

2000a

2000b

1990

Variable

2000a

2000b

1990

Relationship

2.3

2.7

1.9

Veteran Status

7.5

7.5

4.8

Sex

0.9

1.6

0.8

Active Duty Periods

9.8

10.3

6.1

Age

2.6

2.6

0.9

Years of Active Duty

9.1

9.1

17.5

Hispanic Origin

3.6

4.0

3.4

Employment Status Recode

11.1

11.1

3.8

Race

3.2

3.2

1.1

Place of Work (State)

9.7

9.7

7.2

Marital Status

2.2

3.4

0.9

Place of Work (County)

10.1

10.1

7.9

Attending School

6.2

6.2

4.2

Place of Work (MCD)

10.8

10.8

10.3

Grade Level Attending

9.0

9.0

Place of Work (Place)

10.6

10.6

9.7

Educational Attainment

7.2

7.2

4.5

Place of Work (Tract)

10.2

10.2

Non-English Language

5.2

5.8

4.8

Place of Work (Block)

10.2

10.2

Language Spoken

11.4

11.4

11.9

Means to Work

7.6

8.2

4.6

English-Speaking Ability

7.6

7.6

8.5

Vehicle Occupancy

10.0

10.0

4.9

Place of Birth

9.2

9.2

5.1

Departure Time

15.0

15.8

10.8

Citizenship

0.8

5.2

4.2

Travel Time

11.8

12.3

6.9

Year of Entry

14.7

14.7

8.9

When Last Worked

11.5

14.8

6.6

Mobility Status

5.8

8.6

5.2

Industry Last Year

14.9

15.2

8.0

Migration (State)

8.6

8.6

5.7

Occupation Last Year

14.9

16.1

9.1

Migration (County)

8.6

8.6

7.5

Class of Worker Last Year

17.0

17.6

9.0

Migration (MCD)

7.6

Worked Last Year

9.4

13.6

13.5

Migration (Place)

8.8

8.8

9.6

Weeks Worked

19.3

20.2

14.7

Sensory Disability

6.9

6.9

Hours per Week Worked

17.4

18.1

14.5

Physical Activity Disability

7.6

7.7

Wages or Salary Income

20.0

20.0

10.0

Mental Disability

7.5

7.5

Self Employment Income

9.9

9.9

6.4

Self-Care Disability

7.9

7.9

5.8

Interest Income

20.8

20.8

8.1

Outside Difficulty

9.9

10.0

5.1

Social Security Income

8.7

8.7

8.0

Work Disability

11.4

11.4

7.4

Supplemental Security Income

19.0

19.0

6.4

Grandchildren

4.5

5.1

Public Assistance Income

18.2

18.2

7.5

Responsible for Grandchildren

15.3

15.3

Retirement Income

18.8

18.8

7.7

Other Income

18.3

18.3

7.6

How Long Responsible?

17.8

17.8

All Income Imputed

24.5

24.5

9.1

NOTES: 2000a rates include imputations only, 2000b rates include imputations and assignments (comparable to 1990).—; not available.

SOURCE: Tabulations by U.S.Census Bureau staff from the 2000 Sample Census Edited File (SCEF) and the 1990 Sample Edited Data File (SEDF), provided to the panel spring 2003.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: 2000 Census Long-Form-Sample Data Processing." National Research Council. 2004. The 2000 Census: Counting Under Adversity. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10907.
×

Table H.7 Imputation Rates for Housing Items, 2000 and 1990 Census Long-Form Sample, Household Members (weighted)

Variable

2000a

2000b

1990

Housing Tenure

4.3

8.0

1.4

Building Type

4.4

4.4

1.6

Year Built

11.7

11.7

23.0

Year Moved In

6.2

6.2

2.9

Number of Rooms

6.2

6.2

0.4

Number of Bedrooms

8.9

10.2

7.5

Complete Plumbing

3.4

3.4

1.7

Complete Kitchen

3.4

3.4

1.8

Telephone Service

4.3

4.3

1.9

Fuel Used for Heating

7.4

7.4

2.9

Automobiles

6.2

6.2

2.2

Business on Property

8.2

8.2

2.4

How Many Acres?

