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Appendix C
Committee Biographies
Robert J. Hermann, NAE, Chair, is currently a senior partner at Global Technology Partners, LLC, a
Boston-based firm specializing in investments in technology, defense, aerospace, and related businesses
worldwide. In 1998, Dr. Hermann retiree! from United Technologies Corporation, where he was senior
vice president, science ant! technology. Prior to joining UTC in 1982, Dr. Hermann served 20 years with
the National Security Agency, with assignments in research and development, operations, and the North
Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). In 1977, he was appointed principal deputy assistant secretary of
defense for communications, command, control, and intelligence. In 1979, he was named Assistant
Secretary of the Air Force for research, development, and logistics anti in parallel was director of.the
National Reconnaissance Office. He receiver! B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. clegrees in electrical engineering from
Iowa State University. He was a member of the President s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board from
1993 to 2001 and a chairman of the board of directors of the American National Standards Institute from
1998 to 2000. Dr. Hermann was also chair of the board of directors of Draper Laboratory. He is currently
a member of the board of directors of Condor Systems, a member of NAE, and a member of the Defense
Science Board.
Antonio A. Cantu is the chief research scientist of the Forensic Services Division of the United States
Secret Service. His forensic interests include the chemical analysis of inks and paper on documents for
determining their ciate and origin; the visualization of latent fingerprints using chemical, optical, and
physical methods; and the optical and chemical tagging of targets for tracking and locating them. He has
assisted in developing countermeasures against threats involving chemical, biological, radiological,
nuclear, and explosive (CBRNE) materials. The latter includes technology for point detection and
standoff detection of explosives. He co-chairs the Investigative Support and Forensic Subgroup of the
Technical Support Working Group (the technical arm of the Interagency Working Group on Counter
Terrorism). He has held positions at the U.S. Department of Justice, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and
Firearms, and the FBI. Since 1986, he has been with the U.S. Secret Service. Dr. Cantu received a B.Sc.
(1963) and a Ph.D. (1967) in chemical physics from the University of Texas, Austin. He was a
postdoctoral fellow at the University of Alberta, Edmonton, and an OAS visiting fellow at the University
of Mexico ( 19701.
James J. De Yoreo is currently acting director, Bio-Security and Nanosciences Laboratory of the
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory s Chemistry en c! Materials Science Directorate. His research
interests include scanned probe nanolithography, nanoscale surface patterning, nucleation templates,
physics of crystal surfaces in solutions, macromolecular crystallization, biom~neralization, interaction of
organic molecules with inorganic crystal surfaces, assembly of supramolecular motifs, high-resolution
imaging, physics and chemistry of crystalline defects, en cl characterization of optical crystals. Dr. De
Yoreo is a member of the Materials Research Society and vice president of the American Association for
Crystal Growth. In 1994 he was presented the R&D 100 award Development of rapid growth process
for KDP, and in 2001 he received the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Science and Technology
Award. Dr. De Yoreo earned a B.A in physics from Colby College and an M.S. anti Ph.D. in experimental
physics from Cornell University. ~
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Danie! H. Doughty received his Ph.D. in inorganic chemistry from the University of Minnesota in 1979.
His thesis work explored the synthesis, characterization, and mechanistic study of organometallic
complexes used as homogeneous decarbonylation catalysis. He studied various compounds, primarily in
the family of rhodium phosphine complexes. He also studied at the Catholic University of America and
the University of New Mexico, where he obtained a B.S. in chemistry and an M.S. in inorganic chemistry.
Dr. Doughty currently is the manager of the Lithium Battery Research and Development Department,
Sandia National Laboratories. This group has responsibility for developing advanced power sources,
typically batteries and electrochemical cells based on lithium. Areas of expertise include various lithium
~ ~ · . ~ · · ~ · · · . . · · · - . ~ · . ~ · ~ ~ ~ · f ~ ~ ~ ~ . . · ~ ~~
chemistries (e.g., 1ltn1um-lon rechargeable batteries and 11tulum tulony1 cnlorloe cells and batteries). l he
group works on cutting-edge electrochemistry as well as advanced batteries and battery materials for
defense and commercial applications. Prior to taking this assignment in 1992, he led the Inorganic
Materials Chemistry Division for 7 years. This group has responsibility for advanced ceramic and glass
materials as well as general inorganic chemistry. Specifically, the preparation of preceramic materials
was a major effort that used sol-gel chemistry and other solution routes to ceramic and glass materials.