10.6

10.6

4.4

Agricultural Sales

14.3

14.3

13.7

Annual Electric Cost

17.1

18.5

5.5

Annual Gas Cost

23.9

24.7

10.7

Annual Water Cost

19.6

21.8

7.3

Other Fuel Cost

28.7

31.9

17.5

Monthly Rent

15.6

15.6

1.3

Rent Includes Meals?

7.9

7.9

5.1

Mortgage?

6.0

18.6

5.7

Mortgage Payment

19.6

22.4

5.5

Payment Includes Taxes?

16.0

17.1

6.0

Payment Includes Insurance?

17.2

17.4

6.2

Second Mortgage?

11.8

16.0

5.1

Second Mortgage Payment

23.9

23.9

8.1

Property Taxes

32.0

32.0

12.2

Insurance Cost

36.6

36.6

16.8

Value of Property

13.3

13.3

3.3

Mobile Home Installment Loan

0.2

44.5

Mobile Home Costs

63.5

63.5

41.8

NOTES: 2000a rates include imputations only, 2000b rates include imputations and assignments (comparable to 1990).—; not available.

SOURCE: Tabulations by U.S. Census Bureau staff from the 2000 Sample Census Edited File (SCEF) and the 1990 Sample Edited Data File (SEDF), provided to the panel spring 2003.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: 2000 Census Long-Form-Sample Data Processing." National Research Council. 2004. The 2000 Census: Counting Under Adversity. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10907.
×

Table H.8 Imputation/Assignment Rates (percents) for Selected Population Items for Group Quarters Residents, 2000 and 1990 Long-Form Samples, by Type of Group Quarters (weighted)

Type of Group Quarters and Year

Sex

Age

Hispanic Origin

Race

Marital Status

Attend School

Grade Attend

Highest Grade

Total

 

2000

3.0

3.8

8.0

4.5

18.0

31.9

30.0

39.3

1990

0.6

1.5

7.6

1.8

4.2

15.3

17.9

Prisons

 

2000

2.7

5.5

11.8

5.4

30.9

47.7

70.1

53.8

1990

1.1

2.1

16.8

2.7

11.1

28.9

24.6

Juvenile Institutions

 

2000

2.9

3.7

8.2

5.2

21.4

37.4

38.3

43.6

1990

0.6

3.3

5.0

2.0

2.6

12.6

13.7

Nursing Homes

 

2000

3.4

1.8

5.1

1.5

17.7

33.1

89.1

51.7

1990

0.3

0.8

4.7

1.0

2.8

20.0

32.6

Hospitals and Schools for Handicapped

 

2000

4.6

10.9

8.8

4.8

21.9

39.8

65.4

52.8

1990

0.6

1.2

9.4

2.1

4.6

25.8

30.7

College Dormitories

 

2000

1.9

3.4

7.1

5.4

8.1

20.7

20.2

19.2

1990

0.2

1.3

3.4

1.4

1.2

3.2

2.8

Military Quarters

 

2000

1.7

1.7

4.2

4.9

2.9

4.6

99.8

3.8

1990

0.5

0.9

7.1

1.4

1.5

6.4

5.4

Shelters

 

2000

5.1

4.7

15.5

9.2

14.1

24.7

40.9

28.2

1990

2.1

3.3

20.3

5.6

13.3

23.1

20.6

Group Homes

 

2000

4.1

2.9

6.7

3.5

17.6

30.1

49.8

42.2

1990

1.3

1.7

7.8

2.2

3.9

18.3

21.2

Other Group Quarters

 

2000

4.4

3.7

6.6

4.5

19.4

32.0

47.6

42.9

1990

1.3

2.6

7.1

3.4

5.0

16.9

17.2

Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: 2000 Census Long-Form-Sample Data Processing." National Research Council. 2004. The 2000 Census: Counting Under Adversity. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10907.
×

Type of Group Quarters and Year

Speak Another Lang.

Language Spoken

English Speaking Ability

Place of Birth

Citizenship

Year Entered U.S.

Where Lived 5 Years Ago

State 5 Yrs. Ago

Total

 

2000

39.2

38.3

33.9

40.2

36.5

29.8

44.9

42.8

1990

18.2

27.7

22.1

19.2

14.0

30.1

18.1

19.3

Prisons

 

2000

58.3

59.2

56.8

54.0

53.0

50.4

70.6

66.7

1990

29.8

35.7

29.8

31.7

24.7

38.0

33.5

32.8

Juvenile Institutions

 

2000

44.4

38.0

34.1

46.2

42.1

37.9

49.9

51.5

1990

16.2

25.6

18.6

18.4

12.1

25.2

16.2

21.9

Nursing Homes

 

2000

46.6

46.0

36.8

49.2

42.4

49.1

47.4

50.7

1990

25.5

34.8

26.8

25.5

18.8

46.2

23.9

29.2

Hospitals and Schools for Handicapped

 

2000

50.7

47.5

40.2

54.3

47.4

41.1

53.7

59.7

1990

30.3

43.4

34.0

32.4

24.2

46.0

28.7

38.7

College Dormitories

 

2000

20.6

19.0

16.3

22.2

19.9

11.3

23.7

23.9

1990

5.8

14.2

11.0

6.7

3.9

11.7

4.7

6.5

Military Quarters

 

2000

4.1

7.7

4.1

5.4

3.8

10.6

12.8

6.3

1990

7.1

12.5

8.1

6.8

5.5

12.2

7.0

7.4

Shelters

 

2000

28.0

31.4

24.2

35.2

32.9

27.1

45.0

34.1

1990

24.0

40.1

32.0

29.3

19.8

42.1

26.5

29.6

Group Homes

 

2000

38.3

43.0

35.3

45.3

36.4

33.0

42.3

46.4

1990

20.4

31.3

22.1

24.2

15.7

35.1

21.0

24.4

Other Group Quarters

 

2000

39.4

34.2

29.7

43.8

38.1

21.6

43.7

47.2

1990

18.3

22.9

20.5

18.7

14.5

26.2

18.9

23.3

Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: 2000 Census Long-Form-Sample Data Processing." National Research Council. 2004. The 2000 Census: Counting Under Adversity. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10907.
×

 

Disability

Grandchildren

Type of Group Quarters and Year

Senses

Physical Activity

Mental

Self Care

Mobility

Work

In Home

Responsible for

Total

 

2000

44.2

45.4

45.1

45.6

46.9

47.7

30.0

25.2

1990

17.3

16.7

18.1

Prisons

 

2000

58.2

63.5

63.7

64.8

66.2

66.7

36.5

18.7

1990

33.1

31.5

34.2

Juvenile Institutions

 

2000

43.3

45.1

45.9

46.2

47.9

48.4

1990

19.8

18.7

18.2

Nursing Homes

 

2000

46.9

45.4

45.3

45.2

47.4

49.0

44.0

48.6

1990

21.6

21.2

23.0

Hospitals and Schools for Handicapped

 

2000

56.0

55.3

54.6

55.1

56.2

57.3

47.4

25.3

1990

28.1

27.3

27.7

College Dormitories

 

2000

21.8

22.1

21.9

22.1

22.3

22.7

0.5

15.7

1990

6.6

6.3

6.0

Military Quarters

 

2000

83.3

14.8

1990

Shelters

 

2000

30.5

32.1

29.7

30.8

32.2

33.3

39.3

14.9

1990

26.5

25.1

32.8

Group Homes

 

2000

38.8

38.7

37.4

38.3

39.1

40.1

31.2

28.5

1990

20.0

19.2

25.8

Other Group Quarters

 

2000

40.8

41.3

40.3

40.8

42.5

43.8

33.2

23.9

1990

18.2

17.4

21.2

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: 2000 Census Long-Form-Sample Data Processing." National Research Council. 2004. The 2000 Census: Counting Under Adversity. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10907.
×

Type of Group Quarters and Year

Veteran Status

Years Served

Employment Recode

Place of Work (State)

How Get to Work

Use Carpool?