Previous projects at Sandia National Laboratories involved organometallic chemistry, inorganic
chemistry, nanostructured gold colloids, and the kinetics of gas-solid reactions. Prior to joining Sandia,
Dr. Doughty worked for 3 years at 3M Company as a research chemist developing advanced inorganic
photoconductors. Other areas of interest are general materials chemistry and processing, including
colloid chemistry, superconducting ceramics, intercalation compounds, and oxide surface chemistry. Dr.
Doughty received the DOE Award of Excellence in 1989 and is a member of the American Chemical
Society, the Materials Research Society, ECS, and Phi Kappa Phi honorary fraternity. He has over 80
publications, holds three patents, and has co-edited four technical proceedings volumes.
Lawrence H. Dubois received an S.B. degree in chemistry from the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology in 1976 and a Ph.D. in physical chemistry from the University of California, Berkeley, in
1980. Dr. Dubois then joined AT&T Bell Laboratories to pursue studies of the chemistry and physics of
metal, semiconductor, and insulator surfaces; chemisorption and catalysis by materials formed at the
metal-semiconductor interface; and novel methods of materials growth and preparation. In 1987, he was
promoted to distinguished member of the technical staff and technical manager. His efforts broadened to
include projects on polymer-surface interactions; adhesion promotion; corrosion protection; chemical
vapor deposition and thin-fiIm growth; optical fiber coating; synthesis, structure, and reactivity of model
organic surfaces; and time-resolved surface vibrational spectroscopy. In 1993, Dr. Dubois moved to MIT
Lincoln Laboratory as a senior staff scientist and was assigned to the Defense Advanced Research
Projects Agency (DARPA). In that capacity, he established the Advanced Energy and Environmental
Technologies Program and managed projects on the development and manufacturing of rechargeable
batteries; high-performance, direct-methanol, and logistic-fuel-powered~ fuel cells; and the development of
new, more environmentally sound manufacturing processes, environmental sensors, and waste
destruction/reclamation procedures. In 1995, Dr. Dubois was promoted to deputy director and in 1996 to
director of the Defense Sciences Office at DARPA. This office is responsible for an annual investment of
~nnroxim~telv ~()() million for the development of technologies for biological warfare defense hiolo~v.
--I ~ TO A-- -------D-- ---O--~ -' -----Of 7
defense applications of advanced mathematics and materials, and devices tor new military capabilities. In
March 2000, Dr. Dubois joined SRI International as corporate vice president and head of the Physical
Sciences Division, a group of over 150 scientists and engineers focusing on the development and
commercialization of advanced materials, m~crofabrication technologies, power sources, biological
warfare defense, medical diagnostics, molecular and optical physics, explosives and propellants, catalysts,
coatings, and environmentally benign processing. Dr. Dubois is the author of over 130 publications and
hoIcis four U.S. patents and several foreign patents. His numerous honors include the prestigious IRI00
and Alpha Chi Sigma awards as well as the Office of the Secretary of Defense Award for Outstanding
Achievement and the Secretary of Defense Medal for Outstanding Public Service. He sits on the board of
directors of two spin-off companies from SRI: Polyfue} en c! CYANCE.
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Appendix C
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Alan H. Epstein, NAE, is currently R.C. MacIaurin Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics. He is also the head of the Division of Fluids,
Propulsion ant} Energy Conversion. He is responsible for teaching gas turbine arid rocket engine design
at the undergraduate and graduate level; coordinating teaching, graduate admissions, and faculty staffing
for fluid mechanics, propulsion, and energy conversion; directing the 80-person MIT Gas Turbine
Laboratory; serving as principle investigator and director of the 50-person MIT MicroEngine Project; and
conducting research on advanced propulsion and energy conversion technologies. His interests include
teaching and research in the areas of compressor and turbine aerodynamics, compressor stability, turbine
engine controls, turbine heat transfer, engine instrumentation and measurement, turbomachinery noise,
and microengines and MEMS. Dr. Epstein's consulting activities include gas turbine engine design and
design practice; engineering management and organization; and signature analysis of air-breathing
vehicles. In abolition to being a member of the National Academy of Engineering, Dr. Epstein also holds
membership in the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the American Society of
Mechanical Engineers, as well as being a fellow at the American Institute of Aeronautics ant!