Time Leave for Work

When Last Worked

Total

 

2000

39.6

35.7

5.5

11.4

12.0

14.4

20.0

45.8

1990

18.0

32.1

5.1

14.1

12.1

14.6

21.9

30.1

Prisons

 

2000

57.5

54.5

70.2

1990

29.2

37.4

4.7

73.7

84.6

86.7

85.8

60.7

Juvenile Institutions

 

2000

41.6

62.7

51.9

1990

16.0

59.3

0.2

14.3

14.2

50.9

41.1

44.5

Nursing Homes

 

2000

48.6

52.7

50.1

1990

27.1

46.5

0.1

17.0

17.8

17.7

23.0

38.8

Hospitals and Schools for Handicapped

 

2000

50.5

39.0

54.5

1990

27.9

43.6

21.7

28.0

71.4

44.6

47.8

College Dormitories

 

2000

21.6

30.1

9.3

9.6

10.3

13.0

18.0

24.8

1990

5.7

20.8

6.6

10.2

7.7

8.3

17.8

9.7

Military Quarters

 

2000

1.8

9.4

3.8

9.0

8.7

10.0

18.0

15.1

1990

2.5

26.3

10.0

8.4

11.3

18.1

4.1

Shelters

 

2000

31.1

30.5

20.5

21.3

20.5

22.2

29.1

35.6

1990

25.8

32.9

27.6

36.0

30.9

33.6

44.2

35.1

Group Homes

 

2000

38.3

43.6

10.8

12.5

13.8

15.0

20.5

43.4

1990

20.1

28.2

14.1

27.3

24.7

26.6

32.0

33.9

Other Group Quarters

 

2000

40.2

49.7

22.1

24.9

28.5

33.9

36.3

46.2

1990

18.7

42.9

20.6

24.2

23.1

26.7

33.6

23.5

Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: 2000 Census Long-Form-Sample Data Processing." National Research Council. 2004. The 2000 Census: Counting Under Adversity. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10907.
×

Type of Group Quarters and Year

Industry

Occupation

Class of Worker

Work Last Year

Number Weeks Worked

Usual Hours Worked

Wage/Salary Income

Self-Employ. Income

Total

 

2000

46.2

46.9

54.4

47.7

42.8

41.3

50.1

42.7

1990

20.9

21.3

22.5

26.9

21.4

20.6

27.4

23.2

Prisons

 

2000

75.2

75.4

78.3

70.6

72.5

71.2

74.3

67.4

1990

46.4

44.2

46.6

43.3

40.2

38.6

49.7

42.6

Juvenile Institutions

 

2000

54.9

55.6

58.1

55.1

50.7

49.6

43.7

38.1

1990

25.2

25.1

25.8

26.0

23.2

23.2

21.6

18.5

Nursing Homes

 

2000

78.6

78.2

80.4

52.6

69.9

69.5

48.2

47.7

1990

35.6

32.0

35.6

32.2

23.3

22.5

27.3

26.9

Hospitals and Schools for Handicapped

 

2000

51.5

52.0

65.5

57.3

43.5

42.6

56.1

51.0

1990

36.9

35.9

37.1

37.8

33.9

32.5

36.6

32.5

College Dormitories

 

2000

29.3

30.7

32.4

26.8

29.1

27.4

34.7

23.4

1990

9.9

11.1

11.5

11.2

13.2

12.7

15.0

10.1

Military Quarters

 

2000

5.7

5.9

80.4

16.4

20.3

18.6

17.4

3.1

1990

1.1

5.7

7.8

21.3

17.5

17.2

15.8

9.6

Shelters

 

2000

38.9

38.6

42.1

38.8

40.9

38.5

41.2

32.1

1990

38.2

36.4

37.2

36.6

39.0

38.1

37.1

33.3

Group Homes

 

2000

42.8

43.8

44.9

46.1

46.1

44.6

50.5

39.9

1990

30.6

29.5

30.3

29.5

31.9

31.1

32.4

25.8

Other Group Quarters

 

2000

43.3

43.5

46.3

49.0

51.3

50.4

49.8

41.4

1990

30.6

29.0

29.3

29.3

33.1

32.3

30.4

24.1

Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: 2000 Census Long-Form-Sample Data Processing." National Research Council. 2004. The 2000 Census: Counting Under Adversity. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10907.
×

Type of Group Quarters and Year

Interest Income

Social Security

SSI Income

Public Assist.