Astronautics. He has been a liaison, chair, and member of numerous National Research Council
committees and boards, including Review of ONR's Aircraft Technology Program, Implications of Micro
and Nanotechnology for the U.S. Air Force, Review of Effectiveness of U.S. Air Force S&T Changes,
ant} the Board on Army Science and Technology. Dr. Epstein received his B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees
from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and has over 90 publications in the fields of gas turbine
technology, air vehicle observables, instrumentation development, and MEMS.
Wilhelm B. Gauster is currently deputy director of the Physical and Chemical Sciences Center at Sandia
National Laboratories, where he manages nanoscience activities for defense program applications. His
own research has covered a wide range of topics in solid-state physics and nuclear technology, including
thermomechanics, optical properties of semiconductors, neutron and electron irradiation effects, positron
annihilation, muon spin rotation, plasma-materials interactions, and high-heat-flux components for fusion
devices. He has managed a variety of programs in basic and applied research, fission and fusion
technology, and energy policy. Dr. Gauster received an A.B. in applied physics from Harvard College and
a Ph.D. in physics from the University of Tennessee. He has served as a member of numerous editorial
boards and advisory panels, as an adjunct professor at the University of New Mexico, visiting scientist at
the Julich Research Center, and deputy head of site at the International Thermonuclear Experimental
Reactor Joint Work Site in Garching (Germany). He was a member of the Department of Energy
Magnetic Fusion Advisory Committee in 1988 and 1989 and received the Denartment of EneraY
Distinguished Associate Award in 1993.
Shirley A. Jackson, NAE, is currently the president of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Her career prior
to becoming Rensselaer's president encompassed senior positions in government, as chairman of the U.S.
Nuclear Regulatory Commission; in industry and research, as a theoretical physicist at the former AT&T
Bell Laboratories; and in academe, as a professor of theoretical physics at Rutgers University. Dr.
Jackson holds a Ph.D. in theoretical elementary particle physics from MIT and an S.B. in physics from
~IT. Her research specialty is in theoretical conclensed-matter physics, especially layered systems, and
the physics of opto-electronic materials. In 1995 President Clinton appointed Dr. Jackson to serve as
chair of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), which position she occupied from 1995 to
1999. As chair, she was the principal executive officer of and the official spokesman for the NRC. She
hac! ultimate authority for all NRC functions pertaining to an emergency involving an NRC licensee. The
NRC is charged with the protection of the public health and safety, the environment, and the common
defense and security by licensing, regulating, and safeguarding the use of reactor by-product material in
the United States. This includes power reactors; research, test, and training reactors; fuel cycle facilities;
reactor by-product use in medicine, industry, and research; the transportation, storage, and disposal of
high-level and low-level radioactive waste; and the licensing of nuclear exports for peaceful uses. From
1991 to 1995, Dr. Jackson was professor of physics at Rutgers University, where she taught
$
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Summary of the Power Systems Workshop
undergracluate and graduate students, conducted research on the electronic and optical properties of two-
dimensional systems, and supervises} Ph.D.cancliciates. She concurrently served as a consultant in
semiconductor theory to AT&T Bell Laboratories. Dr. Jackson will become president of the American
Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) in February 2004. She will serve as presicient-elect
in 2003, as president in 2004, and will chair the AAAS board in 2005. Dr. Jackson is a member of the
National Academy of Engineering ant! a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the
American Physical Society. Dr. Jackson holds 21 honorary doctoral degrees. She is a member of the
National Advisory Council for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering of the National Institutes of
Health (NTH), serves on the Advisory Committee for the Department of Energy National Nuclear Security
Administration (NNSA), and is a member of the U.S. Comptroller-General's Advisory Committee for the
Government Accounting Office (CiAO). She also has server! on a number of committees of the National
Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences.
Siegfried W. Janson is a senior scientist at the Aerospace Corporation. He obtained a Ph.D. in aerospace
engineering from Cornell University in 1984. He was a postdoctoral associate at Cornell from 1984 to
1987, at which time he joined the Aerospace Corporation to pursue experimental research in electric
thrusters and advanced laser-baseci propulsion diagnostics. Dr. Janson's current research interests are
m~cropropuIsion, micro/nanotechnology for space systems, formation flying, and distributed space
systems. He has worked in the MEMS field for 13 years and authored or co-authored over 20 papers on
m~crothrusters, m~cro/nanotechnology for space applications, and silicon satellites. He managed and co-
managed two DARPA-sponsored MEMS programs (Digital Thrusters and Micro Power Generator) and
participated in MEMS flight experiments on the shuttle and the International Space Station. Dr. Janson
has given invited presentations on micro/nanotechnology for spacecraft to the National Academy of
Engineering, the European Space Agency, and the International Space University. He was co-chair
(2001) anti chair (2003) of the SPA conference MEMS Components and Applications for Industry,
Automobiles, Aerospace, and Communications. Dr. Janson has served on several NRC panels for the
review of Air Force Office of Scientific Research propulsion proposals and on the NRC Committee on
Implications of Emerging Micro and Nano Technologies. He is a member of the IEEE and a senior
member of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA).
Anthony F. Lav~ano is a member of Raytheon Space ant! Airborne Engineering staff in El Segundo,
California. He is a member of the Patent Committee and is program manager for Advanced Technical
Programs. His focus is advanced technologies ant} products, which include power electronics; sensor,
processor and antenna technologies; and dual-use applications that is, he identifies, organizes, and
transitions technology into both military and commercial application. He established and is the leader of
the Nano Engineering and Science Technology Interest Group. He lee} and facilitated the Power
Electronics Technology Interest Group; represents engineering in industry endeavors such as the Open
Systems Joint Task Force for Power Electronics through the U.S. Air Force; is Power Sources
Manufacturer's Association chairperson for the Industry Government Committee; ant] is co-leader of
Electronic Power Specification Standardization Industry Working Group, which writes power electronics
standards under EKE auspices. He is past chairman of the IEEE Power Electronics Society for Southern
California, a member of the EKE Standards Association, the EKE Los Angeles Council, the EKE
Wescon, and the Academy of Management, and is on the editorial board of the Journal of Public
Administration. He is a certified contracts manager and a National Contract Association fellow. He
received a Ph.D. in business administration from Nova Southeastern University, Florida, an M.B.A. from
Pepperdine University, a B.A. from St. Charles College, Pennsylvania, and graduates} from the U.S. Army
Language School as a Chinese linguist. He is a former member of the National Faculty of Nova
Southeastern University Graduate School of Business and Entrepreneurship, as well as the Hughes
Aircraft Company technology staff. His technical involvement includes nanotechnology, antenna
clevelopment, data and mission processors, power electronics, radar systems, software development,
system architecture, terrestrial communication systems, and satellite communication systems.
1
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Appendix C
Debra R. Rolison is currently the section head of Advanced Electrochemical Materials at the Naval
Research Laboratory. Before this postion, Dr. Rolison was a research chemist at the Naval Research
33
Laboratory. She is also an adjunct professor of chemistry at the University of Utah. Her research
interests include synthesis ant! characterization of nanostructurec3 materials, including research into
processes occurring at the electrified interfaces of nanostructurec! materials with emphasis on (1) aerogels;
(2) supported electrocatalysts and nanoscale electrodes; (3) zeolites; (4) colloids; (5) dispersions of
catalytically active solids; and (6) chemically modified and dimensionally structured electrode surfaces.