RetireMent

Other Income

All Income Imputed

Some/All Income Imputed

Total

 

2000

54.5

57.4

55.5

55.2

55.5

54.5

59.9

63.1

1990

29.9

30.7

29.0

29.1

29.6

35.4

37.5

Prisons

 

2000

74.1

74.1

74.1

74.2

74.2

73.8

78.3

79.7

1990

46.8

46.7

46.5

46.7

46.7

54.4

56.1

Juvenile Institutions

 

2000

61.0

61.2

61.4

61.4

61.2

60.7

65.0

66.1

1990

29.1

29.1

29.0

28.9

28.9

32.4

33.4

Nursing Homes

 

2000

68.1

75.9

68.7

68.3

69.4

67.1

76.9

79.0

1990

44.9

50.8

45.3

45.5

44.2

51.8

53.4

Hospitals and Schools for Handicapped

 

2000

61.5

64.8

63.9

63.3

62.9

61.9

65.9

70.5

1990

38.8

40.0

39.2

39.0

38.8

41.3

46.6

College Dormitories

 

2000

31.8

31.2

31.2

31.1

31.2

30.8

35.7

38.2

1990

11.1

10.8

10.6

10.6

10.7

14.9

16.5

Military Quarters

 

2000

15.8

31.1

31.1

31.1

31.1

30.5

18.7

32.9

1990

10.3

0.6

0.6

0.6

10.2

15.3

17.2

Shelters

 

2000

41.1

41.0

41.1

41.2

40.9

39.7

44.9

51.3

1990

37.5

37.7

37.1

37.5

37.3

40.9

44.0

Group Homes

 

2000

51.6

55.1

54.9

53.0

52.6

51.1

58.3

66.0

1990

30.8

32.2

31.9

31.1

31.1

35.2

41.2

Other Group Quarters

 

2000

56.6

59.8

57.4

55.9

57.0

55.3

63.1

67.0

1990

28.0

28.7

27.7

27.8

27.8

34.2

36.9

Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: 2000 Census Long-Form-Sample Data Processing." National Research Council. 2004. The 2000 Census: Counting Under Adversity. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10907.
×

NOTES: 2000 imputation rates include assignments.—, 100 percent assigned because of group quarters type (e.g., residents of nursing homes are assigned status as out of the labor force); alternatively, for 1990, question not asked (grade attending school, sensory disability, physical activity disability, mental disability, grandchildren in home, whether responsible for grandchildren, Supplemental Security Income [SSI]). Imputation rates for employment status recode include only cases for which none of the half-dozen relevant questions were answered. Some income imputed includes 100 percent and less than 100 percent imputed.

SOURCE: Tabulations by U.S.Census Bureau staff from the 2000 Sample Census Edited File (SCEF) and the 1990 Sample Edited Data File (SEDF), provided to the panel summer 2003.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: 2000 Census Long-Form-Sample Data Processing." National Research Council. 2004. The 2000 Census: Counting Under Adversity. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10907.
×

Figure H.1 Imputation/Assignment Rates for Housing Items, 2000 and 1990 Census, Persons Receiving the Long Form (weighted)

NOTES: 2000 rates include imputations and assignments (comparable to 1990), and are the “2000b” figures reported in Table H.7.

SOURCE: Tabulations by U.S. Census Bureau staff from the 2000 Sample Census Edited File (SCEF) and the 1990 Sample Edited Data File (SEDF), provided to the panel spring 2003.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: 2000 Census Long-Form-Sample Data Processing." National Research Council. 2004. The 2000 Census: Counting Under Adversity. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10907.
×
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The decennial census was the federal government’s largest and most complex peacetime operation. This report of a panel of the National Research Council’s Committee on National Statistics comprehensively reviews the conduct of the 2000 census and the quality of the resulting data. The panel’s findings cover the planning process for 2000, which was marked by an atmosphere of intense controversy about the proposed role of statistical techniques in the census enumeration and possible adjustment for errors in counting the population. The report addresses the success and problems of major innovations in census operations, the completeness of population coverage in 2000, and the quality of both the basic demographic data collected from all census respondents and the detailed socioeconomic data collected from the census long-form sample (about one-sixth of the population). The panel draws comparisons with the 1990 experience and recommends improvements in the planning process and design for 2010. The 2000 Census: Counting Under Adversity will be an invaluable resource for users of the 2000 data and for policymakers and census planners. It provides a trove of information about the issues that have fueled debate about the census process and about the operations and quality of the nation’s twenty-second decennial enumeration.

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