A recent research focus has been nanoarchitectures for catalytic chemistries, energy storage and
conversion, biomolecular composites, porous magnets, and sensors. Principal inventions include (~)
electrified microheterogeneous catalysis; (2) using silica so] as a nanoglue to synthesize composite gels
and aerogels; (3) electrociesulfurization of solid carbon; (4) creating a three-dimensional nanowirec}
mesoporous architecture; and (5) infrared-em~tting materials. Dr. Rolison also writes and lectures widely
on issues affecting women in science. Her ideas with respect to using Title IX to evaluate academic
science and engineering departments recently led to a hearing on Title IX and the sciences before the
U. S. Senate Subcommittee on Science, Technology, and Space. Dr. Rolison is a member of the
American Chemical Society, the Materials Research Society, ant! the Society for Electroanalytical
Chemistry; she was elected a fellow of the AAAS in 2001. She coauthored Ultramicroelectrodes, the
first text on this active area, with M. FIeischmann, S. Pons, and P. Schmidt. She guest edited an issue of
Langmair devoted to the electrochemistry of nanostructured materials and recently served as a guest
editor of a Journal of Physical Chemistry Festschrift in honor of Royce Murray. Her past and present
editorial advisory boars! service includes Analytical Chemistry, Langmuir, Journal of Electroanalytical
Chemistry, Nano Letters, and the Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. She was a member
of the boars! of directors of SEAC and served as editor of SEA C Communications. Dr. Rolison was
named the 2003 Woman of Excellence by the University of Delaware. She chaired! the 2001 Gordon
Research Conference on Electrochemistry en c} chairs the 2003 International Symposium on Aerogels.
She received a Ph.D. from the University of North Carolina. She has published over 60 papers and hoists
14 patents.
R. Paul Schaudies is a nationally recognized expert in the fields of biological and chemical warfare
defense. He has served on numerous national-level advisory panels for the Defense Intelligence Agency,
the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, and the Department of Energy. He has 14 years bench
research experience managing laboratories at Walter Reed Hospital and Walter Reed Army Institute of
Research, and was a Visiting Scientist at the National Cancer Institute. He server} for 13 years on active
duty with the Army Medical Service Corps, and separated from service at the rank of Lieutenant Colonel-
select. Dr. Schaudies spent 4 years with the Defense Intelligence Agency as collections manager for
biological and chemical defense technologies. As such, he initiated numerous intra-agency collaborations
that resulted} in accelerated product development in the area of biological warfare agent detection and
identification. Dr. Schaudies is currently an assistant vice president and division manager of the
Biological and Chemical Defense Division at SAIC. His division focuses on three major business areas:
contract biomedical research, technology assessments, and scientific studies. Since joining SAIC, Dr.
S:haudies has served on and chaired numerous technology review and advisory panels for U.S.
government agencies. Dr. Schaudies received his bachelor's degree in chemistry from Wake Forest
UniversitY and his doctoral decree from Temole UniversitY School of Medicine in the Department of
Biochemistry. He has authored 27 scientific manuscripts in the peer-reviewed literature, as well as three
book chapters. Dr. Schaudies is active in both government and academic circles.
Julia R. Weertman, NAE, has conducted research on the mechanical behavior of metals and alloys and
the underlying phenomena that give rise to the observed behavior. Her research currently focuses on
determining the mechanical properties of a variety of nanocrystalline materials, characterizing their
structure, and studying deformation mechanisms in this small-grain-size regime. She also continues
interest in the high-temperature behavior of metals. Her research has demonstrated the value of small-
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Summary of the Power Systems Workshop
angle neutron scattering for detection and quantification of such features as voicis and pores and for
following the nucleation anti growth kinetics of second-phase particles. Dr. Weertman is a member of the
National Academy of Engineering and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. She is past member
of the Committee on Women in Science and Engineering and of the Committee on Human Rights of the
National Academies ant! has served on several NRC panels. Currently she is a member of the NRC
National Materials Advisory Board. She has served on advisory panels for DOE and NSF and for several
national laboratories. She is on the board of review editors for Science. She is a fellow of the Materials
Society and ASM International, received Special Creativity Awards for Research from NSF in 1981 and
1986, a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1986-1987, the Achievement Award from the Society of Women
Engineers in 1991, and the Leadership Award from the Materials Society in 1997.
George M. Whitesides, NAS, receiver! an A.B. degree from Harvard University in 1960 ant! a Ph.D.
from the California Institute of Technology (with J.D. Roberts) in 1964. He was a member of the faculty
of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology from 1963 to 1982. He joined the Department of Chemistry
of Harvard University in 1982, and was department chairman from 1986 to 1989. He is now MallinckroUt
Professor of Chemistry at Harvard University. He received an Alfred P. Sloan Fellowship in 1968; the
American Chemical Society (ACS) Award in Pure Chemistry in 1975; the Harrison Howe Award
(Rochester Section of the ACS) in 1979; an Alumni Distinguished Service Award (California Institute of
Technology) in 1980; the Remsen Award (ACS, Maryland Section) in 1983, an Arthur C. Cope Scholar
Award (ACS) in 1989; the James Flack Norris Award (ACS, New England Section) in 1994; the Arthur
C. Cope Award (ACS) in 1995; the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Award for Significant
Technical Achievement in 1996; the Madison Marshall Award (ACS) in 1996; the National Medal of
Science in 1998; the Sierra Nevada Distinguished Chemist Award (Sierra Nevada Section of the ACS),
the Wallac Oy Innovation Award in High Throughput Screening (the Society for Biomolecular
Screening) in 1999; the Award for Excellence in Surface Science (Surfaces in Biomaterials Foundation)
in 1999; and the Von Hippel award (Materials Research Society) in 2000. He is a member of the
American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the National Academy of Sciences, and the American
Philosophical Society. He is also a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
and the New York Academy of Science, a foreign fellow of the Indian National Science Academy, and an
honorary fellow of the Chemical Research Society of India.
Ellen D. Williams is currently a professor in the Department of Physics and the Institute for Physical
Science and Technology at the University of Maryland, as well as the director of the Materials Research
Science and Engineering Center. Dr. Williams is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and
Sciences. In 2001 she was the recipient of the American Physical Society s David Adler Lectureship
Award, and in 1998-1999, she was their centennial speaker. Dr. Williams serves on the National Security
Panel of the University of California President s Council and is also on the editorial board of Nano
Letters (ACS 3. Dr. Williams received a B.S. in chemistry from Michigan State University, a Ph.D. in
chemistry from the California Institute of Technology, and did postdoctoral research in physics at the
University of Maryland.
Mary H. Young is the director of the Sensors and Materials Laboratory of Hughes Research
Laboratories, a research company that is jointly owned by Boeing, General Motors, and Raytheon
Company. Dr. Young manages an organization with research emphasis in m~croelectromechanical
(MEM) and nanofabrication technologies, energy technologies, electro-optical sensor materials and
process technologies, materials engineering, and nanoelectronics. Dr. Young received her B.S. in physics
at Wake Forest University, her M.S. in physics at the University of Maryland, and her Ph.D. at UCLA in
electrical engineering. Since joining Hughes Research Laboratories in 1974, Dr. Young has conducted
research on the development of ultrapure silicon, extrinsic sem~concluctors for use in IR detector
programs, GaAs for a variety of electronic and optical device applications, superconductors for
microelectronics, and superIattice materials for novel device concepts. Currently, she is engaged in
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Appendix C
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1
directing the clevelopment of novel processes for materials, including semiconductors, active materials,
materials for thermal management, and materials for energy and power, and in exploring innovative
sensor types and clesigns, including MEMS devices, chemical and biological threat/environmental
sensors, electromagnetic sensors, and multisensor control methodologies. Major application programs in
energy storage and conversion, materials for automotive/aerospace sensors and power systems,
semiconductor nanoelectronics, MEMS-basec3 sensor and communications systems, and IR sensor-basec!
systems are among the programs currently being conducted under the direction of Dr. Young. Dr. Young
has contributed original work in electronic transport physics in semiconductors and in the physics of IR
sensitive materials and IR devices and managed a number of IR sensor development programs. From
1971 to 1974 she was manager of an analytic facility for the Materials Research Laboratory at the
University of Maryland. Dr. Young is a member of Phi Beta Kappa and of the American Physical Society
and the Materials Research Society. She has more than two dozen publications on semiconductor
materials, infrared detectors, impurity hopping electronic transport, neutron transmutation in
sem~concluctors, and superIattice materials and cievices.
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Representative terms from entire chapter:
power electronics
